Communication Events Research Articles

Comparison of methods and resources for cell-cell communication inference from single-cell RNA-Seq data

The growing availability of single-cell data, especially transcriptomics, has sparked an increased interest in the inference of cell-cell communication. Many computational tools were developed for this purpose. Each of them consists of a resource of intercellular interactions prior knowledge and a method to predict potential cell-cell communication events. Yet the impact of the choice of resource and method on the resulting predictions is largely unknown. To shed light on this, we systematically compare 16 cell-cell communication inference resources and 7 methods, plus the consensus between the methods’ predictions. Among the resources, we find few unique interactions, a varying degree of overlap, and an uneven coverage of specific pathways and tissue-enriched proteins. We then examine all possible combinations of methods and resources and show that both strongly influence the predicted intercellular interactions. Finally, we assess the agreement of cell-cell communication methods with spatial colocalisation, cytokine activities, and receptor protein abundance and find that predictions are generally coherent with those data modalities. To facilitate the use of the methods and resources described in this work, we provide LIANA, a LIgand-receptor ANalysis frAmework as an open-source interface to all the resources and methods.

Association Between Operating Room Noise and Team Cognitive Workload in Cardiac Surgery.

Excessive intra-operative noise in cardiac surgery has the potential to serve as source of distraction and additional cognitive workload for the surgical team, and may interfere with optimal performance. The separation from bypass phase is a technically complex phase of surgery, making it highly susceptible to communication breakdowns due to high cognitive demands and requiring tightly coupled team coordination. The objective of this study was to investigate team cognitive workload levels and communication in relation to intra-operative time periods representative of infrequent vs. frequent peaks in ambient noise. Compared to 5-minute segments with no peaks in noise at all, segments with the highest percentage of noise peaks (≥10%) were significantly associated with higher team members' heart rate before, during, and after noise segments analyzed. These noisier segments were also associated with a significantly higher level of case-irrelevant communication events. These data suggest that case-irrelevant conversations associated with a greater degree of excessive peaks in noise may be associated with team workload levels, warranting further investigation into efforts to standardize communication during critical surgical phases.

Equal language communication

Abstract The pragmatic reason for supporting the promotion of equal language communication is that this communication is part of a social event that aims to develop an inclusive society. However, this support also has an anthropological reason, which is based on the reconstruction of the origin of man as a being of his kind and his humanization. His humanization is based on continuous self-realization and rational social solidarity, consisting in the fact that the actors of social interaction are committed to creating a lively environment for parity self-realization. Such self-realization is governed by the principle of equality differentiation, which includes the contextual neutralization of relevant differences between actors. Transparency is essential for overcoming equality barriers in language communication, but it is important to perceive the opposition between levelling and cultivated equality communication. This contrast draws attention to the idea of optimally transparent language, which leads the actors to set the optimal ratio between transparent and non-transparent forms of expression. Since the humanization of individuals and society corresponds to cultivated equality communication, the order of the day is to increase the volume of language communication in society with such a degree of non-transparency (negativity) that stimulates the interpretive activity of the actors. When examining equal language communication with regard to its impact on the cultural level of society, one of the relevant issues is the adaptation of the relationship between positive and negative transparency to current communication events.

Co-simulation platform for interconnected power systems and communication networks based on PSS/E and OMNeT++

This paper proposes a co-simulator that combines OMNeT++ for communication systems with PSS/E for the electrical transmission network. The co-simulator applies an event-driven synchronization method that minimizes errors due to delays in the synchronization between both simulators. The synchronization method pauses the simulation of the power system at each communication event, while a supervisory module in PSS/E returns control to the event simulator if any condition from a pre-specified set is met. The proposed co-simulator is demonstrated on a protection system based on peer-to-peer communication and used to evaluate the effect of communication latency times on an online state estimator.

Assessment of Social Behavior Using a Passive Monitoring App in Cognitively Normal and Cognitively Impaired Older Adults: Observational Study

BackgroundIn people with cognitive impairment, loss of social interactions has a major impact on well-being. Therefore, patients would benefit from early detection of symptoms of social withdrawal. Current measurement techniques such as questionnaires are subjective and rely on recall, in contradiction to smartphone apps, which measure social behavior passively and objectively.ObjectiveThis study uses the remote monitoring smartphone app Behapp to assess social behavior, and aims to investigate (1) the association between social behavior, demographic characteristics, and neuropsychiatric symptoms in cognitively normal (CN) older adults, and (2) if social behavior is altered in cognitively impaired (CI) participants. In addition, we explored in a subset of individuals the association between Behapp outcomes and neuropsychiatric symptoms.MethodsCN, subjective cognitive decline (SCD), and CI older adults installed the Behapp app on their own Android smartphone for 7 to 42 days. CI participants had a clinical diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or Alzheimer-type dementia. The app continuously measured communication events, app use and location. Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) total scores were available for 20 SCD and 22 CI participants. Linear models were used to assess group differences on Behapp outcomes and to assess the association of Behapp outcomes with the NPI.ResultsWe included CN (n=209), SCD (n=55) and CI (n=22) participants. Older cognitively normal participants called less frequently and made less use of apps (P<.05). No sex effects were found. Compared to the CN and SCD groups, CI individuals called less unique contacts (β=–0.7 [SE 0.29], P=.049) and contacted the same contacts relatively more often (β=0.8 [SE 0.25], P=.004). They also made less use of apps (β=–0.83 [SE 0.25], P=.004). Higher total NPI scores were associated with further traveling (β=0.042 [SE 0.015], P=.03).ConclusionsCI individuals show reduced social activity, especially those activities that are related to repeated and unique behavior, as measured by the smartphone app Behapp. Neuropsychiatric symptoms seemed only marginally associated with social behavior as measured with Behapp. This research shows that the Behapp app is able to objectively and passively measure altered social behavior in a cognitively impaired population.

Referral for re-submission: Scholarly Expectations of EFL Applied Linguistics Doctoral Defense Sessions

Abstract In a challenging criticism-generating oral defense of a doctoral program, examiners evaluate the PhD dissertation so as to confirm its scholarly merit. The main purpose of this ethnographic study was identifying the examiners’ expectations of the viva which was achieved by using a content analytic approach for analyzing the disputation section of two applied linguistics doctoral defense sessions from two accredited Iranian universities in 2019. Despite the similar shortcomings in terms of innovation, development, sampling and treatment, raised by the examiners, one of the candidates passed with distinction while the other was suggested re-submission. This finding suggests that the outcome of a viva, in an EFL context, not only depends on adherence to the conventions of doctoral research but is also influenced by the strictness of the examiners, the candidates’ language proficiency, and negotiation skills in this confrontational communicative event. Findings provide evidence for factors, namely the examiners’ attributes, the doctoral candidate’s attributes, and the dissertation attributes that determine the success or failure of PhD candidates in displaying their claims of scholarship during their defense sessions.

The meeting after the meeting: A conceptualization and process model

This article offers initial theorizing on an understudied phenomenon in the workplace: the meeting after the meeting (MATM). As an informal and unscheduled event, the MATM takes place outside managerial control and has potentially far-reaching consequences. However, our current knowledge of the MATM relies primarily on practitioner observations, and conceptual work that integrates the MATM into the larger meeting science literature is missing. This article fills this gap by outlining key defining features of the MATM that can be used to structure future research. Moreover, and based on theorizing concerning the affect-generating nature of meetings, we develop an affect-based process model that focuses on the antecedents and boundary conditions of the MATM at the episodic level and shines light on meetings as a sequential phenomenon.

A contextual framework for understanding impression management

Research on impression management within organizations is extensive and provides valuable insights regarding both impression management motivation and the ways in which impression management is enacted. However, inconsistent findings in the literature limit our ability to confidently glean clear research and practice conclusions. Further, current impression management perspectives are primarily based on face-to-face communication, but technology and world events have changed how we interact within organizations. Our integrative literature review examines the impression management literature, and integrates research from related literatures (organizational citizenship behavior, faking behavior, and computer-human interaction), to identify how context influences impression motivation and construction. Based on this review, we propose that impression motivation is shaped, in part, by the situation's evaluative potential (e.g., public behavior, high stakes), and the nature of the workplace interaction (e.g., anonymity, permanence, verifiability, and synchronicity) moderates the impression motivation-impression construction relationship. We then use the contextual framework to provide a better understanding of past research, stimulate new research, and provide practical recommendations for HR professionals.

Juhud al-Jahidz fi Bahtsi al-Ittishal al-Lafdzi

This study aims to examine the concept of communication according to al-Jahidz. Communication comes from Latin communication, which is rooted in the word communism, which means the same meaning of something. In other words, a communication event will take place if the people involved in it have the same perception or meaning of what is being communicated. As a term, communication can be defined as the delivery and reception of messages or information between two or more people using verbal (language) and nonverbal symbols. This article uses a descriptive qualitative method, which describes and analyzes in-depth verbal communication according to Al-Jahidz. The data collection technique makes use of primary data sources through documents of al-Jahidz books (al-Bayan wa al-Tabyin, al-Hayawan, al-Risalah Li al-Jahidz, al-Hayawan) and other books that discuss al-Jahidz (Usmaniyah Li al-Jahidz, al-Bukhala’ Li al-Jahidz, al-Malamich al-Adaiyah Li al-Jahidz). The results reveal that Al-Jahidz is an Arabic linguist who discusses the theory of verbal communication which includes: the concept of verbal communication, forms of verbal communication and its characteristics, the effect of verbal communication on the same speaker alongside its relationship to the intellectual level, the influence of physical signs or movements on strengthening and controlling verbal performance, commissions, and their effects on verbal performance, varying performance effects on verbal communication, and preference for speaking over silence.

Fault-tolerant consensus of nonlinear agents considering switching topology in the presence of communication noise

In this paper, the consensus of nonlinear multi-agent systems (MASs) is discussed, considering actuator fault and switching topology in the presence of communication noise. The actuator fault and communication noise are both considered to be random. The switching of the topologies is considered random as well. These issues are handled by Distributed Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion (DNDI), which is designed for Multi-Agent Systems (MASs) operation. The convergence proof with actuator fault is provided, which shows the robustness of the controller. The simulation results show that DNDI successfully dealt with the actuator fault and communication events simultaneously.

Politeness as a Nonverbal Communication Behavior: An Investigation into Driving Habits in Asia

Politeness is mainly investigated in verbal and written communicative encounters. This study novelistically examines politeness and politic behavior as a nonverbal communicative event concerning driving habits in Asia. Politeness is investigated based on four variables that are the country of origin, gender, age, and level of education. The novel framework is based on Brown and Levinson’s (1987) politeness theory. This study revealed that Asian drivers use deference, hedges, and indirectness to minimize imposition while driving. The study showed that Hong Konger, Singaporean and Malaysian drivers are the most polite in Asia. This study also revealed that Hong Konger female drivers and Malaysian male drivers are the most polite in Asia concerning giving signals before changing lanes. It also revealed that Malaysian female drivers and Singaporean male drivers are the most polite in Asia concerning following traffic signs and speed limits. The study also found that Malaysian, Indonesian, Thai, Indian, Filippo, and Singaporean male drivers are more polite than their female counterparts with respect to following signs, while Hong Konger, Singaporean, and Taiwanese female drivers are more polite than their male counterparts pertaining to giving signals before changing lanes. It is also apparent that Malaysian, Chinese, Thai, Indian, Sri Lankan, Nepali, Pakistani, and Filipino male drivers are more polite than their female counterparts pertaining to giving signals before changing lanes. This study also established that old drivers are more polite than young drivers and old female drivers are more polite than old male drivers. In reference to the level of education, the study revealed a positive correlation between politic driving behavior and high level of education. Interestingly, highly educated male drivers are more polite than highly educated female drivers in Asia.

A Speech-Based Model for Tracking the Progression of Activities in Extreme Action Teamwork

Designing computerized approaches to support complex teamwork requires an understanding of how activity-related information is relayed among team members. In this paper, we focus on verbal communication and describe a speech-based model that we developed for tracking activity progression during time-critical teamwork. We situated our study in the emergency medical domain of trauma resuscitation and transcribed speech from 104 audio recordings of actual resuscitations. Using the transcripts, we first studied the nature of speech during 34 clinically relevant activities. From this analysis, we identified 11 communicative events across three different stages of activity performance-before, during, and after. For each activity, we created sequential ordering of the communicative events using the concept of narrative schemas. The final speech-based model emerged by extracting and aggregating generalized aspects of the 34 schemas. We evaluated the model performance by using 17 new transcripts and found that the model reliably recognized an activity stage in 98% of activity-related conversation instances. We conclude by discussing these results, their implications for designing computerized approaches that support complex teamwork, and their generalizability to other safety-critical domains.

Intercultural communication competence: A case study of international students' intercultural intelligence in Malaysia

&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;The experience of everyday intercultural communication events and encounters will always shape one's intercultural communication perspective. This perspective is also fully interwoven in our deeply held beliefs and values, which guide our thoughts and actions both within and across cultural boundaries, as well as our understandings of the other cultures we encounter. Therefore, it is a must to have intercultural communication competence in crossing these cultural differences. This study aims to develop Intercultural Communication Competence: a Case Study on Intercultural Intelligence of International students in Melaka, Malaysia. Using the concept of Intercultural Communication Competence, this study investigates studies related to the intercultural communication competence of international students in Melaka, Malaysia. The paradigm used in this study is constructivism. This study uses a qualitative method with a single case study design and data collection techniques with interviews and documentation studies. The subjects of this research are international students studying in Malaysia. Miles and Huberman’s data analysis technique was used in this study, which includes three activities, namely data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing (verification). The findings of this study provide a description of international students' intercultural communication competence as evidenced by their attitudes, skills, knowledge, and behavior in accepting a culture other than their own. They have a strong desire to be able to adapt to a new culture, even though they are frequently hampered by language differences and stereotypes during the adaptation process.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Keywords: &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;em&gt; &lt;/em&gt;&lt;em&gt;Intercultural, communication, competence, foreign student&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

Analysing Show Cause Notices based on Applied Genre Analysis: a Multi- perspective Model

The current research papers targets to investigate the genre of Show Cause notices (SCNs) based on theoretical approaches of genre analysis (Bhatia, 1999) and applied genre analysis (Bhatia, 2002). The reason to carry the said study is to identify the correlation among the textual, generic and social perspectives of Show cause notices. The corpus of ninety show cause notices was gathered and analyzed by applying applied genre analysis: a multi-perspective model of Bhatia (2002). The theoretical concerns (1999) directed towards the language use in four categories; purpose, products, process and players which are affirmed through the analytical analysis. The findings through qualitative and quantitative paradigms of research represented that purpose of the SCNs and lexico-grammatical features are the mainstreams to suggest the structure patterning in the text to shape such genre as highly formal, objective and professional. The social perspective reflected the participants in no personal terms, clear separate power zones and the addresser's cognitive understanding of communicative event and purpose.

Communication and Sociological Support of the Image of Russian Regions in the Context of Their Strategic Development

The article is devoted to identifying the features of the formation and promotion of the image of Russian regions in the context of their spatial development strategies. The sociological foundations of the implemented projects and related communication activities are considered. The theoretical and methodological basis of the article is a set of applied sociological studies conducted at the All-Russian and regional levels, including representative surveys in target audiences, expert interviews, focus groups; media sociological studies on electronic systems of automatic media analysis; experimental methods and included observation. The key communication events in the regions were analyzed from the point of view of their influence on public opinion through traditional and new media, as well as the problems of presenting visual components of territorial projects.The most well-known image projects of the 3rd millennium in the subjects of the Russian Federation of different federal districts were selected for the study: Southern (Volgograd region), North Caucasus (Republic of North Ossetia - Alania), Volga (Perm Region), Ural (Chelyabinsk region), Siberian (Omsk region), Far Eastern (Republic of Sakha / Yakutia/): in these projects, the author acted as a leader, participant or expert. Based on the systematization of research, a classification of projects/campaigns for the formation of the reputation of regions within the framework of strategic development is proposed, recommendations for the creation of communication models for their promotion in the internal and external environment are developed.

COVID-19: A pandemic situation

Aim: To include a summary of what has been written so far about COVID-19, enabling access to information and a greater understanding of the pandemic, and to assist the medical community in making decisions about the virus. Armed conflicts and communicable disease natural events are both preventable occurrences that can devastate human societies. Pandemic illnesses, like the COVID-19, are usually highly promulgated within the It's possible that exposure to the media is linked to increased anxiety and compensatory behaviour (e.g., using hand sanitizer). Health anxiety, contamination fears, and disgust sensitivity are all significant predictors of corona link anxiety, according to multivariate analysis. Implications for a new approach to pandemic issues diseases of COVID affected the lives of many folks at personal and social levels. Many of us lost our dear ones, their job security, susceptible to several new pneumonic diseases because the COVID-19 is well-known to damage the lungs permanently. We tend to estimate that early infection of COVID-19 shows exponential growth rates of 38per cent per day [1].

KONTEKS KOMUNIKASI NETIZEN DI MEDIA SOSIAL: Studi Netnografi Komunikasi terhadap Perilaku Bermedia Netizen di Akun Instagram Jokowi

This article aims to explain the context of communication and media behavior of netizens on Jokowi's Instagram account. There are two fundamental problems behind this research, namely; 1) the high participation of netizens in responding to status and posts on Jokowi's account; 2) the emergence of variations in netizen comments in the form of support and hate speech. Therefore, to analyze in depth these problems, this research is supported by a qualitative approach with the ethnographic method of communication. This method is used to find the reasons (motives) and context of communication events that arise from the two virtual communities. The data or information needed in this study is based on the context of the speech community behavior that occurs in the comments column on Jokowi's Instagram account. Netizens who actively argued and gave statements in the comments column were analyzed with and concepts, namely the concept of maxim of wisdom and maxim of appreciation. There are groups or communities that like to give negative comments and there are also communities that give positive responses.

The protection of megascience projects from deepfake technologies threats: information law aspects

The paper examines the potential threats of the malicious use of deepfake technology to destabilize and discredit megascience projects in the global information space. The phenomenology of using artificial intelligence (AI) to create video recordings and voice messages, in which people do and say something that did not take place in reality, is considered. Special attention is paid to speech synthesis technologies based on arbitrary text and spoofing, i.e. replacing the speaker’s personality while preserving the content of the original speech message. The authors’ definition of a voice deepfake is as follows: an artificial creation of digital voice clones of a person for the purpose of intellectual or material forgery (fabrication of a pseudo-real information and communication event). A specific classification of deepfake technologies according to the types of their criminogenic use is given in the article. The authors highlight the imperfection of the Russian legislation on the legal protection of the individual voice of a person as an intangible value and on the protection of individuals from the unauthorized use of voice personal data taking into account the policy of social networks (Facebook, Twitter, TikTok) aimed at protecting users from synthesized audio and video disinformation. Based on the results of the research, a number of decisions are proposed to change the criminal and civil legislation in order to ensure the national security of the state, to protect international megascience projects, other scientific activities and individuals from the negative consequences of the potentially destructive and / or criminal use of voice deepfakes, including discrediting and defaming international megascience projects and their representatives in the media environment. The proposed legislative amendments may be used in other contexts by foreign countries and interstate associations.

Brain barriers virtual: an interim solution or future opportunity?

BackgroundScientific conferences are vital communication events for scientists in academia, industry, and government agencies. In the brain barriers research field, several international conferences exist that allow researchers to present data, share knowledge, and discuss novel ideas and concepts. These meetings are critical platforms for researchers to connect and exchange breakthrough findings on a regular basis. Due to the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic, all in-person meetings were canceled in 2020. In response, we launched the Brain Barriers Virtual 2020 (BBV2020) seminar series, the first stand-in virtual event for the brain barriers field, to offer scientists a virtual platform to present their work. Here we report the aggregate attendance information on two in-person meetings compared with BBV2020 and comment on the utility of the virtual platform.MethodsThe BBV2020 seminar series was hosted on a Zoom webinar platform and was free of cost for participants. Using registration- and Zoom-based data from the BBV2020 virtual seminar series and survey data collected from BBV2020 participants, we analyzed attendance trends, global reach, participation based on career stage, and engagement of BBV2020. We compared these data with those from two previous in-person conferences, a BBB meeting held in 2018 and CVB 2019.ResultsWe found that BBV2020 seminar participation steadily decreased over the course of the series. In contrast, live participation was consistently above 100 attendees and recording views were above 200 views per seminar. We also found that participants valued BBV2020 as a supplement during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. Based on one post-BBV2020 survey, the majority of participants indicated that they would prefer in-person meetings but would welcome a virtual component to future in-person meetings. Compared to in-person meetings, BBV2020 enabled participation from a broad range of career stages and was attended by scientists in academic, industry, and government agencies from a wide range of countries worldwide.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that a virtual event such as the BBV2020 seminar series provides easy access to science for researchers across all career stages around the globe. However, we recognize that limitations exist. Regardless, such a virtual event could be a valuable tool for the brain barriers community to reach and engage scientists worldwide to further grow the brain barriers research field in the future.

Examining Learners’ Understandings of Algebraic Variables: Evidence from Modelling in the Classroom

In response to difficulties in learning algebra, researchers claim that the modelling approach is a powerful tool to build a foundation for learning mathematics at the middle school level. This article explores the conceptual difficulties and understandings of variables that Grade 8 learners have when they work in a modelling activity after these concepts have been learned from Grades 5–8. To this end, 25 Grade 8 learners in one school (in one classroom) in North Wollo district were conveniently sampled to participate in this qualitative methods study. In this study, data were collected using audio recordings of communicative events and analysed using learners’ conversational statements during their discussion to solve the modelling activity. The findings in this study indicate that participating learners’ understandings of algebraic concepts (variables, constructs and sub-constructs) after these concepts were taught using the traditional method of teaching from Grades 5–8 did not equip them with the necessary skills to understand variables as unknown quantities involved in real-life problem situations. This study provides an insight for teachers to incorporate modelling in their classrooms by exploring the strategies in the textbook to explain concepts in mathematics through the lens of Action, Process, Object, Schema theory. It could also serve as a catalyst for further investigation on the effectiveness of the teaching treatment implemented in this study in other domains of mathematics with the aim of helping learners develop a sound conceptual understanding.