Communication Engineering Research Articles

Optical soliton solutions to the space–time fractional perturbed Schrödinger equation in communication engineering

Optical soliton solutions to the space–time fractional perturbed Schrödinger equation in communication engineering

Deep image compression using scene text quality assessment

Image compression is a fundamental technology for Internet communication engineering. However, a high compression rate with general methods may degrade images, resulting in unreadable texts. In this paper, we propose an image compression method for maintaining text quality. We developed a scene text image quality assessment model to assess text quality in compressed images. The assessment model iteratively searches for the best-compressed image holding high-quality text. Objective and subjective results showed that the proposed method was superior to existing methods. Furthermore, the proposed assessment model outperformed other deep-learning regression models.

Multi-users different rates visible light communication system for sixth-generation multimedia applications

The two most significant issues that communication engineers have been confronting since the development of fifth-generation wireless networks are bandwidth increase and energy-saving techniques in data transmission. We present an innovative solution for utilizing a multi-user different-rates visible light communication (VLC) system for sixth-generation applications. Such a solution takes advantage of orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) with orthogonal codes as multiple access communication networks. For the achievement of energy-saving and wide beam width of the optical source, the light emitting diode is often used as a transmitter. Furthermore, one of the most popular orthogonal codes in use is the double length modified prime code, which has been utilized for enhancing communication network security and network capacity. Most importantly, the performance of the network is evaluated versus the number of users, taking into consideration the amount of noise resulting from the multiple access interference, shot noise, and thermal noise. The error vector magnitude has also been considered for performance analysis and results. Significantly, the obtained results show the possibility of accommodating 110 users at an error rate of no more than 10 − 9 and a data rate per user of 50 Gbps.

Preparation and characterization of polyacrylonitrile/nitrocellulose engineering blend

AbstractPolyacrylonitrile (PAN) polymer blends were more in demand due to their wide range of applications. We overcome the restricted low thermal stability and poor strength for deployable blend. In the present study, we prepared PAN and nitrocellulose (NC) polymer blends by solution casting method to overcome the low loss, low dielectric properties as alternative blend for cladding purpose in communication domain. C≡N bond exclusively demonstrated the impact on blending was confirmed by Fourier‐transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR) and Raman microscopy measurement. Semicrystalline nature of polymer blends as a function of NC loading was determined by X‐ray diffraction (XRD). Optical polarizing microscopy (OPM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis illustrated an appearance of micro flocculated spherulites. Blending ratio of PAN/NC demonstrated the decreased direct band gap identified by Ultraviolet spectroscopy (UV). PAN/NC proved excellent alternative as low dielectric constant and low loss as cladding medium. Blending of NC with PAN exhibited an increased hydrophilicity was confirmed by surface goniometer. Increased thermal stability of polymer blends was mapped by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Blend melting temperature and glass transition temperature was increased from 322°C to 334°C and 88°C to 102°C confirmed by Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis. Thermal conductivity was increased from ~0.13 to ~0.34 W/m. k for PAN/NC determined by Lee's disc probe method. Mechanical properties of blends were measured using universal testing machine (UTM). Tensile strength and Young's modulus was increased up to ~23%, and ~ 56%, whereas elongation break was decreased up to ~71% for PAN/NC blends compared to host PAN system. PAN/NC may suit promising candidate as cladding blend for communication engineering due to low loss and low dielectric constant.

Design, Simulation and Optimization of PZT-5A Cantilever Piezoelectric Pressure Sensor

Aims: The main aim of this research work is:
 
 To design a mathematical model of the sensor and validate with the 3D model simulation of the sensor in COMSOL Multiphysics simulator and
 To optimize the sensor for maximizing its sensitivity.
 
 Study Design: In the methodology, we design and utilizePZT-5A piezoelectric in shear mode as the piezoelectric is attached on a cantilever structure. The various factors affecting the sensitivity of the sensor are investigated after validating the mathematical model with the simulated values.
 Place and Duration of Study: This study is done in the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Rajiv Gandhi University, Arunachal Pradesh at COMSOL Simulation Laboratory during 2022 to 2023.
 Methodology: In this study, a cantilever structure is considered for the mechanical structure. The stress distribution on the structure is calculated for the applied pressure range from 0 to 1000 Pa. Later, the output voltage of the sensor is calculated. This mathematical model is validated with the COMSOL multiphysics simulator. The optimization of the sensor is done in mathematical tool with maximizing function after providing the conditions. 
 Results: The maximum stress on the sensor structure occurred near the clamped part of the cantilever. The calculated and simulated output sensitivities of the PZT-5A piezoelectric based pressure sensor are-1.6021 mV/kPa and -1.046887 mV/kPa respectively.
 Conclusion: We conclude that the PZT-5A piezoelectric based pressure sensor has a linear output with negative gradient as the stress induced on the structure is tensile stress. The various parameters that affect the sensitivity of the sensor arefound to depend on the shape and size of the cantilever structure, Poisson’s ratio and Young’s modulus, piezoelectric voltage coefficient and piezoelectric material thickness.
 Future Scope: In future, this study can be extended by taking different shape and size of the cantilever. The different modes of piezoelectric and different materials may be another future scope of this study.

Design and Simulation of PDMS and PMMA Based Touch Mode Capacitive Pressure Sensor: A Comparative Study

Aims: In this research work, a design method and a comparative of a touch mode capacitive pressure sensor (TMCPS) using poly-dimethyl-siloxane (PDMS) and poly-methyl methacrylate (PMMA) is the done. A novel method is proposed to linear the output characteristics of the sensor because planer type capacitive sensors are non-linear.
 Study Design: This method uses a mechanical coupler to convert the deflection of the diaphragm into a linear displacement that helps to linear the output characteristics. The mathematical model of the sensor is designed and simulated the 3D model to validate the mathematically calculated values.
 Place and Duration of Study: This study is done in the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Rajiv Gandhi University, Arunachal Pradesh at COMSOL Simulation Laboratory during 2021 to 2023.
 Methodology: The mechanical and electrostatic components of the sensor are represented mathematically model in two separate parts. For this study, a square diaphragm was used since it exhibits greater deflection than circular or rectangular diaphragms. In order to validate the model equation, a 3D model of a sensor is created in the COMSOL Multiphysics simulator and simulated. For the pressure range of 0.1 [MPa] to 10.1 [MPa], the identical 3D model of the sensor construction with a square diaphragm thickness of 20 µm is simulated for PDMS and PMMA. The different elements influencing the sensor's sensitivity are discovered, and the effects of the materials PDMS and PMMA on the output characteristic are discussed.
 Results: The simulated and calculated sensitivity of the sensors based on PDMS are 0.03685 [fF/MPa] and 0.03467 [fF/MPa] respectively. And the simulated and calculated sensitivity of the sensors based on PMMA are 0.03929 [fF/MPa] and 0.03748 [fF/MPa] respectively. It is observed that the PDMS based TMCPS has more sensitivity then the PMMA based TMCPS.
 Conclusion: The PMMA based TMCPS has higher sensitivity than the PDMS based TMCPS. The various parameters that affect the sensitivity of the sensor are diaphragm shape, size, Poisson’s ratio and Young’s modulus, area covered by the dielectric material, dielectric constant of the polymers dielectric and surface are of the electrode plate.
 Future Scope: Future research for TMCPS can be conducted using composite polymer dielectric materials and new polymer dielectric materials to improve the sensitivity. One can optimize the sensor using different tools as the mathematical model is developed.

Function Generator Based on Circuit Simulation Method

The function generator has a wide range of applications, mainly used in various production testing and scientific and technological fields such as chemical industry, communication engineering, industrial control, military, aerospace and so on. The function calculator based on the circuit simulation method can be quickly adjusted according to the output frequency, amplitude, and phase under the premise of ensuring accuracy. This article uses Falstad for circuit simulation and TinkerCad for circuit modeling. From the circuit scheme selection, analysis, optimization and other links, all use electronic simulation, without using any physical electronic components. At the same time, the theoretical equation and the simulated function curve are compared. Through comparison, it is found that the overall trend of the simulated curve is similar to the theoretical value, but the maximum amplitude appears later and smaller than the theoretical value.

Preface: 6th International Conference on Mechatronics, Control and Electronic Engineering (MCEE 2023)

On behalf of the committee, we would like to thank you for your participation in the 2023 6th International Conference on Mechatronics, Control and Electronic Engineering (MCEE 2023) which has been held in Dallas, USA during March 18-19, 2023. The aim of this conference is to provide a platform for researchers, engineers, academicians as well as industrial professionals from all over the world to present their research results and development activities in mechanical engineering, electronic engineering, mechatronics engineering, control technology, automation, communication engineering, computer science and information technology.
 MCEE 2023 provides opportunities for the delegates to exchange new ideas and application experiences face to face, to establish business or research relations and to find global partners for future collaboration. Prominent researchers and scientists from around the world share their latest research results and exchange their ideas. In addition, direct contacts among the researchers and scientists will therefore promote international research networking as well as collaboration in the future.
 We would like to express our sincere appreciation to all the participants, financial sponsors, exhibitors, supporting organizations and all the committee members who has made this conference successful. We are looking forward to meeting you in the next MCEE conference.
 MCEE 2023 Conference Committee
 Dallas, USA

Application of 5G Mobile Communication Technology Integrating Robot Controller Communication Method in Communication Engineering

Following the ongoing advancement of the communication industry, data traffic and information have achieved rapid growth. As the core technology of contemporary mobile communication, 5G technology can not only meet the transportation needs of massive data traffic but also be expanded to various industries, expanding the development field of intelligent communication and realizing further improvement of production efficiency. At present, 5G mobile communication technology is widely used in communication engineering, providing effective technical support for engineering construction and operation. However, while the progress of the times brings innovation and refinement in mobile communication technology, it also increases the complexity of market development, in this context, the practical application of 5G technology in communication engineering is limited, which limits the development of both. In order to solve this dilemma, this paper integrated the communication method of the robot controller, and based on the analysis of the characteristics and application status of mobile communication technology, the application of 5G technology in communication engineering was deeply studied. In order to prove the effect of the robot controller communication method, in this paper, simulation experiments were carried out to analyze the application effect of 5G in communication engineering from three aspects of throughput rate, energy efficiency, and signal suppression effect and to compare it with traditional communication methods. The results of the signal suppression experiment showed that the average peak value of the signal under the traditional communication method was 18.134 dB, and the average peak value of the signal under the method in this paper was 11.296 dB, which showed that the 5G technology integrating the communication method of the robot controller is more practical in communication engineering.

The Institute of Electronics, Information and Communication Engineers（IEICE）and its Code of Ethics: From the Formation of the IEICE's Code of Ethics to the Present

本稿においては，電子情報通信学会倫理綱領の策定に至るまでの前史から，同倫理綱領の策定及び，その後の展開を記述する．倫理綱領の策定・改定に関わる議論では，本会を取り巻く社会や技術，思想などの環境変化との関わりから，倫理綱領のあり方・内容が検討されている．本稿も，より大きな本会を取り巻く環境の変化の中で，倫理綱領がどのように策定・改定されてきたかに着目し，時代区分を行う．1998年電子ネットワークの倫理として策定された倫理綱領は，2011年改定によって，電子情報通信技術者の倫理として形を整え，2023年3月現在，多様性と対話の時代に向けての再改定作業が進められている．

Preface

International Conference on Recent Advances in Wireless Communications & Emerging Technologies RAWCET-2022 This International Conference RAWCET 2022 is organized by Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Koneru Lakshmaiah Educational Foundation, India in association with IETE, IEEE communication, MTT student chapter and communication System Research Group (CSRG). The Conference aims to provide a platform to learn and share knowledge on Advanced Wireless Communication, RF and Modern antenna applications. It provides a forum for exchange of ideas and authoritative views by Research Community from Industry& Academia from National and International fraternity. Outstanding keynote speakers and well-known leading scientists and experts drawn across the globe shared their knowledge. We endeavour to bring individuals from various fields, and to make a setting in which they can collaborate synergistically, and ideally make new logical outcomes.The conference leads to the conclusions that 21st century communications throw light on the challenges to system designers, manufacturers and researches in their field related to ingenious Wireless Communication, Space Technologies, Data Communication, RF, Antennas, Signal Processing and Robotic Communication. The Wireless meeting offers key insights into cutting-edge applications from global experts, start-ups, and the winners of World’s major innovation competitions for space applications. Over and above all, this conference opened new avenues and paved the pathways for the future generations by introducing innovative techniques and paradigms to face the challenges and transform into ‘opportunistic communications.We are sure that this conference will definitely trigger lively discussions and present researchers to new developments. Finally, we appreciated the experienced expertise and young researchers for bringing innovative ideas to our conference.List of Organizing Committee Members are available in this pdf.

Exploration on The Trinity Comprehensive Evaluation Model of Electromagnetic Field and Microwave Technology Course

With the deepening of education reform, the traditional teaching evaluation model in colleges and universities is no longer suitable for the development of the current era. For the majors of electronic science and technology and communication engineering, electromagnetic field and microwave technology are the two most important courses, and they are also important teaching contents to ensure the work effect of students after graduation, which is of great significance to the future development of students. In traditional teaching, the evaluation method of courses mainly adopts summative evaluation. The three-in-one comprehensive evaluation model combines formative evaluation and summative evaluation, and integrates the three evaluation elements of learning ability, practical ability, and comprehensive ability. Diversified evaluation model.

Application and development prospect of transmission technology in communication engineering

In recent years, with the continuous development of technology means, transmission technology in electronic technology communication engineering is gradually improved, and has been widely used and popularized, transmission technology can not only rapidly develop information expansion transmission functions, but also can be beneficial to meet people's needs on information access, transmission, understanding and so on. However, at present, the communication engineering application process still has some shortcomings in our transmission technology. In order to ensure that the communication engineering industry can develop scientifically, statically and for a long time, technical researchers make full use of the advantages of the transmission technology to solve the shortcomings in the application process and improve the shortcomings to fully optimize the value of the communication engineering technology. The transmission technology and communication engineering are really integrated.

A real-time hybrid testing based on shaking table and actuator for cable tray systems

For precisely disclosing the seismic performance of cable tray systems, one novel Real-Time Hybrid Testing based on Shaking Table and Actuator (RTHT-STA) is proposed in this paper. In the proposed method, one shaking table is used to simulate the ground motion, and one servo-hydraulic actuator controlled with displacement mode is set up on the shaking table for truly simulating the transverse shear boundary conditions between the numerical substructure and the experimental substructure of cable tray systems. The advantage of the proposed method is accurately realizing the loading requirements of high-precision large deformation on cable tray systems. The effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method are validated by numerical simulations and experimental tests. The experimental results show that the real-time hybrid testing system is stable and reliable. The correlation coefficients between the results of the proposed method and those of the traditional shaking table tests are higher up to 91.78%. The results indicate the effectiveness and the high accuracy of the proposed RTHT-STA for cable tray systems. The RTHT-STA provides an economical and precise investigation strategy for disclosing the seismic performance of cable tray systems and may have broad application prospects in the field of communication engineering and civil engineering.

Preface

4th National Conference on Communication Systems (NCOCS-2022) December 23rd, 2022 ABOUT THE CONFERENCE National Conference on Communication Systems (NCOCS-2022) is fourth in the series of conferences intended to be held every year at NITPY, aimed to disseminate knowledge on the latest technological developments and cutting-edge research in wireless communication, signal processing, antenna and RF design, optical communication, internet of things and sensor networks & electronics among academicians, researchers, scientists, industry personnel, and entrepreneurs across India. This conference will provide the premier interdisciplinary forum relevant with Electronics and Communication Engineering to discuss the recent technologies, innovations, recent research findings, challenges, solutions, and perspectives of the future directions of Communication Engineering through keynote lectures and paper presentations. Young researchers are encouraged to participate and utilize the opportunity to network with others who seek to develop their research abilities and experience. OBJECTIVE & SCOPE OF THE CONFERENCE The objective of the NCOCS 2022 is to provide a platform to perceive, share, and exchange the recent trends related to various aspects of Communication Engineering. The main aim of this conference is to bring together researchers, young faculties and practitioners working in multi-disciplinary fields to discuss and deliberate on challenges, opportunities and strategies involved for next-generation communication systems. The conference will provide a forum to academic researchers and practitioners to discuss critical issues concerning latest technologies towards 6G and mmWave communications. Conference Chairperson Dr. M. Surendar Assistant Professor, Department of ECE,National Institute of Technology Puducherry, Karaikal – 609 609, IndiaConference Website: https://sites.google.com/view/ncocs-2022/home?authuser=0List of Conference Committee is available in this Pdf.

Direct 3D microprinting of highly conductive gold structures via localized electrodeposition

Directly 3D-printed metal microstructures could enable hybrid micromanufacturing, combining conventional micromanufacturing with additive micromanufacturing (µAM). The microstructure’s material properties, including the electrical resistivity, are of decisive importance for a wide range of applications in microelectronics, high-frequency communication, and biomedical engineering. In this work, we present a room-temperature process for µAM of gold structures based on local electrodeposition. We demonstrate control of the electrodeposition process by regulating the precursor species supply rate through air pressure and by regulating the reaction rate through the electrodeposition potential. We 3D printed complex gold microscale structures and characterized the resistivity of the printed gold by developing hybrid devices with integrated four-point probe measurement capability. Additionally, we printed copper microwires, building on a previously shown copper µAM process, and characterized the copper resistivity. We demonstrate near-bulk resistivity values of 65 nΩ·m (about 2.5 times higher than bulk) and 19 nΩ·m (only 10% higher than bulk) for the gold and copper wires, respectively, without post-treatment. Microstructural analysis of the gold wires revealed a dense metal deposit free of voids. Finally, we printed gold structures on a pre-patterned substrate, paving the way to hybrid devices in which additive micromanufacturing is combined with existing micromanufacturing techniques.

IEEE ComSoc Women in Communications Engineering

IEEE Communications Society (ComSoc) is committed to taking on the path to position the Society as a leader in diversity, equity, and inclusion. Therefore, IEEE ComSoc signals its female members and the next generation of diverse engineers that it values their membership and participation in IEEE ComSoc activities. Women in Communications Engineering (WICE) is an IEEE ComSoc Standing Committee under the Member & Global Activities Council (MGA-C), and its mission is to promote the visibility and roles of women communications engineers and to provide a venue for their professional growth. In this President's Page, I am pleased to introduce Dr. Baek-Young Choi, the Chair of Women in Communications Engineering for 2022–2023, to share with us the status of WICE and related activities.

Proposal for an active whispering-gallery microclock

Optical atomic clocks with compact size, reduced weight and low power consumption have broad out-of-the-lab applications such as satellite-based geo-positioning and communication engineering. Here, we propose an active optical microclock based on the lattice-trapped atoms evanescently interacting with a whispering-gallery-mode microcavity. Unlike the conventional passive clock scheme, the active operation directly produces the optical frequency standard without the need of extra laser stabilization, substantially simplifying the clock configuration. The numerical simulation illustrates that the microclock’s frequency stability reaches at 1 s of averaging, over one order of magnitude better than the recently demonstrated chip-scale optical clock that is built upon rubidium vapor cell and also more stable than current cesium fountain clocks and hydrogen masers. Our work extends the chip-scale clocks to the active fashion, paving the way towards the on-chip quantum micro-metrology, for example, the optical frequency comparison and synchronization between multiple microclocks through frequency microcombs.

Diverse geometric shape solutions of the time-fractional nonlinear model used in communication engineering

The nonlinear perturbed Radhakrishnan-Kundu-Lakshmanan (RKL) equation is a significant model in the engineering field for analyzing data transmission through nonlinear optical fibers. The two-variable (ψ′/ψ,1/ψ)-expansion method is a reliable scheme to compute self-controlled solitary wave solutions. In this study, we have constructed a wide range of geometric shapes and further inclusive soliton solutions comprising rational, trigonometric, and hyperbolic functions and their integration to the stated equation, devising the acknowledged method. The physical details of the ensued solitary wave solutions and the effects of fractional parameters are explained by sketching three- and two-dimensional graphs. For the appropriate values of the parameters, the periodic, V-shaped, bell-shaped, compacton, singular periodic, flat bell-shaped, plane-shaped, and some other types of solitons are formulated. The effect of the fractional derivative has been demonstrated by plotting the two-dimensional graphs for different values of the fractional order. It is important to note that changes in physical and auxiliary parameters cause variations in the wave profile. The formerly described physical phenomena may be better understood using the standard and new types of solitons. The results obtained exhibit the effectiveness, compatibility, and reliability of the two-variable (ψ′/ψ,1/ψ)-expansion approach for extracting soliton solutions of fractional-order nonlinear evolution equations in science, technology, and engineering.

Toward Interdisciplinary Synergies in Molecular Communications: Perspectives from Synthetic Biology, Nanotechnology, Communications Engineering and Philosophy of Science.

Within many chemical and biological systems, both synthetic and natural, communication via chemical messengers is widely viewed as a key feature. Often known as molecular communication, such communication has been a concern in the fields of synthetic biologists, nanotechnologists, communications engineers, and philosophers of science. However, interactions between these fields are currently limited. Nevertheless, the fact that the same basic phenomenon is studied by all of these fields raises the question of whether there are unexploited interdisciplinary synergies. In this paper, we summarize the perspectives of each field on molecular communications, highlight potential synergies, discuss ongoing challenges to exploit these synergies, and present future perspectives for interdisciplinary efforts in this area.