Communication Engineering Research Articles

Quality Assessments on Different Mode of Teaching and Learning Delivery: Analysis of the Outcome-Based Education Activities in Communication Engineering Course

The Outcome-based Education (OBE) implementations in the higher learning institution have been significantly affected by the Covid-19 outbreak, but its progression from pandemic to endemic signals better health regulations and controls. This paper aims to examine the relationship between course Program Outcome (PO) attainment and students' perception of the basic communication engineering (ECM241) course. The utilized methods are PO measurement through assessments and final examination as well as a student’s satisfaction survey. The analysis is done for three different delivery modes: face-to-face, hybrid, and online delivery. Through the PO measurement, the results show that students mostly preferred the hybrid delivery mode due to the flexibility in its assessment and activities conducted, reduced facility usage, and time constraints for the course completion. The survey method also showed that most of the students are satisfied with the course content and all factors contributing to the course delivery. In conclusion, this subject is suitable to be conducted using the hybrid mode as compared to the conventional method. In the future, this research could be expanded by considering all subjects in the semester to access overall OBE achievement and students' satisfaction with the Electrical Engineering program.

Development Trend of Wireless Communication Engineering and Brief Analysis of 5G Technology

Development Trend of Wireless Communication Engineering and Brief Analysis of 5G Technology

Application of Modern Project Management in Communication Engineering

Application of Modern Project Management in Communication Engineering

Applications of Data Science in Respective Engineering Domains

Data Science is answerable to the every field of technology domain even it is Electronics and Communication Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Mechanical Engineering or Civil Engineering. For example in Civil Engineering following applications like Advance Predictions in construction works, Project risk Analysis, availability of water resources, Traffic forecasting and many more similarly we have many applications from Engineering Domain. Data Science approaches has adopted many technical techniques within the Engineering domain ranging from data analysis to neural network to deep learning and it has very vast variety of particular engineering domain solutions. Data scientists today draw largely from extensions of the “analyst” of years past trained in traditional disciplines. As data science becomes an integral part of many industries and enriches research and development, there will be an increased demand for more holistic and more nuanced data science roles.

Conditions for successful development of the mathematical component of the professional competence of students majoring in technical areas

Successful training of prospective communications engineers at a technical university requires strengthening the mathematical component of the developing professional competencies. The readiness to master such competencies begins long before entering a university and requires Math teachers at school and university to pay attention to all aspects of the problem, namely: initial mathematical training is the main foundation for the formation of a communications engineer, the level of school mathematical education should meet the requirements of the profession, only provided that the necessary level of basic mathematical training is formed, one can be sure of the quality of mastering professional competencies, first in the process of studying at the university, and then directly while performing work duties. The attention of the authors of the paper is focused on the joint actions of school and university teachers in this direction. In addition, the teaching of mathematics at the university also needs to explicitly highlight the existing connections in the mathematical content and methods of mastering it through the conscious application of various methodological techniques, in other words, the professional orientation of the mathematical training of communications engineers in the process of studying all sections of mathematics at the university is necessary. The paper proposes specific steps to solve this problem on the example of teaching mathematical courses to undergraduate students majoring in 11.03.02 Infocommunication technologies and communication systems at Povolzhsky State University of Telecommunications and Informatics.

Proper Definitions of Dirichlet Conditions and Convergence of Fourier Representations [Lecture Notes

Fourier theory is the backbone of signal processing (SP) and communication engineering. It has been widely used in almost all branches of science and engineering in numerous applications since its inception. However, Fourier representations such as Fourier series (FS) and Fourier transform (FT) may not exist for some signals that fail to fulfill a predefined set of Dirichlet conditions (DCs). We note a subtle gap in explaining these conditions as available in popular SP literature. For example, original DCs require a signal to have bounded variations (BVs) over one time period for the convergence of FS, where there can be, at most, a countably infinite number of maxima and minima and, at most, a countably infinite number of discontinuities of finite magnitude. However, a large body of the literature replaces this statement with the requirements of a finite number of maxima and minima over one time period, and a finite number of finite discontinuities over one time period. Due to the latter, some signals fulfilling the original DCs are incorrectly perceived as not having convergent FS (CFS) representation. A similar problem holds in the description of DCs for the FT. Likewise, although it is easy to relate the first DC with the finite value of FS or FT coefficients, the relevance of second and third DCs, as specified in SP literature, is hard to assimilate.

Using Signal-to-Noise Ratio to Explore The Cognitive Cost of The Detection Response Task

The Detection Response Task (DRT) is a standardized measure of cognitive load requiring manual responses to intermittent stimuli. Given its simplicity, it is hypothesized that its completion will not interfere with the primary task. However, recent studies challenge this assumption showing a definite cost of DRT performance. In this study we adopt signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), a measure commonly used in communication engineering: 1) to explore the cognitive cost of DRT 2) to compare the sensitivity of DRT performance and pupil size in measuring cognitive load. SNR was calculated using the data from a study wherein DRT performance and pupil size were recorded while participants completed increasingly difficult mental tasks. We conclude that DRT completion interfered with the overall cognitive task demand and showed pupil size’s greater sensitivity to changes in cognitive load. Though exploratory, our study advances using SNR as a powerful tool for data integration in HF/E research.

Picotesla magnetometry of microwave fields with diamond sensors.

Developing robust microwave-field sensors is both fundamentally and practically important with a wide range of applications from astronomy to communication engineering. The nitrogen vacancy (NV) center in diamond is an attractive candidate for such purpose because of its magnetometric sensitivity, stability, and compatibility with ambient conditions. However, the existing NV center–based magnetometers have limited sensitivity in the microwave band. Here, we present a continuous heterodyne detection scheme that can enhance the sensor’s response to weak microwaves, even in the absence of spin controls. Experimentally, we achieve a sensitivity of 8.9 pT Hz−1/2 for microwaves of 2.9 GHz by simultaneously using an ensemble of nNV ~ 2.8 × 1013 NV centers within a sensor volume of 4 × 10−2 mm3. Besides, we also achieve 1/t scaling of frequency resolution up to measurement time t of 10,000 s. Our scheme removes control pulses and thus will greatly benefit practical applications of diamond-based microwave sensors.

The Evolution of Communication Engineering in Iraq

This study aims to understand and interpret the evolution of communication engineering in Iraq. Communication strategies varied under the regime of Saddam Hussein, US invasion and modern era. Further, it discusses the current communication market landscape in Iraq. The research outcome focused on different communication modes and challenges faced by them over the period. Added to this, the research found that mobile communication using smart phone has seen exponential growth in Iraq. It was also found that Iraq government is strengthening its radar communication to support their armed forces. This paper is exploratory in nature and needed primary data to support.

Discussion on the Superiority of Wire Transmission Communication Technology and Improvement of Network in Communication Engineering

Discussion on the Superiority of Wire Transmission Communication Technology and Improvement of Network in Communication Engineering

The Application of 5G Mobile Communication Technology in Communication Engineering

The Application of 5G Mobile Communication Technology in Communication Engineering

Recent Advances in Artificial Intelligence for Wireless Internet of Things and Cyber–Physical Systems: A Comprehensive Survey

Advances in artificial intelligence (AI) and wireless technology are driving forward the large deployment of interconnected smart technologies that constitute cyber–physical systems (CPSs) and Internet of Things (IoT) for many commercial and military applications. CPS is characterized by communication, computing, and control engineering based on a large volume of data originating from various devices, plants, sensors, etc. Wireless technologies have enabled the ease of networking and communications for both CPS and IoT, by providing massive and critical connectivity and control mechanisms. However, they are prone to challenges, such as low latency, throughput, and scheduling. Recent research trends focus on how to intelligently use data from CPS units to enhance wireless connectivity in CPS. AI tools, particularly AI systems and machine learning (ML) algorithms, have been widely applied in the literature to develop efficient schemes for wireless CPS/IoT. This article presents a review on the role of AI in wireless networking for CPS and IoT. In particular, we focus on ML paradigms, such as transfer learning (TL), distributed learning, and federated learning, that have evolved as building blocks for the utilization of large data for learning, adaptation, and predictions in CPS and IoT systems that leverage wireless networking. Furthermore, we also highlight challenges faced by current and future wireless networks pertaining to CPS/IoT, which are yet to be addressed.

Wireless Communication Signals: A Laboratory-Based Approach

The book provides a comprehensive set of tools for communication engineers and interested researchers for the analysis and design of wireless systems by discussing not only the basic theory, but also modeling, computer simulation, and hardware testing of the various building blocks of modern communication systems. The code snippets throughout the book enable readers to attain hands-on experience by implementing them on software and observing the effect of various parameters on the performance of the system. While the book is not explicitly divided into different parts, there is a general harmony and progression in the way the chapters are arranged. Considering the broad scope of this book and its in-depth coverage of many practical issues regarding modern wireless communication systems, we believe that it can be used as a textbook or a valuable reference for a senior undergraduate or graduate-level laboratory-orientied course focusing on wireless digital communications. The book is organized in such a way that it can be used to support various wireless and/or digital communication courses from beginner to advanced levels, and can serve as a reference for research projects of both undergraduate and graduate students. More importantly, the models and codes introduced in this book are universal and can be used in conjunction with any software-defined radio platform. Considering all these, this book is a valuable resource for our community.

I-DTI, a Second-Opinion Platform Related to Organ Donation and Transplant Between Health Care Professionals.

The COVID-19 pandemic led to a decline in donation and transplant programs worldwide. Telehealth was explored as a strategy to continue organ procurement activity. The aim of this project was to develop and test I-DTI, an online medical platform for health care professionals specialized in the field of organ donation and transplant, that provides second-opinion consultancy and instant-messaging services. The Donation and Transplantation Institute (DTI Foundation), in collaboration with the developers of an operative communication engine (Medxat/Be-Hit), designed the I-DTI platform, via a web-based application. I-DTI contents were created by the DTI Foundation medical team and international experts in organ donation and transplantation. I-DTI was launched in 2020 in a 6-month pilot phase, in which hospitals from India (Kerala), Philippines, Trinidad and Tobago, and Sri Lanka were included. In the pilot phase, about 60 health care professionals were involved and >20 international experts were enrolled to respond to incoming inquiries. The following topics were considered for this review: organ donation, organ transplantation, transplant follow-up, tissue donation, and COVID-19. Data collected were entered anonymously into an encrypted database for academic purposes. A survey was then conducted for all users to improve its acceptance and feasibility. On average, the second-opinion service was consulted 2 times per week by the participants, and experts' opinions were delivered in <24 hours. An intuitive user interface led participants to use the messaging service daily. Active dissemination contributed to I-DTI growth, achieving 300 users from >20 countries within the first year. I-DTI has proved to be a feasible tool to support health care professionals, for knowledge exchange and communication, ensuring access to international best practices. Nevertheless, it is imperative that medical providers actively encourage the use of innovative solutions available, especially in the areas with restricted access to knowledge.

Wireless sensor networks a relevant tool for environmental development: A review

Information is critical, just as assessing the information available is equally important. The need to easily and quickly assess data securely, that could be processed for information as soon as they are available, is what communication engineers work towards every day. This paper is aimed at identifying areas where further work is needed. As such, a proper understanding of WSNs is needed and different definitions were looked at. Review of previous literatures and research were assessed, the characteristics and applications of WSNs were highlighted done. Finally, the design and topology problems that WSNs encounter as well as the advantages and disadvantages were considered. We then concluded that, the gap between technology and application can be bridged, by addressing these difficulties.

High-performance dual-band frequency-selective rasorber based on cascaded metasurface

Frequency-selective rasorbers (FSRs), which have absorptive and transmissive properties at different frequencies, are crucial in a wide range of applications in communication and radar engineering. However, the FSRs currently available usually exhibit a single high-performance transmission band, which cannot meet the rising demands for modern multiband communication/radar systems. In this article, we propose a dual-band frequency-selective rasorber that utilizes a cascaded metasurface and is designed with an equivalent circuit model and parameter optimization. In addition, a prototype dual-band frequency-selective rasorber is fabricated and characterized. Microwave measurements present two highly transparent peaks located near 11.5 and 17.5 GHz with an insertion loss of around 0.5 dB. Also, there are two absorption bands with absorptivities higher than 80% at 3.9–10.2 GHz and 13–15 GHz. Such low insertion loss for both transparent bands is achieved by optimizing the position of resistors through mode analysis. Our approach facilitates the manufacture of high-performance multi-band frequency-selective rasorbers for use in multi-band communication systems.

Analysis of Optical Points in Optical Fiber Communication Engineering

Analysis of Optical Points in Optical Fiber Communication Engineering

Artificial intelligence technology in electronic communication engineering for medical applications

In order to solve the problem of high frame error rate in electronic communication engineering, the application of artificial intelligence technology in electronic communication engineering is proposed. Taking LPWAN technology in artificial intelligence technology as an example, a new architecture is proposed to improve the security of wireless communication system of internet of things. The architecture is mainly composed of business layer, data processing layer, terminal access layer and communication technology layer. The experimental results show that the system configuration sends four kinds of information transmission instructions of “temperature, light, air pressure and humidity” every 30 s, and the receiving port collects the above command data continuously for 4 h, compared with the traditional architecture (15.6%), and the packet loss rate is 4%, which can effectively improve the throughput and processing efficiency of the system. The designed architecture runs stably, has low bit error rate, and can better support the wireless communication. It is proved that the new architecture with LPWAN technology as an example has large overall capacity and excellent performance of its electronic communication engineering interface. The frame number error rate is greatly reduced and the result of signal frame number is more accurate.

TEACHING ORIENTED BY STIMULATING STUDENTS' INTERNAL MOTIVATION -- FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF EDUCATIONAL EMOTION REGULATION

BackgroundWith the rapid development of communication technology, the communication industry has a strong demand for talents, which is reflected in the quantity and quality of talents. Students are required to have not only the theoretical knowledge of communication engineering, but also the professional knowledge of communication industry, the awareness of discovering and exploring problems, and the ability to solve practical problems. However, for a long time, influenced by the traditional teaching mode, communication engineering education has some problems, such as boring teaching materials, single teaching methods, outdated ideas and so on. Therefore, it is imperative to reform the teaching design and improve the quality of engineering education. Through the regulation of educational emotion, the communication engineering course is more conducive to cultivate the ability to find, explore and solve problems, which is an important research topic of the current communication engineering teaching reform.Subjects and methodsTaking the principle of communication as an example, from the perspective of educational psychology and through the method of educational observation, master the situation of students, especially their psychological characteristics. The situation of students includes knowledge structure, thinking characteristics, psychological characteristics and practical experience. According to the psychological characteristics of students, based on the result oriented educational theory and the starting point of teaching design, this paper analyzes the teaching objectives, teaching ideas, teaching methods and teaching feedback. The teaching goal is to expand students' knowledge base, improve students' ability, deepen students' cognition and enhance students' emotional experience. The teaching design is as follows. Firstly, the physical phenomenon of inter symbol interference in the received signal can be found through observation, and its main causes can be analyzed. Next, the system level mathematical model is established to naturally transition to the time domain condition without inter symbol interference, and the corresponding frequency domain condition is deduced. Finally, according to the above situation, guide the design of the communication system, evaluate the system performance, and refer to the performance balance design parameters required by the communication system. The basic idea of teaching is: “inter symbol interference phenomenon” → establish mathematical model → solve the time-frequency domain conditions for eliminating inter symbol interference → design communication system → evaluate performance → adjust system parameters “. At the same time, the study explored the role of this teaching method in emotional behavior regulation. This study used the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), which was compiled by Aaron T. Beck in 1985. It is a self-assessment scale with 21 items. The scale is scored with 4 grades, which mainly evaluates the degree of annoyance of subjects by a variety of anxiety symptoms. Suitable for adults with anxiety symptoms. It can accurately reflect the degree of subjective anxiety. Items and scoring criteria: Bai has 21 self-assessment items, taking the degree of subjects disturbed by a variety of anxiety symptoms as the evaluation index, using the 4-grade method. Its standard is “1”, which means none; “2” means mild without much annoyance; “3” means moderate, uncomfortable but tolerable; “4” means severe and can only be tolerated reluctantly; The scope of application of the scale Bai is mainly applicable to adults with anxiety symptoms. It can be used in psychological clinic, psychiatric clinic or inpatient.ResultsThe teaching process of communication principle was redesigned from the aspects of teaching ideas and teaching methods. Through problem introduction, video animation, mathematical modeling, “meta thinking method” and eye map, students can intuitively master the course content and make the abstract communication problems more specific. Obtain teaching feedback corresponding to teaching objectives. In fact, students with learning anxiety were examined with Bai and SAS (self rating anxiety scale, compiled by Zung in 1971), and the correlation analysis was carried out on the examination results. The correlation coefficient was 0.828. The results showed that there was a significant positive correlation between Bai and the total score of SAS objective evaluation. To prove the effectiveness of Bai in clinical application in China. Sensitivity and specificity: the authors took Bai ≥ 40 and ≥ 45 as positive respectively, and obtained the false positive rate, false negative rate, sensitivity and specificity to evaluate the evaluation effect of Bai on anxiety disorder. The results showed that when BSI ≥ 45 as the limit, its sensitivity (91.66%) and specificity (91.25%) were relatively balanced.Conclusionaccording to the psychological characteristics of students and based on the result oriented educational theory, optimize the teaching design of communication principle, improve the quality of communication engineering education and improve the cultivation of students' ability. This study is of great significance to cultivate talents needed by the communication industry.AcknowledgementsSupported by the project grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. U1633121) and the project grant from University of Science and Technology Course Fund (Grant No. KC2019SZ11).

Modulation instability analysis of Rossby waves based on (2 + 1)-dimensional high-order Schrödinger equation

Modulational instability is an important area of research with important practical and theoretical significance in fluid mechanics, optics, plasma physics, and military and communication engineering. In this paper, using multiscale analysis and a perturbation expansion method, starting from the quasi-geostrophic potential vortex equation, a new (2 + 1)-dimensional high-order nonlinear Schrödinger equation describing Rossby waves in stratified fluids is obtained. Based on this equation, conditions for the occurrence of modulational instability of Rossby waves are analyzed. Moreover, the effects of factors such as the dimension and order of the equation and the latitude at which Rossby waves occur on modulational instability are discussed. It is found that the (2 + 1)-dimensional equation provides a good description of the modulational instability of Rossby waves on a plane. The high-order terms affect the modulational instability, and it is found that instability is more likely to occur at high latitudes.