Communication Time Research Articles

Ghosted: Challenges to Conducting Qualitative Research in the Digital Era

Electronic forms of communication—including email, texting, and social media platforms—have increased the speed and ease of communication. Yet, a rise in non-response and ghosting (when someone ceases communication without an explanation) has been documented across contexts, from romantic dating to quantitative research studies. Surprisingly, the rise of electronic communication has received little attention in the methodological literature for qualitative researchers. Based on an analysis of virtual and face-to-face recruitment in two qualitative studies I conducted, I find that ghosting is a routine feature of digital recruitment. There are situational contexts in which ghosting is more common, including lags in the timing of communication and requests that are too overwhelming. “Old-school” methods, such as seeking sponsorship, strategizing outreach, and building rapport, can be adapted to help researchers capitalize on the benefits of electronic communication technologies in recruitment.

Analytical modeling of robustness and stochastic resilience of temporal small-world complex networks

This article explores the impact of online/offline node processes and Byzantine failures on the resilience of small-world network models, considering the lifetime of network nodes. We present novel analytical equations for estimating the expected communication time before user and network isolation, offering a unique perspective on network resilience through the lens of user behavior and involvement. Unlike most analyses focusing on stationary conditions, we employ network renewal processes to model these occurrences in temporal small-world networks where nodes can be online or offline. Our analytical equations, based on node lifetime distributions, shed light on the likelihood of network isolation under these conditions, offering valuable insights for optimizing network design and management. The validation of our analytical models through extensive simulations not only underscores their accuracy but also paves the way for a deeper understanding of temporal network behavior and resilience beyond the small-world paradigm.

Time-delay-aware power coordinated control approach for series hybrid electric vehicles

Series hybrid electric vehicles (S-HEVs) have attracted extensive attention thanks to the simple structure and excellent efficiency, which power transfer rely on high-voltage microgrids consisting of engine-generator set, battery, motor, and other actuators. However, with possible communication time delays (CTDs), the interaction between the actuators and control unit in terms of state and control command is desynchronize, resulting in the unstable operation of S-HEVs, such as engine stalls and bus voltage jitter. This presents a great challenge to the power coordinated control approach (PCCA) design that controls different actuators. Motivated by the mentioned above, this paper presents a time-delay-aware PCCA to achieve the stable driving of S-HEVs. First, an integrated powertrain control-oriented model that incorporates communication is built. Second, an increment model predictive control method (MPC) is designed. And then by leveraging the Lyapunov-Razumikhin stability theorem, a stability condition is derived by defining a parameterization weight matrix and known upper bound of CTDs, reducing the complexity of parameter designing. Additionally, an adaptive mechanism is designed to extend application of the proposed approach in unknown CTDs condition. Finally, the hardware-in-the-loop experiment is performed, and the results demonstrate that the presented approach in the mean and root mean square of the engine speed error and DC-bus voltage error decrease 39.87%, 43.85%, 44.67%, and 79.94% than nominal MPC in one period CTDs condition, respectively. And for the larger CTDs condition, the proposed method also shows efficient robustness. These substantiate that the proposed control method effectively improves vehicle running stability when encountering CTDs.

Efficient fabrication of a composite sponge for Cr(VI) removal via citric acid cross-linking of metal-organic framework and chitosan: Adsorption isotherm, kinetic studies, and optimization using Box-Behnken design

To establish a proficient technique for adsorbing Cr(VI) from water solutions, we altered silver metal-organic frameworks (Ag-MOF) by enveloping sulfadoxine within chitosan, producing a composite sponge referred to as NH2–Ag-MOF@CSC. The NH2–Ag-MOF@CSC composite sponge, synthesized and examined through SEM, XRD, FTIR, and BET, demonstrated a substantial surface area of 862.87 m2/g, as confirmed by these analyses. Following that, it was applied to wastewater systems as an adsorbent to eliminate Cr(VI) ions. The ideal adsorbent dose, temperature and pH were examined by means of batch mode research. High adsorption capacity and clearance efficiency were noted at pH 4, 0.02 g/25 mL dose, and 100 min for communication time. The Qmax adsorption capacity for Cr(VI) via the NH2–Ag-MOF@CSC composite sponge was 382.6 mg g−1. Both the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second order kinetics were adjusted to the process of adsorption. On the other hand, chemisorption was the adsorption method as the adsorption energy was 22.42 kJ mol−1. Thermodynamic calculations demonstrated that the removal of Cr(VI) was endothermic as well as spontaneous, exhibiting a positive ΔSo value indicating the disorder at the interface of the solid solution throughout the adsorption. Moreover, the ΔGo gets increasingly negative as the temperature rises. Examine how π-π interaction, hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interaction and pour filling, occur related to the mechanism of adsorption. This adsorbent was thought to be inexpensive because it could be used effectively for up to six cycles. Chemical stability was a key factor in reusability because the XRD pattern before and after regeneration could not be distinguished from one another. Furthermore, there was no change in the function group and the FT-IR remained stable. To optimize the adsorption outcomes, Box Behnken design was employed (BBD).

Adaptive Active Disturbance Rejection Control for Vehicle Steer-by-Wire under Communication Time Delays

In this paper, an adaptive active disturbance rejection control is newly designed for precise angular steering position tracking of the uncertain and nonlinear SBW system with time delay communications. The proposed adaptive active disturbance rejection control comprises the following two elements: (1) An adaptive extended state observer and (2) an adaptive state error feedback controller. The adaptive extended state observer with adaptive gains is employed for estimating the unmeasured velocity, acceleration, and compound disturbance which consists of system parameter uncertainties, nonlinearities, exterior disturbances, and time delay in which the observer gains are dynamically adjusted based on the estimation error to enhance estimation performances. Based on the accurate estimations of the adaptive extended state observer, the proposed adaptive full state error feedback controller is equipped with variable gains driven by the tracking error to develop control precision. The integration of the advantages of the adaptive extended state observer and the adaptive full state error feedback controller can improve the dynamic transient and static steady-state effectiveness, respectively. To assess the superior performance of the proposed adaptive active disturbance rejection control, a comparative analysis is conducted between the proposed control scheme and the classical active disturbance rejection control in two different cases. It is worth noting that the active disturbance rejection control serves as a benchmark for evaluating the performance of the proposed control approach. The results from the comparison studies executing two simulated cases validate the superiority of the suggested control, in which estimation, tracking response rate, and steering angle precision are greatly improved by the scheme proposed in this article.

Trajectory optimization for maximization of energy efficiency with dynamic cluster and wireless power for UAV‐assisted maritime communication

AbstractNowadays, the digital development of marine ranching requires a communication system with wide coverage, high transmission rate and stable communication links. It is known that fixed‐wing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have great advantages in long‐range applications. They have the potential to serve as low‐altitude communication platforms for maritime communication. In this study, with a developmental perspective, considering the intense growth of marine terminals in the future, a new clustering algorithm applied to cluster nonorthogonal multiple access (C‐NOMA) is proposed and its advantages are investigated. In addition, considering the limited energy of marine terminals, combining the wireless power communication (WPC) technology for the UAV to charge terminals, the charging and communication time are optimized with the Lagrange multiplier method and the bisection search method. After completing the above optimization content of charging and communication, combined with the optimization results, it is found the trajectory that maximizes the energy efficiency of the UAV with the convex optimization technique. Experimental results show that the proposed clustering algorithm has good throughput performance, better fairness and lower algorithm complexity, and the proposed trajectory optimization scheme has better energy efficiency.

Super capacitor and SSSC-based coordinated strategy for performance improvement of diverse source interconnected power system

In this work, the dynamical behavior of the dual area thermal-hydro-wind (DATHW) model of the interconnected power system (IPS) is investigated. For analysis, the area-1 of the DATHW system is laid with a disturbance in step load (SLD) of 10%. The investigation is carried out on the DATHW system under the supervision of the fractional order proportional-integral-derivative-filter (FOPIDN) controller optimized with the water cycle algorithm (WCA). However, the dominance of FOPIDN in regulating the DATHW system performance deviations is validated by other regulators. To get the research near practicality, the DATHW system is deliberated with communication time delays (CTDs). The CTDs is the inherit nature of the communication peripherals that are employed in the IPS network for providing the data exchange among various devices. Further, the supplementary control approach of super capacitors (SC) and static synchronous series compensators (SSSC) is adopted with the DATHW system for performance improvement. The supplementary control is implemented by integrating the SC in the control areas and the SSSC with the tie-line. Finally, we conducted the sensitivity test to reveal the efficacy of the suggested controller mechanism in this work.

Perceptions of Najran University Students on Utilization and Enhancing Soft Skills and Challenges

The study aims to identify the level of soft skills utilization among Najran University students and the challenges they face in developing these skills from their perspective. A descriptive-analytical approach was employed, where a list of soft skills was categorized into four classes, comprising a total of 37 skills from key competencies. A questionnaire was prepared to determine the importance of soft skills from the student's point of view, as well as to assess their satisfaction with their proficiency levels. In addition, it aimed to gauge their satisfaction with the methods and strategies used by the university in enhancing these skills and to identify the obstacles hindering their development. The survey was administered to 296 male and female students at Najran University. The results indicated that students highly valued the importance of soft skills. The ranking of soft skills categories, based on their importance to the students, was as follows: learning and life skills, effective communication skills, strategic planning and time management skills, and finally, leadership and teamwork skills. However, the results also revealed their dissatisfaction with their proficiency levels, as they expressed low satisfaction. Furthermore, they were dissatisfied with the methods and strategies employed by the university in developing these skills. Despite this, they strongly agreed that significant obstacles were preventing the development of these skills among them.

A Dynamic Task Scheduling Algorithm for Airborne Device Clouds

The rapid development of mobile Internet has promoted the rapid rise of cloud computing technology. Mobile terminal devices have greatly expanded the service capacity of mobile terminals by migrating complex computing tasks to run in the cloud. However, in the process of data exchange between mobile terminals and cloud computing centers, on the one hand, it consumes the limited power of mobile terminals, and on the other hand, it results in longer communication time, which negatively affects user QoE. Mobile cloud can effectively improve user QoE by shortening the data transmission distance, reducing the power consumption, and shortening the communication time at the same time. In this paper, we utilize the property that genetic algorithm can perform global search seeking the global optimal solution and construct a dynamic task scheduling model by combining the device-cloud link. The task scheduling model based on genetic algorithm and random scheduling algorithm is compared through comparison experiments, which show that the assignment time of the task scheduling model based on genetic algorithm is shortened by 11.82% to 48.51% and the energy consumption is reduced by 22.28% to 47.52% under different load conditions.

Network Traffic Monitoring and Real-time Risk Warning based on Static Baseline Algorithm

With the rapid growth of network traffic, in order to monitor network traffic, the author proposes a baseline based traffic inspection method. The main objective is to develop a global system for identifying malicious traffic, rather than a precise method for detecting the types of worms produced by malicious traffic. Although traffic is caused by the causes, network administrators can use this international search technique to detect malicious traffic data. The system based approach mainly includes designing time based on the traditional traffic model, detecting various equipments and network traffic process, and configuring the traffic flow according to each time frame. This method uses Cisco's NetFlow Collector, a NetFlow Collector (NFC), to collect raw NetFlow data transmitted by the device through UDP every 5 minutes. the Then, three-dimensional data such as communication port, communication time, and traffic flow (bytes or packets) is used to filter, remove the different values, calculate the base values, and compare the real-time results with the base values to check the traffic defects in the current network. If there are differences between the monitoring data and the system configuration at the same time, the system will issue an abnormal warning, and as time accumulates, the alarm level will gradually escalate.

Self-powered graphene/4H-SiC nanowire array-based ultraviolet photodetectors with fast response time and low dark current for promising wireless ultraviolet communication

Self-powered ultraviolet photodetectors (UV PDs) capable of detecting UV light signals without using an external power supply have become particularly attractive because of their high sensitivity, consistent optical response, ultra-small size, low energy consumption, and long-term robustness for the future. Here we reported a self-powered UV PDs coupling of two-dimensional (2D) single-layer graphene and one-dimensional (1D) 4H-SiC nanowire arrays. The fabricated PDs can feature an ultra-high on-off ratio of 6301 at 0 V and the 2D-1D architectural exhibits a low dark current of ∼4 pA, an ultra-fast response of 4.89 ms. The high performance was associated with the formed heterojunction between the 2D graphene and 1D 4H-SiC nanowire array and the high carrier mobility of the graphene. Moreover, the 2D-1D PDs with a large switching ratio and ultra-fast response time can be beneficial to achieve efficient, real-time, and accurate information transmission under 275 nm UV light, shedding some light on the development of high-performance wireless optical communication systems.

Thorough Characterization and Analysis of Large Transformer Model Training At-Scale

Large transformer models have recently achieved great success across various domains. With a growing number of model parameters, a large transformer model training today typically involves model sharding, data parallelism, and model parallelism. Thus, the throughput of large-scale model training depends heavily on the network bandwidth since a combination of model sharding and multiple parallelism strategies incurs various costs. However, prior characterizations of transformer models on high-bandwidth DGX machines that use TFLOPS as a metric may not reflect the performance of a system with lower bandwidth. Furthermore, data and model parallelism reveal significantly distinct training profiles on different system bandwidths at scale and, thus, need a thorough study. In this paper, we provide a bottom-up breakdown of training throughput into compute and communication time, and quantitatively analyze their respective influences on overall end-to-end training scaling. Our evaluation involves an in-depth exploration of data parallelism, scaling up to 512 GPUs with limited bandwidth, and examines three model sharding strategies among six model sizes. We also evaluate three combinations of model parallelism on both high and low bandwidth supercomputing systems. Overall, our work provides a broader perspective on large-scale transformer model training, and our analysis and evaluation yield practical insights for predicting training scaling, shaping the future development of supercomputing system design.

Mother's Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Speech Delay Prevention in Children: A Cross-sectional Study in Pantai Labu Health Center of Deli Serdang Regency

Background: The term speech delay is a disorder of speech delay which is classified as an expressive language disorder or with difficulty expressing, which occurs in early childhood. The lack of communication time between young children and their parents or peers can affect their language skills. Objective: To find out whether there is a relationship between mother's knowledge and attitudes regarding preventing speech delay in children aged 1-3 years. Method: This research uses descriptive analytical research with a cross-sectional research design. The population used was all mothers who had children aged 1-3 years with a total sample of 111 people, and the sampling technique was the Non- Probability Sampling technique. Results: The results of the Chi-square test statistic showed a p-value = 0.00. With a 95% confidence level ∝ = 0.05. This means that there is a relationship between maternal knowledge and the prevention of speech delay in children aged 1-3 years in the Pantai Labu Health Center, Deli Serdang Regency. The statistical test results of the Chi-square test showed a p-value = 0.00. With a 95% confidence level ∝ = 0.05. This means that there is a relationship between the mother's attitude and the prevention of speech delay in children aged 1-3 years in the Pantai Labu Health Center. Conclusion: It is hoped to provide support and information to mothers to find out their child's language development and detect early if there are problems with their language development (speech delay).

Design of optimized flatness based active disturbance rejection controller for communication time delayed hybrid microgrid

In an islanded hybrid microgrid, frequency deviation is caused by the intermittent nature of renewable resources and load variations. Maintaining nominal frequency requires the secondary controller to send a signal to the controllable energy sources so that supply and demand are synchronized. Time delays in the system's communication channels, however, can reduce its efficiency. To compensate for the system uncertainties, modeling error and variant nature of renewable resources, an optimized flatness based active disturbance rejection controller have been proposed. Mitigating the effects of communication delay in the system and to synchronize the inputs to the extended state observer, a smith predictor based low pass filter is employed. Furthermore, an improved beluga whale optimization (IBWO) technique is employed to tune the proposed controller gains. The comparative analysis of the proposed IBWO is performed with existing algorithms. Moreover, the proposed controller superiority over the standard PID and LADRC approach has been investigated by perturbation in renewable resources, uncertainty in parameters, variation and mismatch in communication delay. Simulation results provide the testimony for the efficient performance of the designed controller. Lastly, the proposed controller is further evaluated in multi microgrid environment.

Assessment of the informed consent related to healthcare decisions for medically fragile child in italy: a pilot study.

In Italy, the law n. 219/2017 regarding informed consent states that "Communication time between doctor and patient constitutes treatment time". Legal guardian is designated as a proxy to consent on the child's behalf. The issue of proxy informed consent should be approached with a model for parent-child decision-making that is participatory, collaborative, respects and supports the autonomy of child by recognizing their evolving capacities. We aim to assess the informed consent related to healthcare decisions for medically fragile child, using the MacArthur Competence Assessment Tool for Treatment (MacCAT-T). An observational study has been conducted at a Child Neuropsychiatry Service, administering a semi-structured interview with customized questionnaire to examine their capacities in four areas of the MacCAT-T. Results were evaluated with the Pearson correlation coefficient for the cognitive and adaptive levels of the Wechsler-Intelligence-Scale-for-Children (WISC-IV) and the Vineland-Adaptive-Behavior-Scales-II (VABS-II). The MacCAT-T domains Understanding, Appreciation, Reasoning, Expressing a Choice were correlated with the cognitive and adaptive levels of the WISC-IV and the VABS-II. Understanding, Appreciation and Expressing a choice have positive correlation with the Communication and Socialization scores of VABS-II; Reasoning has positive correlation with the Working-Memory-Index scores of the WISC-IV. The study enabled to assess the informed consent processes in vulnerable children and although demonstrating how they participate in their care process in a mostly unconscious way, making the frail children more involved in their own care process was possible. Future studies should assess the impact of incorporating MacCAT-T into standard informed consent in other settings.

Personal development in the school organization in the context of new educational paradigms

Modernity, but also the processes it involves simultaneously: the continuous increase in the complexity of technology and the volume of information, the changes in the labor market, the poor management of time for relationships and communication, continuously threaten the personal balance of man as part of the new society. Personal development represents a current trend in all aspects of social life and implicitly in its fundamental level, education. A highlighting of the integration of personal development at the level of the education system will capture the implications generated among teachers and school managers as well as the need to implement programs designed to support personal development as part of professional evolution and success, as a benefit that gives meaning and relevance to the didactic and managerial activity, which will facilitate overcoming the challenges that occur in the process of social changes and educational paradigms, but also in relations with other educational actors and with oneself.

Study of MOS and IGBT transistors at switching with variable duty cycle

In this paper, the functionality of MOS and IGBT transistors is examined under identical working conditions, both in terms of command frequency and load circuit. A variable duty cycle and variable frequency signal generator is used to control transistors. Various electronic components and Arduino-UNO modules, as well as the 16×2 LCD screen, were used to create the signal generator. The control signal is amplified by a current amplifier to adapt the output voltage to the value required to control the transistors. The operation of MOS and IGBT transistors at various operating frequencies with resistive or inductive loads is compared. Thus, the communication times of the transistor capsules were determined at various operating temperatures. The temperature was determined indirectly by connecting a thermistor to the transistor capsule.

Chronotopes of didactic communication in modern university

Introduction. The article is devoted to the scantily explored problem of (re) organization of spatial-temporal (chronotopic) aspects of didactic communication in a modern university. The author notes the fact that researchers rarely address this problem.Purpose setting. The purpose of the research is to introduce the concept of the chronotope of didactic communication and describe the leading modes structuring the chronotope of didactic communication in a modern university.Methodology and methods of the study. The research method is a theoretical analysis of chronotopes of didactic communication in a modern university. The initial theoretical premise of the study is the idea of a complex, systemic nature of didactic communication, in which spatial and temporal characteristics are associated with the very organization of educational and pedagogical interactions in a modern university and influence the choice of educational forms and methods of impact.Results. There is a high importance of factors of space and time of educational interaction in the ideas of teachers and students regarding didactic communication in a modern university. The fact of the influence of spatial and temporal features of educational interaction on the process of understanding the subject content by students and on the very organizational scheme of didactic interactions in a modern university is noted.Conclusion. Chronotopes of didactic communication are systems of spatial and temporal organization of didactic communication, correlation of physical and psychological spaces and time of didactic communication, management of psychological mechanisms of orientation of participants of educational interaction in space and time of didactic communication. These systems are different for traditional and modern educational systems, the development of university professional education is in the direction of greater consideration of the psychological space and time of didactic interaction.

Patient Satisfaction Levels in One of the Private Hospital in Padang City

Improving patient care is a priority for health service providers, with the aim of achieving optimal levels of patient satisfaction. Based on patient satisfaction data, the level of patient satisfaction in 2022 still doesn't meet the minimum service standard. It was also found that there were many complaints about the services provided at outpatient clinics. This research aims to determine the level of patient satisfaction based on satisfaction indicators and analyze which attributes are priority problems. The research method uses a sequential explanatory method. Data was obtained from 167 respondents and nine informants. Data analysis uses descriptive analysis and Cartesian diagrams. Qualitative research was carried out using in-depth interviews, observations, and reviews of related documents. Research results showed that the level of patient satisfaction was 72.5%. Based on the five dimensions of service quality, the level of patient satisfaction was found to not meet service standards. There are four main priority problems to be addressed: service registration procedures, inappropriate arrival times for doctors, staff attitudes and communication that aren't optimal, and waiting times for medicines that don't meet standards. It was concluded that the level of patient satisfaction still doesn’t meet the minimum service standards. Keywords: Outpatient care, patient satisfaction, service quality

Communication Management and Data Compression Algorithm Design of BeiDou Transparent Transmission Terminal for Argo Buoy

The Argo buoy detects marine environmental data by making profile movements in the ocean and transmits the profile detection data to the shore base through the communication terminal. However, due to the large volume of data collected from profile detections and the continuous operation of the terminal, the remote communication of buoys is characterized by lengthy communication times and significant power consumption. A low-power Beidou transparent transmission terminal is designed to solve these problems in this paper. The terminal performs low-power operation management and power management for terminal remote communication. After the end of a communication process, the microcontroller turns the Beidou module power off and enters STOP mode. Before the next communication process begins, the serial port wakes up the microcontroller, which powers up the Beidou module. Before the remote communication, the microcontroller compacts the profile detection data collected by the buoy to reduce the quantity of remote communication data. In this paper, a variety of data compression methods are used to compare the compression rate, and the best compression method is selected according to the format characteristics of the data. The results show that the Beidou transparent transmission terminal of the Argo buoy can realize low power consumption for remote communication in ocean exploration. The terminal reduces power consumption by 77.282% per communication, and the average number of remote communications for each profile detection data are reduced by 55 times. The low-power Beidou transparent transmission terminal improves the battery life and is conducive to the long-term operation of the buoy.