Communication Sessions Research Articles

Inspiring our future psychiatrists: a quality improvement project to optimise the medical student experience in community CAMHS settings

AimsTo improve the structure, quality and experience of medical student placements in Community Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS). To increase the likelihood of pursuing a career in Psychiatry or CAMHS by 50% over their 3 week placement.BackgroundThere is evidence in the literature of the widely variable medical student experiences when it comes to Psychiatry placements. Medical students from Kings’ College London (KCL) have a 3 week placement in Lambeth Community CAMHS services. Despite this being a good opportunity for learning and development, the feedback from students reports that they often feel lost and were unable to fulfil the potential of the placement. The main challenges reported were identifying beneficial educational experiences and gaining clinically relevant exposure. This exposure includes getting involved beyond observation and following a patient longitudinally. These challenges will likely have a knock-on effect on their attitude towards Psychiatry and overall enjoyment of CAMHS placements when there is already a struggle to recruit trainee Psychiatrists.MethodA structured and immersive educational placement was designed through consultation with previous students, the multidisciplinary team and the university program directors. This included: •A new induction•Having a role in initial assessments of young people•Formalised medical and psychology teaching•Communication sessions•Case discussions in a ‘grand round’ format providing opportunity for end of placement assessmentFeedback was gathered using the Qualtrics analytical software, which was easily accessible through student's mobile devices.Pre placement questionnaires were used to assess the student's initial level of knowledge, expectations from the placement and motivation or interest in a career in CAMHS. Post placement questionnaires were used to assess any change in the above baseline scores. Brief, online feedback was collected after every clinical activity and was used to assess the interest and utility of each attended session during the placement. The questionnaire feedback was analysed and using these data, adjustments were made to improve the program for the next students in a “Plan-Do Study-Act” quality improvement methodology format. We analysed whether improving placement experience and learning affected students’ interest in careers in Psychiatry.ResultThe Quality Improvement Project is currently on-going and results are pending. So far, there is an improvement in student attendance and engagement following the introduction of induction, structure and active involvement in case management.ConclusionThe COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in community services having significantly reduced face to face contact, therefore our proposed changes for future cycles include various virtual elements. Ensuring medical students have access to online platforms such as Microsoft teams is vital in ensuring an effective medical student placement can be established Although the change to more remote working has been challenging , it is vital that medical students gain appropriate clinical experience during their Psychiatry placement to support further developments in Psychiatric recruitment.

Performance evaluation of massively parallel and high speed connectionless vs. connection oriented communication sessions

In this paper we focus on the fast communication issues of the Big Data processing tasks shared between High Performance Computing systems. In our performance evaluation framework we designed and developed two traffic measurement tools in order to answer some theoretical questions related to congestion control in practice. The first one is based on iperf and tcpdump softwares to capture data flows of TCP and UDP sessions. Classification aspects of the measurement cases were: homogeneity of the traffics, number of parallel communication sessions, and implementation types of the TCP congestion control algorithm. Dozens of parallel traffic scenarios were executed in a dumbbell topology to evaluate effects of the massively parallel communication sessions in wireline local and metropolitan area networks. Since we found that connection oriented data transfer sessions have limited performance features during communication, we implemented a second communication tool named Fast Manager of File Transfer (FMFT). This application with transfer rate monitoring and regulation capability is based on parallel connectionless data transfer sessions supervised by a common connection oriented control session and provides better transfer rate than the classical file transfer mechanisms using TCP services. Methodology of the statistical analysis and highlights of this heterogeneous parallel communication mechanism are explained, too.

5G New Radio channel coding for messaging in Smart Grid

The integration of the fifth generation of mobile communications (5G) into the distribution network has the potential to empower Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) and Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) applications, thus further advancing the concept of Smart Grid (SG). This paper analyzes the compatibility of 5G-NR (New Radio) standard-recommended coding schemes: Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) and Polar coding with message formats for generalized AMI and PMU communication recommended by standards IEEE Std 1703 and IEEE Std C37.118.2, respectively. Two standard-defined examples of communication sessions have been considered to determine the required 5G-NR transmission channel and associated coding scheme to be used for AMI and PMU-specific messages. The corresponding simulations have been performed following the specifics and boundaries defined by communication standards for 5G, AMI, and PMUs. In the AMI use case, simulation results indicate LDPC code superiority leading to the recommendation to be used for all message formats. PMU use case results reveal the Polar code application benefits for command messaging and its potential to be used for data messaging instead of LDPC code, which would require future adjustments of PMU data message format and further research on latency issues.

SYNTACTICAL CONVERSATIONAL ERRORS: DOCUMENTATION ON DELIVERY OF COMPETENT IN DIVERGENT SITUATIONS

The target of this study is to reach the most recurrently occurring syntactical errors committed by competent who are affiliated with language field. English in Pakistan is calculated as an official and academics language as is in many countries. The main intension behind conducting this type of research is to explore unintentional speaking errors committed by learner. In Pakistan, distinct languages are spoken, if English is spoken in Sindh, it is spoken as second language or third language, as mother tongue is Sindhi and national language is Urdu, same is in Punjab and in other provinces of Pakistan. Hence, there is an impact of each first language on target language. Resultantly, it shows some errors, it may be syntactical errors, grammatical or phonological errors. In this study, error analysis theory, by Gas & Selinker in 2008 through different phases named, 1: collecting data 2: identifying errors 3: classifying error4: quantifying error 5: analyzing errors 6: remediation was used as framework.15 professionals were selected randomly with probability sampling. Communication sessions were conducted with them with semi-structured based interviews. This study deals with qualitative descriptive approach. After applying CICQAR process of error identifier, it is found that even professionals make syntactical error in their communication, most common error was found structural and tenses errors, that speaker does sometimes unintentionally. Researchers have identified and gave suggestions that how to overcome these errors? Findings of this study show that during communication many intentional and unintentional errors occur, these errors may be due to little cognizance of grammar, structure of the sentence or it may happen deliberately.

Необходимость изменения конструкции следственных действий, направленных на получение сведений, передаваемых по средствам связи

Abstract: Relevance of the research topic. The obvious trend of social activity was the digitalization of almost all aspects of people’s lives, which led to a sharp increase in information transmitted in digital (electronic) form. The Criminal Procedure Law provides for investigative actions aimed at obtaining this information for subsequent use in criminal evidence. However, some changes to the law are not quite systemic, are not supported by theoretical studies, which complicates law enforcement practice, forms the prerequisites for violating the uniformity of application of the law, and infringement of the rights of participants in criminal procedure. Problem setting. The constant improvement of the means of communication objectively leads to an expansion of their scope. In response, the legislator designs investigative actions that allow obtaining information transmitted by means of communication. However, some legislative decisions could not be considered optimal. Thus, having fixed in Art. 185 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation the possibility of obtaining information transmitted by e-mail, the legislator did not take into account that this norm applies only to postal operators. In addition, since 2018, telecommunication operators have been required to record and store the content of all communication sessions served by them. However, these provisions are not taken into account in the criminal procedure law, which establishes another procedure for obtaining information. Research objectives and methods. The purpose of the study is to develop proposals for improving the normative design of investigative actions aimed at obtaining information transmitted by means of communication. The tasks of the study are to analyze the provisions of the Criminal Procedure Law and the legislation on communication, to identify conflicts between them. The methodological basis of the study was the dialectical-materialistic method, as well as the general scientific methods of scientific knowledge: analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, formal-logical, systemic. Results and key findings. To eliminate the resulting collision, it is necessary to design a universal investigative action that allows you to obtain information transmitted by telecommunication means, both the content of negotiations and the billing parameters of the connection.

An investigation into the effectiveness of various professionals and behavior modification programs, with or without medication, for the treatment of canine aggression

In this follow up study, we investigate a subset of 963 dogs whose owners (n = 800) described as having at least one form of aggressive behavior. We were particularly interested in learning which types of professionals, if any, were sought for assistance for the presenting behavior. Owners were also asked to indicate the resolutions employed, including training methods and equipment, behavior modification programs, behavior modification and training techniques, medications, and forms of alternative medicine. Using a self-reported questionnaire, both cohesive and dispersive aggressive behaviors were investigated including conflict aggression (CA), interdog housemate aggression (HA), fear aggression toward people (FA), fear aggression toward dogs (FAD), and predatory aggression (PA). Fifty-three percent of dogs with reported aggressive behaviors were mixed breeds. The study sample was 56% male, a majority (91%) of which was neutered. Most commonly, the dogs with reported aggressive behaviors were the sole dog in the household. Fifty-six percent of dogs were brought to at least one professional for remedial assistance. Of the owners that sought help from a DACVB, a majority (81%) found the advice to be helpful for treating their dog's aggression. Fifteen percent of dogs brought to veterinarians for advice about behavior problems were found to have an underlying medical problem contributing to the dog's misbehavior. As far as training equipment was concerned, we found that anti-bark collars and muzzles decreased the probability for successful treatment of aggression. Thirty-six percent of dogs were exposed to behavior modification programs as a form of treatment and an association was found between employment of a systematic desensitization and counterconditioning for treatment of overall aggression. When employing behavior modification training techniques, response blocking was found to decrease probability for improvement when employed for treatment of fear aggression to other dogs and predatory aggression. Improved dog-owner communication, habituation, relaxation protocols, and short and frequent training sessions were the most consistently beneficial behavior modification techniques. At least one beneficial behavior modification technique was identified for each investigated form of aggression. Twenty-one percent of dogs received medication as a form of treatment for aggression. Surprisingly, we failed to find any significant associations between treatment response and the administration of specific medications. When investigating alternative medicines, we found nutraceuticals to be helpful when treating overall aggression.

An adaptive and distributed network selection mechanism for 5G networks

5G networks aim to support a vast amount of data exchange, through network densification, including the integration of multiple radio access technologies (RATs) under a unified radio access and core network. This integration creates a heterogeneous environment where end devices dynamically select the most suitable RAT for consuming a service via a new or even an ongoing communication session. This paper proposes a distributed and adaptive network selection mechanism to address this challenge. The proposed mechanism comprises two co-operating algorithms, one located at the user equipment (UE), and the other at the core network. Its main objective is to satisfy user preferences regarding monetary cost, quality of service, security, energy consumption etc., while safeguarding an operator's traffic engineering policy to avoid congestion. A key feature of the mechanism is the use of a dynamic threshold used to find the sweet spot between a well-balanced access network and maximizing the number of user sessions placed into their most preferred RAT. This threshold is adjusted in real time according to the experienced network conditions. Extensive network performance and quality of experience simulations show that the proposed mechanism accomplishes its objectives and can be used to provide efficient traffic steering decisions.

Exploiting Beam Features for Spoofing Attack Detection in mmWave 60-GHz IEEE 802.11ad Networks

Spoofing attacks pose a serious threat to wireless communications. Exploiting physical-layer features to counter spoofing attacks is a promising solution. Although various physical-layer spoofing attack detection (PL-SAD) techniques have been proposed for conventional 802.11 networks in the sub-6GHz band, the study of PL-SAD for 802.11ad networks in 5G millimeter wave (mmWave) 60GHz band is largely open. In this paper, to achieve efficient PL-SAD in 5G networks, we propose a unique physical layer feature in IEEE 802.11ad networks, i.e., the signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) trace obtained at the receiver in the sector level sweep (SLS) process. The SNR trace is readily extractable from the off-the-shelf device, and it is dependent on both transmitter location and intrinsic hardware impairment. Therefore, it can be used to achieve an efficient detection no matter the attacker is co-located with the legitimate transmitter or not. To achieve spoofing attack detection, we provide two methods based on different machine learning models. For the first method, the detection problem is formulated as a machine learning classification problem. To tackle the small sample learning and fast model construction challenges, we propose a novel neural network framework consisting of a backpropation network, a forward propagation network, and generative adversarial networks (GANs). Another method involves a Siamese network, in which the similarity between sample pairs from one device is used to achieve PL-SAD. It can tackle the training problem that the historical data cannot support the identification of the same device in a new communication session. We conduct experiments using off-the-shelf 802.11ad devices, Talon AD7200s and MG360, to evaluate the performance of the proposed PL-SAD schemes. Experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed PL-SAD schemes, and the detection accuracy can reach 99% using small sample sizes under different scenarios.

A mutual authentication scheme for establishing secure device-to-device communication sessions in the edge-enabled smart cities

Internet of Things (IoT) and edge-enabled networking infrastructures have been used to provide data processing capabilities at the edge rather than transferring it to the concerned cloud in the smart cities. However, security and privacy of both data and device Ci are among common issues associated with the edge-enabled IoT networking paradigm. Numerous edge-enabled mechanisms have been presented in literature to resolve these issues, but device-to-device authentication (preferably in multi-hop enabled networking) to resolve the black-hole issue is not addressed yet. In this paper, a mutual authentication scheme, a hybrid of Medium Access Control (MAC) address and EAODV-enabled scheme, for establishing secure device-to-device communication sessions in IoT networks is presented to make edge-enabled smart cities safe and secure. Every device Ci is bounded to register its Mac address with the concerned base station or edge module Sj in an off-line phase to prevent entry of the intruder device(s) in the operational edge-enabled IoT network. Moreover, the initiation of a proper communication session with both device Ci and edge or base station Sj is subjected to the authentication process. Only those devices Ci are allowed to initiate a communication session which are already registered in the off-line phase where entry of the intruder node(s) at any stage is not possible. Apart from it, a well-known encryption and decryption mechanism is used to guarantee a secure communication session. Simulation results have verified that the proposed mutual authentication scheme performance is better than existing schemes specifically in terms of processing and communication overheads.

ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ЗАВАНТАЖЕННЯ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНОЇ МЕРЕЖІ В УМОВАХ ДИСТАНЦІЙНОЇ ОСВІТИ І ДИСТАНЦІЙНОГО МОНІТОРИНГУ

Розглянута методика оцінювання пропускної спроможності каналів зв’язку і маршрутизації інтернет-пакетів в умовах дистанційного навчання. Виконано дослідження медіа сервісних платформ Microsoft Teams, Google Zoom та Skype. Особливістю методики є поєднання прямих і непрямих методів оцінювання пропускної спроможності каналів зв’язку. Застосування даної методики надає змогу провести оцінку існуючих на ринку рішень для реалізації дистанційної освіти. Це дозволяє зробити висновок щодо доцільності використання описаних вище сервісів для дистанційного навчання. В підсумку таке дослідження допомагає оцінити завантаженість каналів та ефективність роботи дистанційного моніторингу віддалених об’єктів коли часова затримка в доставці інформації має суттєве значення. Результати експерименту показали, що в цілому розглянуті платформи дуже схожі в режимі розмови з використанням тільки голосового трафіку. Бітрейт в цьому випадку коливається в діапазоні 100-130 Kбіт/с. Суттєва розбіжність між платформами спостерігається під час сеансу зв’язку з використанням відео трафіку. Відмінності між платформами в бітрейті для цього випадку складають більше 90% (в окремих випадках понад 100%). Дослідження показало, що заванженість інтернет-каналу в б удні д ні з більшувалась після десятої години дня. Платформа Microsoft Teams забезпечує найкращу якість відео зображення. За якістю звуку не відзначено відмінностей між платформами. Загальні рекомендації при організації он-лайн телевізійної трансляції полягають в наступному: для голосового трафіку можна обрати будь-яку з запропонованих платформ, через те що розбіжність їх характеристик незначна; для організації відео зв’язку доцільніше використовувати сервіс Google Zoom; для організації сеансу зв’язку з демонстрацією екрану краще всього обрати медіа платформу Microsoft Teams. Проведені дослідження дозволили оцінити навантаження яке виникає під час сеансу зв’язку. Результати експерименту показали, що медіа платформа Google Zoom при рівній якості зв’язку створює менше навантаження на магістральні інтернет-канали. Технічним результатом отриманим в даній роботі є створення інструментарію для вибору оптимальної медіа платформи для організації дистанційного зв’язку.

МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ СВЕРХПЛОТНЫХ СЕТЕЙ РАДИОДОСТУПА 5G С ДИАГРАММООБРАЗОВАНИЕМ

In this paper, we investigate the connectivity and probability of successful radio reception in the Poisson model of a 5G ultra-dense radio access network formed by devices with the possibility of location aware beamforming. The difference be-tween the proposed model and the existing prototypes is the complex account for the gains of devices, as well as the influence of radio wave propagation losses, slow and fast fading in the radio channel on the performance of the radio access network. The study is carried out for sessions of directional and omni-directional radio communication, and the beamforming mode is based on the preliminary positioning of neighboring devices. Mathematical modeling of a set of simultaneously operating radio lines in the Poisson model of an ultra-dense 5G radio access network makes it possible to estimate the gain in connectivity and the probability of successful radio reception when forming a beam based on preliminary positioning of devices in comparison with the case of omnidirectional antennas. The results of mathematical modeling of a ultra-dense radio access network with devices equipped with six-element circular antenna arrays showed a significant increase in connectivity indicators and the probability of successful radio reception in comparison with the case of omnidirectional antennas and confirmed the possibility of spatial multiplexing of simultaneous transmissions with a territorial separation of devices on 20% of the range of radio coverage based on the signal-to-noise ratio criterion. The result of the study is the establishment of the dependences of the connectivity and the probability of successful radio reception for an ultra-dense 5G radio access network, built on the basis of devices operating in the adaptive diagramming mode, as well as confirmation of the possibilities of spatial multiplexing of simultaneously operating transceiver devices with their territorial separation by 20% of the range of radio coverage based on the signal-to-interference ratio criterion. The obtained dependences of connectivity and the probability of successful radio reception allows to scientifically substantiate construction of an initial approximation of ultra-dense 5G radio access network from devices with the possibility of beamforming based on positioning, taking into account practical recommendations for their territorial diversity with an ultra-dense distribution.

Trusted communication session approaches and tools application for the safe operation of hypervisors in virtualization systems

Trusted communication session approaches and tools application for the safe operation of hypervisors in virtualization systems

Promoting English Speaking Confidence through Online Expanding Circle Communication

This study explores how expanding circle communication (i.e., intercultural communication between “non-native” speakers of English) boosts the confidence of Japanese EFL learners by developing a positive attitude toward their own English. Japanese, Chinese and Vietnamese university students participated in four sessions of online discussion. Since the idea of “English as an International Language” (EIL) is considered as a key to promote the learners’ positive mindset for what had been considered “non-native” English varieties and boost the confidence in their own English, it was introduced in the reading activities in each session. After the completion of four intercultural communication sessions, reflective writings on two questions asking 1) their self-confidence in speaking English and 2) their attitude about EIL were collected. The result shows that the expanding circle communication brought the Japanese participants to raise their confidence in speaking English in relatively high percentage (73%) of all cases. Regarding the attitude on EIL, on the other hand, students were divided into two groups with the negative (43%) and positive (57%) attitude. In this study, therefore, the gap in the percentage between the participants’ confidence in speaking English and attitude on EIL was examined and discussed.

Descriptive model for distributed element synchronization digital radio networks of the IEEE 802.11s and IEEE 802.11p standards

Today, the basic radio communication standards for building self-organizing networks such as MANET, VANET and FANET are IEEE 802.11s and IEEE 802.11p. The link layer is responsible for establishing and conducting a communication session in these networks. It includes a variety of procedures, the main of which are synchronization procedures, random multiple media access, reserved media access and transmitter power control of network elements. Moreover, in digital radio communication networks of the IEEE 802.11 standards family, both centralized synchronization and distributed synchronization of such network elements are used. However, in digital radio networks of the IEEE 802.11s and IEEE 802.11p standards, the key procedure for establishing and conducting a communication session is the distributed synchronization of the network data elements. It should be noted that there is no descriptive model of distributed synchronization of the IEEE 802.11s and IEEE 802.11p standards digital radio communication network elements, taking into account these standards features. All elements of the IEEE 802.11s and IEEE 802.11p digital radio network send Beacons on a competitive basis. This occurs cyclically at the start of the repeating sync interval. In this regard, the occurrence of three events is possible: successful transmission of the synchronizing Beacon packet, its collision with a similar packet and a service or user data packet. To prevent (reduce) the number of collisions in a digital radio communication network, it is necessary to maintain a constant time difference between the internal time of all network elements. It is worth noting that maintaining a constant time difference for all digital radio communication network elements through guaranteed and timely sending of synchronizing Beacon packets is the main mechanism for distributed synchronization of such network elements. In the event that the calculated value of the time difference Toffsetni for one of the neighboring elements of the digital radio communication network does not coincide with the analogous value obtained in the past synchronization interval Toffsetni-1, then the correction of the own internal TTSF time of the IEEE 802.11s and IEEE 802.11p standards digital radio communication network element begins. The procedure for adjusting the network element internal time continues until the maximum value of this element internal time offset TMaxClockDrift is equal to zero. Also, to reduce or prevent collisions of synchronizing Beacon packets in the data transmission channel, each network element both initially, when entering the network, and immediately when collisions of synchronizing packets occur, Beacon selects and sets the timing parameters of synchronization so that they do not coincide with similar parameters of neighboring network elements. The developed descriptive model of the IEEE 802.11s and IEEE 802.11p standards digital radio communication network elements distributed synchronization includes algorithms for the such network elements functioning, adjusting the such elements intrinsic internal time, searching for an alternative value for the start time of a repeating synchronization interval and adjusting it. The presented model is applicable in the development of analytical and simulation models for assessing the IEEE 802.11s and IEEE 802.11p standards digital radio communication network performance, taking into account the distributed synchronization of such network elements.

Message propagation in DTN based on virtual contact of behavior model

Delay Tolerant Network (DTN) is a kind of network structured to deliver message intermittently. Network connections are not persistent between nodes, instead they must rely on nodes making geographic location movements to incur contact with other nodes and establish intermittent communication sessions to allow messages delivery. We will refer to encounters via geographic location movements as ?physical contact.? Many DTN researches mainly focus on message delivery via physical contact. However, this paper believes that in a realistic environment, encounters between nodes not only happen geographically in nature, but also occur virtually in cyberspace. When both nodes go online on the same social media platform, it is an encounter we refer as virtual contact. How messages deliver for virtual contact is store-post-and-forward, just like what happens in a DTN, but it is no longer restrained by geographical locations. This paper considers a scenario in which nodes make virtual contact in cyberspace and incur message delivery based on their own behavior patterns. The verifying experiment is conducted using both survey and simulation. First of all, we handed out questionnaires for students to fill out. The questionnaire inquired them to rank their most frequent activities performed on social media platforms. According to the responses, we conclude the top 3 frequent activities when the students use social media platforms and classify them into 3 groups according to a weighted behavior pattern scheme. The classification includes Social Group, Read-Only Group and Interest Group. It does not matter which group a student is assigned to. In the simulation, he or she will get to decide whether to deliver/receive messages or not based on a randomized selection on 3 behavior pattern. Finally, we analyze the simulation result to determine how messages propagated in different behavior pattern groups. It is derived from the simulation that to quicken message propagation, directing messages to one of the behavior groups yields the maximize benefits. This provides the basis for further researches on collecting data of desired scenarios to establish respective propagation models.

THE CHOICE OF SIGNALS FOR HYDROACOUSTIC NAVIGATION SYSTEM OF TRANSFORMATION UNDERWATER APPARATUS TO DOCKING MODULE

The proposed work is the first part of the overall work on the development of the structure of the hydroacoustic navigation system (HNST) for bringing the autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) to the docking module (DM). The second (final) part will be published in the next issue of the journal. The purpose of this work is to select signals for building HNST providing reduction in a near zone at the distances not exceeding 300 m, an AUV and its docking with the carrier is considered. Mutual definition of a distance and angular position DM of the carrier and AUV relative to each other is carried out for this purpose. Determination of mutual angular coordinates can be carried out with use of HNST with short and ultra-short base. HNST with short base is preferable for realization from the point of view of simplicity. However, its installation on the AUV can be impossible because of rather small sizes of the device, and on AUV should be installed HNST with ultra-short base. HNST with short base can be established on the docking module. Since there are no reasons to assume the high speed of change of the phase characteristic of the developed high-frequency channel of transformation therefore the interval of stationarity of the phase characteristic should be significantly more than duration of a symbol at a speed of transfer of 4 kBit/s. Therefore, it is advisable to exchange measurement data between AUV and DM in the composition of HNST by relative phase modulation (DPSM). Reception of signals is performed by a suboptimal incoherent receiver on which entrance deep restriction of an entrance signal is carried out. The use of deep signal limitation at the receiver input allows to exclude operation of automatic control of strengthening at a stage of entry into communication, as a result, it is possible to reduce the duration of communication sessions. In the combined information navigation system, it is expedient: to apply as navigation signals of data exchanged between AUV and DM based on the results of mutual measurement of navigation parameters; to carry out data exchange between AUV and DM by method DPSM with a speed V = 4 kBit/s; to carry out transfer of the block of data with application of the correcting block cyclic code ; to apply to reception of a block of data diversity reception in combination with majority decoding characters, and then correct errors in the data block with the help of code, and to accompany the issuance of data to the user sign detection code errors in the block.

Detection and Countermeasures of Security Attacks and Faults on NoC-Based Many-Cores

The modularization and manufacture of many-cores system-on-chip that involve several vendors open up a vulnerability: the inclusion of Hardware Trojans (HT). In addition to that, the reduced feature size of transistors may accelerate aging effects, leading to faults. The literature presents techniques to tackle security and fault-tolerance, such as cryptography, authentication codes, error correction codes, creation at runtime of flow profiles to detect anomalous behavior. However, at the communication level (i.e., NoC), there is a gap in generic methods to detect attacks or faults. As detailed in the state-of-the-art session, approaches targeting the NoC protection against attacks add additional hardware in the NoC itself, which is prone to security attacks or faults. This work decouples the detection of attacks or faults by using data and control NoCs. The adoption of a control NoC enables the proposal of the Communication Session Protocol to monitor message exchange, detect abnormal behavior, and recover the communication from an eventual failure or attack. The execution time overhead varies according to the application communication model, from 3.5% to 33%. Such overhead is acceptable because once detected an abnormal communication behavior, the protocol changes the path between communicating task pairs and resumes the application execution.

Traffic optimization in wifi networks for the internet of things

One of the main problems of modern IoT networks is the large amount of automated traffic generated by their nodes. This puts a significant strain on modern communications networks, which will only increase over time. One way to overcome this problem is to optimize the data structure and improve the methods of data collection, transmission and processing. The purpose of this study is to optimize traffic in the IoT network at the level of software architecture and data representation. The object of the study is the FireBeetle Covers-24 x 8 LED Matrix ESP32, which is controlled by the HOLTEK HT1632C controller, connected via WiFi - interface with the IoT network, implemented on the basis of the ESP8266 microcontroller. The subject of the research is the process of optimizing program code by choosing the most efficient software architecture. The article considers the three most common software architectures and gives examples of their implementation. The architecture based on REST technology was the first to be considered. This technology is the most popular and widespread due to the simplicity of concept and implementation. But its disadvantage is the significant congestion of the communication line with a large amount of the same type of service information. Reducing the amount of service information by optimizing the HTML page code using JavaScript is demonstrated by the example of the second software architecture. But such optimization does not allow to completely separate the static and dynamic components of the information transmitted by the communication line. This division can easily be done within the software architecture based on Ajax & JSON, an example of which is given in the third. The great advantage of this architecture is that the static component is transmitted by the network only once at the beginning of the communication session. Then only the dynamic component is transmitted. According to the results of testing the developed hardware and software module and comparing the amount of generated data transmitted by WiFi network, it is shown that the software architecture based on Ajax & JSON has the highest network efficiency, significantly reducing network traf6fic compared to others.

ОСНОВНЫЕ ЭТАПЫ РАЗВИТИЯ КРИПТОГРАФИЧЕСКИХ ПРОТОКОЛОВ SSL/TLS И IPsec

The paper discusses the main stages of development of cryptographic protocols from SSL 2.0 (Secure Socket Layer) to TLS 1.3 (Transport Layer Security), which ensure the protection of transport layer data in the OSI model. A brief description of the modification of the RuTLS protocol based on TLS 1.3 and their main differences is given. The development of IPsec, which provides cryptographic protection of communications at the network level of the OSI model, is considered using examples of the development of the three most commonly used protocols. These include IKE (Internet Key Exchange), AH (Authentication Header), and ESP (Encapsulation Security Payload). For the SSL/TLS and IPsec specifications, the basic handshake protocols and the main stages of their development are considered. The described handshakes include primary cryptographic information exchange cycles in the form of identifiers of interaction participants, one-time numbers, lists of supported cryptographic combinations. Authentication of participants based on certificates, shared symmetric keys, data exchange for establishing a shared Diffie — Hellman secret, development of key material for secret keys of communication sessions, message authentication, and other cryptographic parameters are presented. For different versions of SSL/TLS and IPsec, the logical structures of application data cryptographic protection functions are described.

МОДЕЛЬ СИСТЕМИ ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ВИДУ ФАЗОВОЇ МАНІПУЛЯЦІЇ ТА СИМВОЛЬНОЇ ШВИДКОСТІ В РАДІОЛІНЯХ КОСМІЧНИХ СИСТЕМ

The article proposes a model of a universal automated system for determining the type of phase manipulation and symbol rate for receiving the flow of data by ground-based means transmitted in the radio lines of low-orbit space systems under a partial prior uncertainty. The relevance of the study on the selected topic is that in the last decade there has been noted a significant increase in the number of space systems operating in low-Earth orbits. The afore-mentioned fact leads to an increase in the variety of radio line structures of space systems, which creates a partial prior uncertainty in relation to the parameters of radio signals transmitted by these systems. At the same time, the operation of space systems in low-Earth orbits imposes restrictions on the duration of the communication session, which makes it difficult to set up the ground-based demodulating equipment under conditions of a partial prior uncertainty of the radio signal parameters. Considering the above, the article presents a possible option for designing a structure chart of a universal automated system for determining the type of phase manipulation and symbol rate. The principle of system operation is described and its operability is substantiated by mathematical modelling processes. The considered model of the universal automated system for determining the type of phase manipulation and symbol rate enables to determine the nominal value of the central carrier frequency of the radio signal, radio spectrum width, symbol rate and one of three types of phase manipulation (BPSK, QPSK, 8PSK) in the time operation mode close to real one. By the results of calculations being made, it is established that the system under study can be used while receiving data from space systems operating in low-Earth orbits. Also, the proposed system can be applied to determine the basic parameters of radio signals and other systems that use radio lines with phase manipulation. Further research on the selected topic will be aimed at studying the possibility of expanding the number of types of manipulations that can be automatically determined by the proposed system.