Communication In Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks Research Articles

CSTM: Cluster-based Security Trust Mechanism for VANET

Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET) allows communications between vehicles and roadside infrastructure. Various information can be propagated by the vehicles to ensure the safety and security of the driver and passengers by reducing the transport accidents and traffic congestion, besides, VANET communication can also provide navigation and entertainment service. However, the existence of the malicious nodes results in falsified and modified messages which could affect the performance of the network and even worse, could cause dangerous situation: accident, collision, traffic congestion, etc. In order to ensure the security and stability of VANET communication, we can introduce the concept of trust and improve the credibility of communication between vehicles through trust management. Therefore, this paper proposes a cluster-based security trust mechanism for VANET. By grouping vehicles with the same speed attribute into clusters, the network topology tends to be stable, and the information credibility and node reputation value are calculated by the cluster head, to determine the authenticity of the event message.

Novel Algorithm for V2v and V2i Security by Fuzzy Logic Decision in Vanet

The recent developments in wireless communication technologies along with the costs of hardware allow both V2V and V2I communications for information exchange. Such a network is called Vehicular ad Hoc Network (VANET) which is very important for various road safety and non-safety related applications. However, Due to the wireless nature of communication in VANETs, it is also prone to various security attacks which are originally present in wireless networks. Hence to realize the highest potential of VANET, the network should be free from attackers, there by all the information exchanged in the network must be reliable should be originated from authenticated source. The system can be processed by the fuzzy logic method. It does not require any keys for data transmission. The system design is very efficient compared to other techniques. So the users prevent from road accident and traffic jam..

RSU authentication in vehicular ad hoc networks base on verifiable secret sharing

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANET) is seen as an effective solution to ensure the driving safety and efficiency. As a key foundation, the road side unit (RSU) connect with each other to form a backbone network in VANET. The authentication of RSUs is the main tasks to prevent the secure communication in VANET suffering from various attacks caused by cunning adversaries. In this paper, we propose a new type of verifiable secret sharing (VSS) scheme based on bivariate polynomial to achieving the RSU authentication in a secret sharing way. Our proposed VSS based authentication includes two phases. In phase 1, the t RSUs that participate in secret reconstruction collaborate to detect whether there exist illegitimate ones; in phase 2, the t legitimate RSUs reveal their shares for secret reconstruction, and the fake shares can be identified. Our VSS facilitates the RSU authentication since (1) any RSUs participate in secret reconstruction can be confirmed legitimate, (2) any fake shares revealed in secret reconstruction can be identified, (3) a globalized group temporary session key will be established after the VSS process. In addition, our VSS scheme is unconditional secure since the security of our VSS is not based on any computational assumption.

A Priority Packet Dissemination Scheduling Mechanism in Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks

One of the vehicle communication technologies in the Intelligent Transport System is the Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs). VANET is a communication technology between one vehicle with other vehicles so as to reduce the impact of traffic accidents. Quality of Service requirements in VANETs communications has been supported by the standard protocol, IEEE 802.11p WAVE (Wireless Access in Vehicular Environment) protocol. The mechanism used in this protocol is CSMA/CA that divides four access categories in the selection of channel access by ensuring the success of more priority packets compared to the low priority ones. However, if another vehicle has the same priority packet to send, then a collision might happen. This paper proposes a packet deployment mechanism based on priority. Priority packets are estimated based on location and traffic conditions of vehicles, and then the AODV protocol is used for data deployment. Experimental results showed that priority based channel access perform better than CSMA/CA with an increasing PDR average about 24%, throughput of about 0.25 Mbit/sec and delay of about 0.0969 seconds.

A Comprehensive Survey on VANET Security Services in Traffic Management System

Recently, vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) embark a great deal of attention in the area of wireless and communication technology and are becoming one of the prominent research areas in the intelligent transportation system (ITS) because they provide safety and precautionary measures to the drivers and passengers, respectively. VANETs are quite different from the mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) in terms of characteristics, challenges, system architecture, and their application. In this paper, we summarize the recent state-of-the-art methods of VANETs by discussing their architecture, security, and challenges. Secondly, we discuss the detailed analysis of security schemes and the possible measures to provide secure communication in VANETs. Then, we comprehensively cover the authentication schemes, which is able to protect the vehicular network from malicious nodes and fake messages. Thus, it provides security in VANETs. Thirdly, we cover the mobility and network simulators, as well as other simulation tools, followed by the performance of authentication schemes. Finally, we discuss the comfort and safety applications of VANETs. In sum, this paper comprehensively covers the entire VANET system and its applications by filling the gaps of existing surveys and incorporating the latest trends in VANETs.

A trust based model (TBM) to detect rogue nodes in vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETS)

Due to the exponential growth in the automobile industry, we need intelligence transportation system. Vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET), a part of the intelligence transportation system is the network created by vehicles. Security is the main issue in vehicular ad-hoc network. Many intruders try to use the vulnerability presents in the vehicular network. In VANET communication between two nodes, may involves multiple intermediate nodes to forward the data due to low transmission range. The intermediate nodes must be trustworthy enough to be a part of the communication process. Rogue or malicious nodes can accept the data and drop the data in between source to destination. In this paper, we proposed a trust based model to detect rogue nodes in a vehicular network. The proposed model first estimates the trust value of the nodes and based on that identifies the rogue nodes in the network. We select only trustworthy nodes to relay the data in the routing process. The simulation and performance evaluation of the proposed model performed with the help of network simulator (NS-2). We evaluate the performance of the network based on the four performance matrices i.e. successful packet delivery fraction, throughput, routing load and end to end delay. The simulation result shows that the proposed model enhances network performance significantly.

An Empirical Study on Issues Challenges Tools and Techniques of Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network Communications

An Empirical Study on Issues Challenges Tools and Techniques of Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network Communications

A blockchain-based certificateless public key signature scheme for vehicle-to-infrastructure communication in VANETs

Abstract Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) have been developing based on the state-of-art in wireless network communication technologies to improve traffic on roads. However, there are some threats to security and privacy due to the open wireless environment in VANETs and the high speed of vehicles. The authentication of messages related to traffic which are exchanged with the vehicles and the Road-Side Unit (RSU) is considered one of the most VANETs necessary security requirements. In this context, several schemes have been designed to secure the traffic-related messages in VANETs. However, these schemes suffer from high computational costs in signatures’ verification. To minimize the computational cost of signature generation and verification, we propose an efficient Certificateless Public Key Signature (CL-PKS) scheme using bilinear pairing to provide conditional privacy-preserving authentication for Vehicle-To-Infrastructure (V2I) communication in VANETs. The CL-PKS scheme supports batch signature verification and aggregate signature verification functions to speed up verification process. In addition to this, we include blockchain to our CL-PKS scheme to implement revocation transparency of pseudo-identities efficiently before verifying the signatures. Furthermore, this scheme provides security proof and protection against different types of attacks. The proposed scheme incurs lower computational cost as compared to that incurred by existing schemes.

Intelligent firefly-based algorithm with Levy distribution (FF-L) for multicast routing in vehicular communications

Vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is an interesting technology used to attain inter-vehicle communication in intelligent transportation system (ITS). In VANET, the timely and unfailing vehicular communication is an important challenge to achieved good service. So, efficient routing techniques are highly needed for proper data transmission in VANET. In this paper, we concentrate on the quality of service (QoS) constrained multicast routing problem by considering it as an NP-complete problem. Several studies reported that bio-inspired algorithms work well than the traditional algorithms to resolve the NP-complete problem. So, a firefly with Levy distribution (FF-L) algorithm is presented to manage the multicast routing problem. To prevent the FF algorithm stuck into local optima, Levy distribution is incorporated to the FF algorithm. The FF-L algorithm for multicasting routing in VANET is validated using a set of experiments on three different scenarios. The experimental values verified that the FF-L algorithm identifies the optimal routes and it can be implemented in practical scenarios where the network structure remains quite stable.

Real-Time Detection of DoS Attacks in IEEE 802.11p Using Fog Computing for a Secure Intelligent Vehicular Network

The vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is a method through which Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) have become important for the benefit of daily life. Real-time detection of all forms of attacks, including hybrid DoS attacks in IEEE 802.11p, has become an urgent issue for VANET. This is due to sporadic real-time exchange of safety and road emergency message delivery in VANET. Sporadic communication in VANET has the tendency to generate an enormous amount of messages. This leads to overutilization of the road side unit (RSU) or the central processing unit (CPU) for computation. Therefore, efficient storage and intelligent VANET infrastructure architecture (VIA), which includes trustworthiness, are required. Vehicular Cloud and Fog Computing (VFC) play an important role in efficient storage, computation, and communication needs for VANET. This research utilizes VFC integration with hybrid optimization algorithms (OAs), which also possess swarm intelligence, including Cuckoo/CSA Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) and Firefly/Genetic Algorithm (GA), to provide real-time detection of DoS attacks in IEEE 802.11p, using VFC for a secure intelligent vehicular network. Vehicles move ar a certain speed and the data is transmitted at 30 Mbps. Firefly Feed forward back propagation neural network (FFBPNN) is used as a classifier to distinguish between the attacked vehicles and the genuine vehicles. The proposed scheme is compared with Cuckoo/CSA ABC and Firefly GA by considering jitter, throughput, and prediction accuracy.

An Efficient Anonymous Authentication Scheme with Secure Communication in Intelligent Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks

Vehicular ad-hoc networks (VANETs) have become increasingly significant in intelligent transportation systems, they play a great role in improving traffic safety and efficiency. In the deployment of intelligent VANETs, intelligent vehicles can efficiently exchange important or urgent traffic information and make driving decisions. Meanwhile, secure data communication and vehicle’s identity privacy have been highlighted. To cope with these security issues, in this paper, we construct an efficient anonymous authentication scheme with secure communication in intelligent VANETs. Combing the ElGamal encryption technique with a modified Schnorr signature technique, the proposed scheme provides secure anonymous authentication process for encrypted message in the vehicle-to-infrastructure communication model, and achieves identity privacy, forward security, and reply attack resistance simultaneously. Moreover, except the trusted authority (TA), any outside entity cannot trace the real identity of an intelligent vehicle. The proposed scheme is designed on an identity-based system, which can remove the costs of establishing public key infrastructure (PKI) and certificates management. Compared with existing authentication schemes, the proposed scheme is much more practical in intelligent VANETs.

Multicast routing protocol for advanced vehicular ad hoc networks

Transport sector has great impact on our daily life. Despite the huge number of vehicular models, driving process still faces many challenges due to the lack information about the roads and the surrounding sudden events, which can result in high number of accidents globally and especially in Saudi Arabia. A new technology, vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs), has emerged to support Intelligent Transport System (ITS) and to offer advanced solutions for drivers to avoid different hazard events that occur on the road. In this paper, we discuss the multicast and broadcast communications in VANETs, Quality of Sevice (QoS) awaregroup addressing/managing solutions to VANETs which help inclassifying different application that explore and design a new cross-layer framework, aware of high mobility and efficiency.

Efficient proxy ring signature for VANET

The messages in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANET) are vulnerable to attack in the open wireless environment. Group communication in VANET is receiving more attention, which confronts many security issues. First, only users who have passed legal authentication can communicate in the group. The ring signature is an effective solution. In addition, the group membership in the vehicular self-organising network changes rapidly, which leads to dynamic adjustment of group members. It is necessary to consider the computing power and communication capability of each node in the group members. To speed up the authentication process, a roadside unit with more computing power and communication capability than vehicles is selected as the signature agent, which effectively reduces the computational load of vehicles and accelerates the communication throughput. Meanwhile, the computational task and communication overhead have not been well-solved. To address these issues, this paper proposed an efficient proxy ring signature scheme for VANET to achieve higher signature efficiency and lower transmission overhead. The scheme allows both privacy protection and original signer tracing. Security analysis shows that the proposed scheme meets the security requirements of VANET.

Analysis of Mobile Edge Computing for Vehicular Networks.

Vehicular ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) are an integral part of intelligent transportation systems (ITS) that facilitate communications between vehicles and the internet. More recently, VANET communications research has strayed from the antiquated DSRC standard and favored more modern cellular technologies, such as fifth generation (5G). The ability of cellular networks to serve highly mobile devices combined with the drastically increased capacity of 5G, would enable VANETs to accommodate large numbers of vehicles and support range of applications. The addition of thousands of new connected devices not only stresses the cellular networks, but also the computational and storage requirements supporting the applications and software of these devices. Autonomous vehicles, with numerous on-board sensors, are expected to generate large amounts of data that must be transmitted and processed. Realistically, on-board computing and storage resources of the vehicle cannot be expected to handle all data that will be generated over the vehicles lifetime. Cloud computing will be an essential technology in VANETs and will support the majority of computation and long-term data storage. However, the networking overhead and latency associated with remote cloud resources could prove detrimental to overall network performance. Edge computing seeks to reduce the overhead by placing computational resources nearer to the end users of the network. The geographical diversity and varied hardware configurations of resource in a edge-enabled network would require careful management to ensure efficient resource utilization. In this paper, we introduce an architecture which evaluates available resources in real-time and makes allocations to the most logical and feasible resource. We evaluate our approach mathematically with the use of a multi-criteria decision analysis algorithm and validate our results with experiments using a test-bed of cloud resources. Results demonstrate that an algorithmic ranking of physical resources matches very closely with experimental results and provides a means of delegating tasks to the best available resource.

An optimized routing algorithm for vehicle ad-hoc networks

Efficient routing algorithms are essential to guarantee reliable communication in Vehicular Adhoc Networks (VANETs). In this paper, we present a twofold approach entailing the design of a new route metric for VANET communication, which considers important parameters such as the received signal strength; transmit power, frequency and the path loss. We further present an improved genetic algorithm-based route optimization technique (IGAROT) that guarantees better routing in VANETs. We used IGAROT to determine optimal routes required to communicate road anomalies effectively between vehicles in VANETs. The performance of our proposed algorithm was compared with the well-known conventional Genetic Algorithm (GA) route optimization technique under same simulation conditions. Based on the average route results obtained, our findings indicate that IGAROT provided 4.24%, 75.7% and 420% increment over the conventional GA in the low, medium and high car density scenarios, respectively. Our findings suggest that IGAROT improves road anomaly communication among vehicles thus enabling drivers to better navigate anomalous roads with the aim to reduce road-anomaly induced accidents. Further benefits of our system may include the prompt notification of road maintenance agencies concerning persisting road conditions via vehicle to infrastructure communication.

Efficient Certificateless Conditional Privacy-Preserving Authentication Scheme in VANETs

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are an increasing important paradigm for greatly enhancing roadway system efficiency and traffic safety. To widely deploy VANETs in real life, it is critical to deal with the security and privacy issues in VANETs. In this paper, we propose a certificateless conditional privacy preserving authentication (CCPPA) scheme based on certificateless cryptography and elliptic curve cryptography for secure vehicle-to-infrastructure communication in VANETs. In the proposed scheme, a roadside unit (RSU) can simultaneously verify plenty of received messages such that the total verification time may be sharply decreased. Furthermore, the security analysis indicates that the proposed scheme is provably secure in the random oracle model and fulfills all the requirements on security and privacy. To further improve efficiency, both map-to-point hash operation and bilinear pairing operation are not employed. Compared with previous CCPPA schemes, the proposed scheme prominently cuts down computation delay of message signing and verification by 66.9%–85.5% and 91.8%–93.4%, respectively, and reduces communication cost by 44.4%. Extensive simulations show that the proposed scheme is practicable and achieves prominent performances of very little average message delay and average message loss ratio and thus is appropriate for realistic applications.

City-Wide Eco-Routing Navigation Considering Vehicular Communication Impacts.

Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSs) utilize Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) to collect, disseminate, and share data with the Traffic Management Center (TMC) and different actuators. Consequently, packet drop and delay in VANETs can significantly impact ITS performance. Feedback-based eco-routing (FB-ECO) is a promising ITS technology, which is expected to reduce vehicle fuel/energy consumption and pollutant emissions by routing drivers through the most environmentally friendly routes. To compute these routes, the FB-ECO utilizes VANET communication to update link costs in real-time, based on the experiences of other vehicles in the system. In this paper, we study the impact of vehicular communication on FB-ECO navigation performance in a large-scale real network with realistic calibrated traffic demand data. We conduct this study at different market penetration rates and different congestion levels. We start by conducting a sensitivity analysis of the market penetration rate on the FB-ECO system performance, and its network-wide impacts considering ideal communication. Subsequently, we study the impact of the communication network on system performance for different market penetration levels, considering the communication system. The results demonstrate that, for market penetration levels less than 30%, the eco-routing system performs adequately in both the ideal and realistic communication scenarios. It also shows that, for realistic communication, increasing the market penetration rate results in a network-wide degradation of the system performance.

An Efficient Privacy-Preserving Mutual Authentication Scheme for Secure V2V Communication in Vehicular Ad Hoc Network

Recent years have witnessed that the new mobility Intelligent Transportation System is booming, especially the development of Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs). It brings convenience and a good experience for drivers. Unfortunately, VANETs are suffering from potential security and privacy issues due to the inherent openness of VANETs. In the past few years, to address security and privacy-preserving problems, many identity-based privacy-preserving authentication schemes have been proposed by researchers. However, we found that these schemes fail to meet the requirements of user privacy protection and are vulnerable to attacks or have high computational complexity. Hence, we focus on enhancing privacy-preserving via authentication and achieving better performance. In this paper, first, we describe the vulnerabilities of the previous scheme. Furthermore, to enhance privacy protection and achieve better performance, we propose an efficient privacy-preserving mutual authentication protocol for secure V2V communication in VANETs. Through security analysis and comparison, we formally demonstrate that our scheme can accomplish security goals under dynamic topographical scenario compared with the previous scheme. Finally, the efficiency of the scheme is showed by performance evaluation. The results of our proposed scheme are computationally efficient compared with the previously proposed privacy-preserving authentication scheme.

Efficient authentication scheme for vehicular ad-hoc networks with batch verification using bilinear pairings

The potential for vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) in improving traffic, enhancing road safety and reducing traffic accidents has attracted attention from academia, industry, and governments. To ensure secure communication in VANETs, a number of authentication schemes, including those with batch verification, were proposed in recent years. However, studies have demonstrated that most of the existing schemes suffer from bad performance or weak security. To address those problems, we construct a new identity-based digital signature (IBDS) scheme using bilinear pairings. The IBDS scheme is then used to construct a new identity-based conditional privacy-preserving authentication (IBCPPA) scheme for VANETs without the need for a map-to-point hash function or double secret keys. Using simulations, we demonstrate that our provably-secure IBCPPA scheme not only achieves better performance than related schemes, but also overcomes the inefficiency problem of the double secret keys in related schemes (i.e., the system does have to manage two secret keys to provide security).

Efficient authentication scheme for vehicular ad-hoc networks with batch verification using bilinear pairings

The potential for vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) in improving traffic, enhancing road safety and reducing traffic accidents has attracted attention from academia, industry, and governments. To ensure secure communication in VANETs, a number of authentication schemes, including those with batch verification, were proposed in recent years. However, studies have demonstrated that most of the existing schemes suffer from bad performance or weak security. To address those problems, we construct a new identity-based digital signature (IBDS) scheme using bilinear pairings. The IBDS scheme is then used to construct a new identity-based conditional privacy-preserving authentication (IBCPPA) scheme for VANETs without the need for a map-to-point hash function or double secret keys. Using simulations, we demonstrate that our provably-secure IBCPPA scheme not only achieves better performance than related schemes, but also overcomes the inefficiency problem of the double secret keys in related schemes (i.e., the system does have to manage two secret keys to provide security).