Common Title Research Articles

A Greek Roman Empire; Power and Belief under Theodosius II (408/450) (review)

Reviewed by: A Greek Roman Empire: Power and Belief under Theodosius II (408/450) David Olster Fergus Millar A Greek Roman Empire: Power and Belief under Theodosius II (408/450) Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2006 Pp. xxvi + 279. Fergus Millar is one of the great names in contemporary Roman imperial scholarship. Since the 1977 publication of his comprehensive synthesis The Emperor in the Roman World (31 b.c.–337 a.d.), he has been one of the leading English language lights in the field of imperial administration and presentation. Now Millar ventures well beyond Constantine into the time of that emperor's less dynamic epigone, Theodosius II and the politico-religious culture of the fifth century. His topic is the relationship between politics and religion in the reign of Theodosius II, specifically the struggles over Nestorius and his condemnation. His project is to "[form] a bridge between the governmental and administrative history practiced by A. H. M. Jones and the style of cultural history exemplified by Peter Brown and Averil Cameron" (xiv). As a practitioner of the former, Millar brings his own methodological apparatus to his book, and for the latter, he modestly (and accurately) concedes his methodological debt. The book is divided roughly into two parts. In the first Millar sets out to fulfill the promise of his title by explaining the cultural and, more particularly, administrative implications of a Greek empire. Although local languages like Syriac and Coptic played a role in the literary and cultural dynamic of the mid-fifth century, ultimately the language of imperial and ecclesiastical administration and communication was Greek. Even Latin, the nominal tongue of the "Romans," was likely not that common in the central administrative apparatus. The rhetoric of this Greek language culture constructed an empire at once Roman and Christian and in Millar's view a tension between these identities. Millar posits that an ideological dialect arose from "the competing pressures, of legality on the one side and Christian conviction on the other, to which the emperor was exposed" (128) that led Theodosius to follow the dictates of faith rather than imperial duty. However, it is arguable that rather than a dialectical opposition, Theodosius illustrates the continuity of imperial piety that had moved emperors since Augustus to placate divine powers and that panegyricists from Pliny to Panegyrici Latini had praised. At the beginning of the third century, for example, Caracalla was moved to reverse a legal decision when an appeal was made to him as "most pious judge and king" because, as Millar himself once wrote, "the dispensation of [imperial] justice would extend to temples, cults and priesthoods" (The Emperor in the Roman World, 455). [End Page 581] Exactly how the linguistic dominance of Greek affected the theological debates and ecclesiastical conflicts that occupy the second half of the book, however, is far from clear. Millar does not address how Greek specifically framed the religious or political discourse, e.g., how the loan word "Augustus," the most common chancery title of the period, related to basileus, the far more common title for the emperor in histories and council records and what that implies about the Hellenicity of the fifth-century imperial construct. In the field of theological discourse, the complex relationship between proso\pon, hypostasis, and persona could be said to be one of the philological difficulties that plagued Leo's tome and made its Latin formulation so problematic to a Greek audience. But one waits in vain for an explanation of how the use of Greek defined or created a particular intellectual framework in which the political events or intellectual discourse of the second half of the book developed. In short, the linguistic analysis of the first half of the book disappears in the second half. What does carry over from the first half to the second half of the book is Millar's ideological construction of state and church, or Empire and Christianity: one that posits tension between them and a fundamental discontinuity with the traditions of imperial piety and religious authority. Of course, what creates this discontinuity is implied by Millar to be Christianity itself. Introducing the controversy over Nestorius, he explains that "to...

Meeting the New: What 21st—Century Educators Can Learn from the Earliest “Ethnomusicologists” about the Appreciation of Music

It may seem paradoxical to argue that twenty-first-century music educators, in search of a pedagogical perspective that meets the needs of our Internet-savvy young students, should study the way the earliest ethnomusicologists wrote about music: those reports by Jean de Lery, Simon de la Loubere, Jean Chardin, and others who, prior to 1700, traveled far from their homes in Europe, met musical customs very much at variance with those they were familiar with, and felt impelled to comment on this and startling music. Paradox or no, the reason I think it is so useful to study these early writings is one that transcends the centuries, and all the changes in music and musical technology. The reason is ethical. In those centuries-old writings by de Lery, et al., there are two things that still are very much present in our classrooms today-in our students and, if we are honest, likely in ourselves as well. First, a praiseworthy and educationally efficient desire to appreciate music from what is familiar. And second, its opposite: the desire to swiftly sum up and then dismiss-or even scorn- what is new. No amount of technology, per se, can alter this second attitude. What can alter it is a change of ethical awareness. Students need to be made aware, in a way that doesn't seem preachy or patronizing, that there can be a dual response to what is new, so they can discover for themselves which looks better to them. Which brings us face-to-face with the value of looking at these early ethnomusicologists--namely that the distance of the centuries enables us to talk with our students about this fundamentally ethical issue without immediately stirring up current musical prejudices: against rap, country-and-western, or opera. In fact, it has been my experience that once students learn about the issues involved 300 or 400 years ago, they are unanimous in their opinion: they object to the prejudices of centuries ago, and applaud the honest desire in some of these explorers of musical territory to stretch their ears and their human sympathies. Understanding all of this enables students to know their own minds better, and to be in a far stronger position to object to prejudices in themselves and their classmates. I would go so far as to say that an increased awareness of the ethics involved in listening to new or different music helps every other aspect of music education go better. For the entire point is to introduce students to what is new- whether it be genres of music, or perspectives on music that is familiar to them. Therefore, the most fundamental concept in music education isn't specifically about music at all: it is about our personal ethics, our attitude toward what is or different. What Is Appreciation? Some decades back, the most common title for an introductory course in music was Music Appreciation. The term is less often applied today, yet it remains the key to what we are attempting to accomplish in our classrooms. as the great American educator Eli Siegel defined it, is being able to see something as it is and liking it at the same time. He offered this definition in his March 31, 1950, lecture titled Aesthetic Realism and Appreciation, in which he also laid out the ethical significance of the matter: The word appreciation ... is one of those words synonymous with life itself. When a person doesn't like himself, one of the chief reasons is that he has failed to appreciate what he should appreciate. Whenever we fail to appreciate something deeply it's because we appreciate something else too much. We are lopsided somewhere. Just as when a person fails to be excited by something that should excite him, he appreciates indifference too much--so when some people cannot see with any greatness or depth of feeling what deserves to be seen, it means that something else has been given too much value. …

Elias Widemans druckgraphisches Porträtsammelwerk und der Westfälische Frieden

Summary The Catalogue of the Hungarica by Sándor Apponyi does not mention the third volume of a copper engraved portrait series edited in 1649. The series with 100 portraits of members of the Austrian 17th century elite in each volume has a common title page of 1646. The portraits are in the major part engraved by the Augsburg Master Elias Wideman, assisted by minor artists. His patron was Johann Christoph III. Puchhaim, advisory President of the Vienna War Council, who, as commander of Komárom Castle for a long time, was bound to Hungarian aristocracy, belonging to the Habsburg party. Therefore, otherwise than in the Austrian series, the Hungarian portrais often depict also ecclesiastic and literary persolnalities. As several details and the title page of vol. 2 is similar to the title page of an edition concerning the that time “Westphalian” Peace negotiations, it seems, that Wideman's portraits were intended as gifts for faithful Hungarians after Thirty Years War.

Group Analysis Special Issue New Currents in Contemporary Social Theory and Implications for Group-Analytic Theory and Practice

Introduction This Special Issue explores implications for group analysis of current debates in social theory. It aims to bring creative and dynamic currents, which have recently invigorated approaches to method and interpretation within the social and human sciences, into dialogue with those of group analysis. While the range of such approaches are so diverse as to scarcely allow for a common title, what might be called the ‘post-foundationalist paradigm’ (broadly including poststructuralist, postmodernist, performative and postcolonial ideas) in contemporary social theory has prompted both new preoccupations and alternative perspectives on old problems – problems of individual and collective meaning, and subjectivities. Group Analysis has certainly featured some of these frameworks and highlighted possible applications (e.g. Craib, 2001), and this issue builds on these to identify and introduce specific areas or fields of newly emerging inquiry that are currently transforming the conceptual landscape of social theory. These have key implications as to how we formulate contexts of distress and usher in alternative interpretive approaches to therapeutic, and other group-analytic, work. The Special Issue takes the form of six specially commissioned articles by experts in their field, drawn from a range of disciplines, each of whom addresses a key perspective that has emerged from the recent ‘textual’ turn in social theory. Each paper outlines the

The United Kingdom’s contributions to the development of aeronautics Part 4. The origins of the jet age

Despite the common title of this series of papers, the specific area into which we now move originated on a more global scale than the title suggests. Thus in the spirit of the plan set down at the outset for this review,vizthat major ideas from abroad must be included, contributions from such countries as France, Germany and the United States here warrant greater prominence.In Part 3 of this review we surveyed the development within Britain of the stress-skinned streamlined monoplane. Since the 1920s increasing numbers within Britain’s government research establishments, the universities and industry had been actively promoting this advance. Nonetheless, the practical hardware’s eventual emergence by the mid-1930s was largely driven by industry’s need for greater aerodynamic efficiency and a desire to excel. Thus record-breaking attempts, events such as the Schneider Trophy and MacRobertson races, all provided the impetus for this. So, too, did the commercial pressure of a new generation of American airliners and, for those astute enough to interpret them as such, the alarum calls of an impending Second World War. As a result of the appreciable decrease in drag coefficient achieved, coupled to a massive improvement in piston engine power, military aircraft, in particular, proved capable of flying not only further and higher but also dramatically faster. A further consequence, however, was that certain wartime high-speed fighter aircraft began to encounter serious, even fatal, compressibility effects as their enhanced speeds in dives reached subsonic critical Mach number conditions.

Fuzzy Legality in Regulation: The Legislative Mandate Revisited

How does law interact with regulatory reality, and why does legislative mandate, which presumably stands at the apex of a regulatory package, often deviate from its ideal‐type as exclusive organizer of action? These questions are treated in this article through the concept of “fuzzy legality,” which serves as a common title for six different legal arrangements that stray from the ideal‐type legislative mandate, while enabling “perfectly legal” industry behavior. Against the background of potential dangers involved in such practices, the article traces the politics of preference for fuzziness both by regulators and regulatees. It reassesses calls for responsive and reflexive law as a cure for the regulatory malaise: these may have been voiced due to existing overly rigid regulatory frameworks, rather than the intrinsic flaw of legal constructs.

We must all press to protect the title 'nurse'.

A crucial point to emerge from the review of the regulation of nurses, midwives and health visitors (JM Consulting Ltd, 1998) was the proposal to protect the title ‘nurse’. This was one of only four points which the Government deemed appropriate to go out for consultation. The report points out that the common title and functions of a midwife are, in effect, protected, but that this is not the case for the title and functions of nurses. There are penalties for someone who inappropriately represents him/herself as a registered nurse but these have rarely been enacted.

Aborigines and Fire in the Wet Tropics of Queensland, Australia: Ecosystem Management Across Cultures

Australian indigenous people may retain common law native title rights in lands that have been reserved for nature conservation purposes . They are seeking greater equity in management of these places , and recognition of their cultural practices , such as "fire-stick farming." This article examines the approach to fire management of one group of Australian Aborigines , the Kuku-Yalanji , and that of the government managers of the Wet Tropics of Queensland World Heritage Area . The comparative ecosystem management framework used to analyze the cultural interface highlights potential conflicts over the control of management and information, while identifying common interests in maintaining species and communities . Kuku-Yalanji use fire to protect fire-sensitive rainforests as well as to promote fire-prone open forests. The study suggests a Fire Protocol to mediate the different goals of the two groups, and supports the view that implementation of ecosystem management requires a social decision process.

World list of Quaternary pollen and spore atlases

Studies of regional Quaternary pollen floras have been listed per continent, including books, series of papers published under a common title, and miscellaneous papers. Regional pollen floras include studies of the pollen, and/or spores, of urban areas, national parks, or larger geographical or phytogeographical areas that cover significant parts of a continent. Also regional allergologic studies have been listed. The quality of the plates, which varies considerably, and accessibility to the literature have not been considered. In addition references to papers documenting palynomorphs other than pollen and spores, which are often encountered in pollen slides, are given.

Common Law Native Title in Australia — An Analysis of Mabo v Queensland [NO 2

Common Law Native Title in Australia — An Analysis of Mabo v Queensland [NO 2

Autonomy and Visibility in Undergraduate Social Work Education

Autonomy and visibility are important issues for social work education. Although a specific accreditation standard on autonomy exists, research reveals limitations in autonomy can result in difficulty attaining or maintaining accreditation. In 1980, accredited undergraduate units identified themselves using more than 50 different titles. By 1990, this diversity had been reduced, and the more common title “Social Work Program” was used by more than one third of all units. What is unknown is whether these changes resulted in more freestanding programs or more programs within a host department and greater or less visibility and autonomy. To explore these issues, questionnaires were sent to all U.S. accredited baccalaureate social work programs. Results indicated that the majority of respondents perceived the established governance and administrative structures of their programs as either adequate or very adequate. However, nearly 25% of the respondents found the support staff arrangement unsatisfactory. More...

Henry George's Impact at Home and Abroad: He Won the Workers of Marx's Adopted Country But Through Leninism Marxism Has Won Half the World

Abstract. Henry George, the American economist and social philosopher, considered it an anomoly that, under modern industrial conditions, progress and poverty should march together. He recognized that the juxtaposition of wealth and want was a worldwide phenomenon and traced its cause to monopoly, particularly the monopoly of land and natural resources. Realizing that current taxes on consumption and production were disincentives to capital and labor, he proposed that governments tax the only true surplus, economic rent, through land value taxation. This would enable the people to reassert their common title to the land—the earth. His message was accorded a more favorable reception abroad than at home. Karl Marx wrote Das Kapital in England but it was George, not Marx, who appealed to the British workers. Yet it was Marxism that swept half the world into State socialism, conquering by political power and bayonet‐Leninism while George's followers pursued the democratic approach of public education.

Cuatro aspectos del sector construcción, en Cuba

Under the common title of «Four Aspects of the Construction Sector in Cuba», we gather some other works, to a certain extent different in theme and focus, but which globally may help to outline both the present level of the technical development of the construction sector and its potential installed. There is described in the «Technical Center of Construction and Materials», which is a basic institution and one which promotes the technological development of the sector. In another work are reviewed the construction systems employed in Cuba, both autochthonous and foreign, as these systems are the basis and support of Cuban construction. In the third place there is reproduced a punctual aspect of the research work being carried out in ICIDCA (Research Center of the elite of Cuba); it deals with the employment of megasse in the production of agglomerates for use in construction. The panorama finalizes with a brief, schematical resume of the construction of industrial buildings of one storey, by means of prefabricated elements or of industrial origin, which respond to some strict conditions and which are carried out following rigorous rules of the project. We understand that the ensemble of these four facets constitutes a significant sample of that plural prism and ensemble which Is the construction sector of any country.

The shadow of herself: Some sources of Jules Perrot'sOndine

Since early times man has populated the waters with imaginary halfhuman creatures. The ancient Greeks had their naiads and nereids, the Hindus their apsaras, and the Germans their nixies. Although belief in these fantastic folk waned with the centuries, people in the early nineteenth century still found the notion of water sprites charming and appealing, and thus a popular literary heroine, Undine, was born. Her tragic story, told by the German author Baron Friedrich de la Motte Fouque in the novel Undine, in turn inspired one of the most famous Romantic ballets, Jules Perrot's Ondine, ou la Naiade, first produced in London in 1843. The transmutation of book into ballet was by no means simple. Their common title would seem to indicate that the novel is the ballet's starting point, but the ballet itself stands as evidence that Perrot drew upon more than this single literary source in giving Ondine theatrical form.

Viewpoint: McLuhan as Rorschach

The following essay is the first in what we hope becomes a fairly regular series. Under the common title of “Viewpoint,” these short pieces will always appear last in any given issue, and will be devoted more to commentary rather than research. Typically, they will present a point of view on a matter of research or topical importance in mass communication. Typical strictures on articles will be waived for submissions to this section, and decisions will be made primarily on the basis of originality of thought and approach. Submitted material must be short—the average no more than six to eight double spaced pages of typescript. Dr. Becker, national president of Speech Communication Association for 1974–75, is a long time member of the Speech faculty at the University of Iowa.

Meaning-Levels in the Theme of Historical Decline

Much more has been written on of progress than on notions of decline. This may be one more indication that progress is distinctive conviction of modern minds it is supposed to be; certainly it reflects academic distribution of history by fief and field. Studies of of progress constitute a proper academic field, complete with its classic (Bury's Idea of Progress), revisions of classic, and syntheses of both (progress on progress?). Such work as there is on historical pessimism, the of decay, and idea or sense of decadence remains quite fragmentary, without conventional boundaries or a common title. Often it has a defensive edge, as if needing to prove that losers might matter. Apologies are hardly necessary when another reason for relative neglect may be, after all, that language of is simply too familiar to attract attention. Neither beliefs in progress nor relativism seem to make much headway against commonplace talk of political, economic, or cultural decline and of decadent morals, literature, or art. Doubt has ways of springing quite as eternal as hope; and belief in progress may actually encourage it, since criteria for measuring progress can easily be turned around to detect decline. Whatever reason, there is room to wonder about a theme probably as old as civilization and as close as doubting mood of present, but not for that to be dismissed as atavism or fad. From Hesiod and Thucydides to St. Augustine and Orosius, Rousseau and Gibbon, Nietzsche and Burckhardt, Spengler and Huizinga, some of most significant speculation and narrative have been phrased in terms of decline. Or so it might be argued. But since it is not yet clear what argument would be about, it might be useful at least it keeps first things first to ask what it means to speak of decline.1

THE NATIONAL WATER COMMISSION AND THE WATER RESOURCES COUNCIL

In 1965 Congress passed the Water Resources Planning Act and thereby created a (federal) Water Resources Council. It also authorized the establishment of interstate water‐resource development commissions and grants to individual states. About four years ago, Congress went a step further and authorized the creation of a (nonfederal) National Water Commission to look after the long‐range problems confronting the US in its effort to preserve its water resources. The four articles that appear under the common title, “National Water Commission and Water Resources Council,” are adapted from four related papers presented at the Annual Conference, Washington, D.C., Jun. 23, 1970.The lead article, by Schad, moderator of the joint discussion, is a response to questions that have been raised regarding the relationship of the National Water Commission and the Water Resources Council. Because it is made up of seven members who have no other position with the federal government, the Commission is in a position to obtain an overview of existing institutions and arrangements. The Commission's job is to come up with recommendations for measures to ensure that future needs for water and water‐related services are met efficiently. Under the terms of its charter, the Commission must work closely with the Council. The article details this relationship.The second article, by Maughan, describes the makeup and operations of the Council. In the process, the author brings the reader up to date about a current significant activity of the Council: its study of a multiple‐objective approach to the evaluation of water‐resource programs and projects.The third in this series of articles, by McFarland, is a critical appraisal of the relative merits of the Council and the Commission. The author contends that the Council has not done the job for which it was created. He ruminates about why this condition is so and suggests ways by which the Commission can avoid the same pitfalls.The last article, by Verkler, describes some of the ancillary benefits that are an outcome of the work by both the Council and the Commission. The author contends that many of the methods applied to the preservation of our water resources can be adapted to land‐use planning. The article is, therefore, an exposition of methods and procedures along with suggestions as to their future application.

On determinacies of monoids

The authors bring here under a common title the results of three distinct papers [1], [2], [3] originated recently in the seminar of combinatorial algebra at the Charles University in Prague. The problem we are interested in is to reconstruct uniquely a monoid from a fragment of its multiplication table and in this way to obtain an economical description of a monoid. The results in this note will concern only table-fragments containing whole rows or columns, which can be equivalently described by means of translations.

A COLLECTION OF PAPERS IZ ISTORIJE VOJVOĐANSKIH RUSINA DO 1941. GODINE (from the history of Vojvodinian Ruthenians until 1941)

The history of the Ruthenians (Rusyns) in Southern Hungary, later in Yugoslavia, was in the focus not only of the authors who were members of this national community, but also of Hungarian, Ukrainian and Yugoslav scholars and historians. In the socialist Yugoslavia the most significant contribution to the historiography of the Ruthenians in the Serbian language was the project of the Institute of History of the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina – the papers of five historians with five different themes which are chronologically linked under a common title Iz istorije vojvođanskih Rusina do 1941. godine (From the History of Vojvodinian Ruthenians until 1941), published in the Almanac of the Society of Historians of Vojvodina in 1977. Although it has been more than four decades since the publication of this collection of papers, it has still not been critically presented and assessed. We think it makes sense and justification to present this work, even after long delays, at least in a basic outline, to show how much and in which direction it pushed the limits of new knowledge and to draw the attention of future researchers to some shortcomings, anachronistic and ideologically motivated attitudes and obvious material mistakes.

The Sixty-Second Annual Meeting of the Organization of American Historians

AT THE meeting of the Organization of American Historians in Philadelphia, April 17, 18, and 19, 1969, thirty-six sessions explored a variety of subjects under a common title, State of American History: A General Inquiry.' Thirty centered upon single papers, one was divided among four brief papers, and five were panel discussions. Each of these sessions without restrictions assessed a broad area of concern to the American historian. In sum they verify the reasonable hypothesis that such a bold title would merely disguise a tangle of problems in the garb of a declaration. This report discusses the sessions in categories that derive from the way participants posed these problems. The meeting included strikingly few sessions that accepted their subjects as given, as recognized areas of research primarily awaiting extensions or