Common Proverbs Research Articles

Conceptualization of Pragmatic Language Through Proverbs: A Comparative Study of Arabic and English Proverbs

This study aims to analyze and compare several proverbs in Arabic and English from a linguistic-pragmatic perspective. Examining the similarities and differences of proverbs in different languages helps us appreciate the use of that language. Indeed, Arabic and English may constitute an excellent example of understanding the practical use of common proverbs and, more generally, the historical facets of these languages' background. In doing so, I identified twenty common sayings used in the two languages, Arabic and English, to investigate the parallelisms among them and observe their use in a particular cultural context. The study's originality focuses on the fact that until now, proverb cross-language studies on these languages from a metalinguistic point of view have not been examined.

Corona virus – A natural catastrophe

Viruses, ultra-microscopic structures mainly are pathogens, which affect the human beings by causing endemic, epidemic and even pandemic diseases. Coronaviruses (CoV) - large family of enveloped viruses containing single stranded RNA, belong to the family: Coronaviridae, order: Nidovirales. Zoonotic coronaviruses have emerged in recent years to cause human outbreaks such as SARS - severe acute respiratory syndrome, MERS - Middle East respiratory syndrome and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). SARS-like CoVs observed in horse shoe bats like Rhinolophus macrotis & R.sinicus which shed the virus in saliva and urine transmitting to human beings during the processing of bat meat. SARS-CoV-2 virions attach to human cells manifested as a respiratory infection. The clinical spectrum of illness varies from no symptoms or mild respiratory symptoms to severe, rapidly progressive pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, septic shock, or multi organ failure resulting in death. There are many ways of diagnosis of COVID-19 through thermal checking for fever, symptoms like severe cough, cold etc., lung X-ray, antibody detection and PCR tests. ‘Prevention is better than cure’, a common proverb has lot of meaning in the present pandemic. Physical distancing, wearing mask in public places, sanitizing hands are now considered as most important steps in preventing COVID-19. Recently designated Omicron subvariant JN.1 is spreading causing the disease among the people. Probiotic drinks play an important role in inhibiting the ACE inhibiting biopeptide, preventing virus fusion to human lung cells and studies are going on in this aspect. Globally many vaccines have been released and used providing the immunity against the COVID-19. The present review article focuses on virus, classification, place of coronavirus, its impact on humans, clinical manifestation, prevention and control measures.

Food Choice Preferences: A Study on University Cafeterias’ Food in Terengganu

According to Campo et al. (2017), food presentation, also known as food visual, is one of the factors that can affect a person’s decision to eat. According to Imram (1999), “People eat first with their eyes” is a common proverb. It is considered an essential feature since it significantly explains or influences how consumers perceive food or drink (Delwiche, 2004). LaBar et al. (2001) also examined the amygdala and surrounding inferotemporal regions to see how food-related imagery could elicit emotional reactions. Two hundred twenty-eight respondents from a local university in Terengganu, Malaysia, took part in the survey that served as the basis for the study. This study aims to identify the important variables that affect how students choose their meals at the university cafeteria and to find the most important variables from the four food-related factors. The results of this study demonstrate that students consider each of the four food-related factors—presentation, colour, pricing, and variety—critically while making meal decisions. This study has set out to alert the cafeteria manager to improve on the particular component found via this analysis. The research’s conclusions will significantly influence the university’s students and the cafeteria staff who run the university’s eateries.

The Maghreb Sociolian Achievement, Ibn Shanab's book on Algerian and Moroccan proverbs, as a model

Proverbs are part of the language of everyday speech, they cannot be studied outside of their relationship to society and language, the vocabulary of the proverbs is the surrounding area. The proverb carries a value and intellectual content and achieves and achieves them in content, and it shows the image of the social, intellectual and intellectual construction of the linguistic community.
 Proverbs is a field of research that attracts various specializations, and it is considered a linguistic and cultural heritage that is relied upon to support sayings and ideas.
 Among the first achievements in the study of Algerian and Moroccan proverbs is Ibn Shanab’s book, where its author collected common proverbs between the two countries, and these proverbs reflect an image of the language in circulation and the way of life at the time, and show the thinking of the Maghreb individual during that time period.
 This intervention aims to introduce Ibn Shanab’s effort in developing his book, and the methodology he followed in classifying it, without neglecting the reference to the importance of this type of studies in the social and linguistic aspects.

THE REPRESENTATION OF WOMEN IN PROVERBS – A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF MODERN GREEK AND SERBIAN LANGUAGE

The way language is used can tell us a lot about a culture and the mentality of the people speaking it. Thus, it is very interesting to see which values are rooted in common proverbs in different languages. Having in mind that beliefs and values can be recognized in all forms of linguistic communication (DOMINGUEZ BARAJAS 2010: 50), and that proverbs are based on oral tradition, with a very specific way in which they are being transferred from generation to generation (RASUL 2015: 55), they can tell us a lot about the way a society is influenced by the language it uses and vice versa. Considering the fact that the Greek and the Serbian society are, broadly speaking, built on similar, traditional and patriarchal foundations, a comparative analysis of linguistic features can be very insightful. The present study presents the findings of a corpus analysis of Greek and Serbian proverbs found in different online bases and dictionaries. We investigate the representation of women from the perspective of negative vs. positive representation, as well as the most common associations which accompany them. The results of our study show a greater number of negative connotations, a mostly passive role of a woman and a high similarity between the stereotypes we can identify in the proverbs in both languages.

Infusing National Integration in the Fractured Society of Pakistan

There is a common proverb that national integration in Pakistan appears in crises only. The nation has responded during calamities in a unified manner. However, when the crisis is dealt with, the internal incongruities resurface. The Pakistani society is divided into fault lines, like, political, ethnic, linguistic, societal, feudal, religious,and provincial etc., which has fractured national integration. This publication is in continuation of my previous articles on the challenges of national integration in Pakistan 2018 and the national security paradigm of Pakistan published in 2019. This article investigates the existing status of the Pakistani State and society and how far we have progressed towards achieving national integration both as the State and society. The article also examines various factors impacting the national integration in Pakistan and suggests a course of action for achieving tolerance and harmony in the society to fulfill the dream of creating a progressive and tolerant society.

The National Specificity of the Proverbial Fund: Basic Concepts and Procedure for Determining

The article presents an attempt to define the basic concepts and proposes a methodology for identifying the national specificity of the proverbial fund of a given language in the synchronic plan. In modern linguistics, more and more attention is paid to the study of interlingual specificity / generality of proverbs, both in the theoretical (typological, language and cultural), and in the applied (linguodidactic, lexicographic) terms. However, in linguistics there is no special methodological apparatus for establishing and describing the national specificity of proverbs. The aim of the research is to develop and test the basic concepts and methodology for identifying the national specificity of the proverbial fund of the language in the synchronic plan. Research methods - interlingual comparison, structural and semantic modeling, ethnolinguistic analysis, language and cultural description. The research material was over 1,500 of the most actively used Belarusian proverbs (from its paremiological minimum, the main paremiological fund, the corpus of literary texts), as well as proverbs of the Slavic, Baltic, Germanic, Romanic, Finno-Ugrian languages (more than 220,000 proverbs from the most authoritative paremiographic sources in 34 modern European languages). As a result of the study, it was found that for the differentiation of common with other languages and specific units of the proverbial fund of the language, the synchronic analysis based on the structural and semantic modeling of proverbs is the most objective. The linguistic content of the concepts national specificity of a proverbial fund, unique, international, universal proverb, national specificity of a proverb, national and language specificity, national and cultural marking of a proverb has been determined and verified. The methodology for describing the national specificity of a proverbial fund has been developed and tested. It includes the principles and methods of selecting the most representative units for analysis, the determination of the interlingual specificity / generality of proverbs, the ascertainment of their national and language, national and cultural specificity, the identification of the degree and nature of the national marking of the exact language proverbs. It is proved that the national specificity of the proverbial fund is qualitatively and quantitatively determined not by proverbs that are unique against the background of other languages, but by the national and language and / or national and cultural marking common (international and universal) proverbs of other languages.

FEATURES OF KAZAKH PROVERBS AND THEIR SIMILARITY WITH OTHER TURKIC LANGUAGES

In the article Kazakh proverbs are compared with the proverbs of some Turkic languages and the peculiarities inherent in them are discussed. Folklore scholars attribute proverbs and sayings to ancient genres. Researchers did not pay attention to the peculiarities of this genre and did not give a special definitions proverbs and sayings for each of them. The article briefly mentions the scientific works of scientists who studied Kazakh proverbs and sayings, as well as the definitions of some scholars of folklore scholars. As well as the article discusses the topics of proverbs and sayings, the peculiarities of their genre, as well as examines the influence of proverbs and sayings on folk wisdom, life experience and worldview. The source of Kazakh proverbs is discussed, as well as the common spiritual heritage of the Turkic peoples. İn proverbs and sayings, you can see the advice accumulated over the centuries by the people. In addition to discussing this feature, the article mentions the views of some scientists on the educational role of proverbs. Common proverbs and sayings and their reasons for similarity in the Turkic languages are considered. We also tried to reveal the subject of the common history and spiritual heritage of the Turkic peoples. Since cattle breeding has a special place in the life of nomadic Turks, the topic of livestock had an impact on proverb and sayings also. The article provides several examples of proverbs and sayings from the work of the Turkic dictionary of Mahmud Kashgari and compared them with proverbs in the Kazakh, Bashkir and Nogai languages. Some of these proverbs and sayings which are given in the article are still relevant today.

A black dog enters the home: hunger and malnutrition in Malawi

Hunger and inadequate nutrition are ongoing concerns in rural Malawi and are exemplified in traditional proverbs. Traditional proverbs and common expressions offer insight into commonly held truths across societies throughout...

Rūmī’s Mathnawī, Book Two

Abstract Early in Mathnawī Book Two appears a heavily-debated hemistich: “An interval was needed in order that the blood might turn to milk.” Here Rūmī uses three distinct means to introduce the notion of “Transfiguration of the Senses”: a religious conceit; an allegory – in fact, a common Persian-language proverb; and a brief explanation of Ḥusām al-Dīn’s spiritual ascension. Lacking familiarity with Rūmī’s symbolic language and the transfigurational concept he wishes to introduce, commentators have been unable to reconcile the proverb with the account of Ḥusām al-Dīn’s ascension. To further complicate the issue, Aflākī attributes the delay to the grief of the recently widowed Ḥusām al-Dīn. Here, using textual, contextual and intertextual analysis, we decode Rūmī’s symbolic language and explain “The Transfiguration of the Senses,” as well as Ḥusām al-Dīn’s role as its catalyst. Our findings also lead to a revised chronology of Ḥusām al-Dīn’s spiritual journey and his relationship with Rūmī.

Pragmatic Analysis of the Translation of English Culture-Specific Proverbs into Arabic

Translating culture-specific proverbs (CSPs) is a challenging task since they often occur in a peculiar context. Further, CSPs are intended to imply meanings that extend far beyond the literal meaning of such a kind of proverbs. As far as English and Arabic are concerned, translators often encounter problems in translating CSPs due to cultural differences between the source language(SL) and the target language (TL) as well as what seems to be the lack of equivalence for some CSPs. In view of this, the present study aims at investigating the translation of CSPs in three English-Arabic dictionaries of proverbs, namely Dictionary of Common English Proverbs Translated and Explained (2004), One thousand and One English Proverbs Translated into Arabic (2008) and Dictionary of Wise Sayings and Proverbs (2009). Data of CSPs, in the aforementioned dictionaries, are analyzed as a case study. Specifically, the study attempts to examine whether CSPs are well translated and whether the translation strategies utilized have reflected the ST intended meaning (IM) and the embedded cultural implications as well. Out of the total data on CSPs, only ten examples are selected as representative samples for analysis. For the purpose of carrying out a meaningful analysis of the translation of CSPs, an eclectic model is adapted. It consists of Baker's (2011) cultural substitution strategy (CSS) in combination with Venuti's (2008) domestication strategy (DS) and Nida's (1964/1975) Functional (closest natural) equivalent as well. This proposed eclectic model was considered as the main theoretical framework of the study. Findings of the study revealed that the selected data have often shown low levels of adequacy in terms of expressing the meanings and pragmatic functions of the ST in the TT. Specifically, the selected translators provide inadequate translations of the cultural implications of the ST in the TT. In addition, this study concludes that translators can successfully render the intended meanings and the cultural elements of CSPs had they been not only bilingual but also bicultural since Arabic, particularly the Qur'an, Hadith, and the Arabic literature, is rich with CSPs that cover issues corresponding to those found in English proverbs. It is worth noting that even if the TL equivalent exists, it would not necessarily accomplish complete equivalence since the ways of expressing meaning and the usage of proverbs differ among languages.

Empowering women in India: A way not a destination

"Identity of men is hidden in women and there is a common proverb that says behind the success of everyman there is a women but success of women keeps men ahead." Of the 1.3 billion people who living in absolute poverty around the Globe, 70% are women for these women, poverty does not just mean scarcity and want. It means rights denied, opportunities curtailed and voices silenced. The situations remains far worse at the apex of power: out of 179 nations worldwide, only nine currently have a woman elected head of State or government. Historical shows that only 39 states have ever elected a women President or prime minister. Women are less than one tenth of the world's cabinet ministers and hold one fifth of all sub- ministerial positions (UN2000).NGOs and international agencies, major barriers continue to restrict women's advancement in public life. The extensive comparative literature seeking to explain these cross-national disparities has suggested multiple reasons behind this phenomenon, including the importance of cultural attitudes, social structure and political institutions.Empowerment of women is the key devices to enable them resurrects their status multifariously in the society and reconcile them to share virilities of the fast development world. This device is significant in view of the role that women can more effectively play in all vital areas. It en lights the skills and qualities of women leaders and managers to face challenges and how women has converted the cultural and social obstacles into inspiration ladders for their success or identity. By empowerment of women is meant that the conferment of power by means of low in all matters affect gender interests, related to family well being and socio economic national affairs, providing for participation in decision making in all such matters. Empowerment means to inspire women with the courage to break free from the chains of limiting beliefs, patterns and societal or religious conditions that have traditionally kept women suppressed and unable to realize their true beauty and power. Women's lack of empowerment is believed to be an important factor in the persistence prevalence of malnutrition. This paper presents and highlights on the opportunities and challenges of women workforce in India The present study deals the Empowerment in Management and Women empowerment and how the social and economic factors can contribute to women empowerment and also dealing the changes in women's mobility, interactions, labor patterns, infra household decision making and control over recourses, and also explaining the factors which are to be considered for empowerment.

A study of socio-cultural elements in common proverbs in Khorasan Razavi with emphasis on Kashmar city

One of the manifestations of culture and civilization and even literature of any country is the proverbs, rulings and short and rich words that arise from the greats of science and literature or from the common people and in our vast and ancient language there are thousands of proverbs and words Which has taste, thought and kindness and good interpretation in saying the meaning. The people of a society, when they find their experiences and reserves and those of the past as accepted and certain facts, express them in short sentences, in the form of poetry or prose, so that when they use them, the audience Immerse yourself in deep thought and leave a lasting impression on him. In fact, proverbs are the essence of a nation's collective wisdom that has been polished over time and passed down to us heart to heart. In our country, due to its ancient history, there are many proverbs. Although in different Iranian ethnic groups these proverbs have differences in language and dialect, but many of them are common in terms of meaning or concept. This article tries to examine the socio-cultural elements of the proverbs common in Kashmar city, its roots, dialect and their uses.

A General View on Arabic and Persian Proverbs and the Major Approaches on their Translation

Proverbs are among the most prominent pillars of culture, and the best way to know the ideas, cultures, morals and relationships of nations. Proverbs were a source of attention for researchers as one of the branches of literature. Proverbs are similar in many languages, particularly those from a single linguistic family. But even though the Persian language and the Arabic language do not descend from the same family, the similarity between them in this field is large and striking to the extent that it is difficult to say with certainty that the origin of these similar proverbs belongs to either of them. This can be attributed to a number of reasons, the most prominent of which is the juxtaposition, trade and cultural divisions common to the two nations. The study included three sections. The first section included an indication of the history of proverbs, their codification, and their types. As for the second section, the researcher referred to the most prominent sources of proverbs and their benefits, and the last section included the most prominent methods used in translating proverbs between the Persian and Arabic languages. Among the most important findings of the researcher is that there are three cases or images of proverbs between these two languages; the first is the common proverbs in the word and the meaning, the second is the common proverbs in the meaning and different in the word, and the last proverbs that have no equivalent or equivalent between the two languages.

Aproximación mediante encuestas a las paremias usuales comunes entre España e Hispanoamérica aplicables a las clases de traducción general

En este artículo se pretende 1) conocer si una selección de 60 paremias españolas catalogadas en el Refranero Multilingüe de Cervantes Virtual como frecuentes en España son conocidas y usadas Hispanoamérica y 2) detectar las variaciones formales existentes en las paremias comunes al español peninsular e hispanoamericano. Todo ello con vistas a iniciar el camino hacia un mínimo paremiológico del español que sirva para la creación de materiales relacionados con la fraseotraducción para las clases de Traducción General.

Confronting Ageism and the Dilemmas of Aging: Literary Gerontology and Poetic Imagination—Baranskaya to Marinina

Literary gerontology, a relatively new field of scholarship, endeavors to contemplate, analyze, and examine social, cultural, and biological expectations and ageist stereotypes as well as to query perceptions, representations, and misrepresentations of aging and old age, frailty and dementia, forms of victimization, family relationships, and the experience of daily life. Research requires the examination of both external and internal perspectives of social gerontology and its expression in literary and linguistic forms. These may include discourses emerging from a theoretical distance (gerontology, biology, demography, psychology, philosophy, etc.) as well as discourses stemming from subjective or experiential knowledge (diaries, autobiography, prose, poetry as well as common proverbs and adages). This essay endeavors to investigate Russian cultural stereotypes of the constructs of aging not only via Eriksonian psychosocial theory, Ol’ga Krasnova’s challenge to ageist delusions, or the United Nation’s World Report on Aging and Health, but through the poetic imagination as reflected in literary discourse expressed in a vividly imagined portrait gallery of older male and female heroes, and the linguistic discourse inhabiting the cultural legacy of proverbs and sayings. For example, while Natalya Baranskaya’s 1968 story “Provody” (The Retirement Party) offers readers a chance to evaluate the effect of retirement on the heroine’s identity, by 1999 Prizrak muzyki (The Spector of Music), Aleksandra Marinina’s novel, provides a radical alternative to the image of the old woman as victim. Meanwhile, Irina Muravyova and Ludmila Ulitskaya vividly envisage images of older women as victimizers. In contrast, Ludmilla Petrushevskaya’s “Most Vaterloo” (Waterloo Bridge, 1995) and Ludmila Ulitskaya’s “Vtorogo marta togo zhe goda” (March Second of That Year, 1991) proffer the poetic imagination as agency, challenging society’s culturally imposed ageist stereotypes, while Denis Dragunsky’s and Tatyana Tolstaya’s narratives suggest how older male heroes retrospectively and prospectively imagine and contemplate alternatives of aging and dying. Text in English DOI: 10.25285/2078-1938-2020-12-2-146-168

Robert Owen’s Experiment at New Lanark: From Paternalism to Socialism

Robert Owen’s Experiment at New Lanark: From Paternalism to Socialism

Interpretive Structural Modeling to evaluate the key barriers inhibiting successful implementation of Overall Equipment Effectiveness

The scope of study is to cover the critical and significant barriers in implementation of overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) through interpretive structural modelling (ISM). Based on a common proverb "If we can't measure it, we can't improve it", ISM is the competent approach to measure the significance of its various variables (barriers), their hierarchy and interdependency on each other. The barriers affecting OEE implementation may vary as per industrial sectors, but the goal would remain the same, i.e., to embellish the performance. Fourteen critical barriers of OEE implementation were analysed with the directions and guidelines of industrial and academic experts. In addition, ISM model is proposed for the key barriers. ISM may be used to understand the relationship between barriers. Once the behavioural pattern of barriers is determined through ISM, it is easy to predict the issues related to equipment's maintenance and efficiency over a specific phase of time.

The phenomenon of deformation of proverbs through the prism of the paremiological space’s laws

A study of the methods of speech transformation for common language units shows that any language creativity, even the most inventive and unusual, relies in its methods on the cumulative experience available in the arsenal of native speakers. The paremiological space of the language, which is a set of all proverbial units that reveal the most diverse types of relationships among themselves, also includes a number of units of other levels — typical syntactic and logical structures, stable binomials that serve as the basis of proverbs, proverbial fragments with semantics assigned to them, and generalized ideas implemented by several units of the language of different lexical content and grammatical model. The language game, which embraced the sphere of paremias in the post-Soviet era of “carnivalizing” the language, manifested itself in the formation of new units according to existing models (Luchshe dlinnaia zhivaja ochered’, chem korotkaia avtomatnaia), in contaminations (Baba s vozu — volki syty), in the replication of countless versions of occasional endings for ordinary paremias (Ne pliui v kolodets — prigoditsia pliunut’; … vylezet — ne prokormish’), semantic deciphers (Deti tsvety zhizni, no ne nado davat’ im raspuskat’sia), etc. The focus of article is the sphere of language transformations of an expression with structure that allows for varied deviations from the usual form, for example the paremia Chem dal’she v les, tem bol’she drov according to the dictionary “Anti-proverbs of the Russian people” (2005) and Internet materials. Examples of the intentional deconstruction of habitual paremias show that destruction does not occur, since the proverbial form and logical-syntactic model of a common proverb appears in new units and even part of the neologism continues to be the bearer of its meaning, enriched with occasional semantic additions.

Physical activity in prevention of cancer and better prognosis

Cancer is a multifactorial disease with genetic and environmental risk factors. Environmental factors may also be termed as modifiable risk factors and these contribute towards 35% of cancer related mortalities as reported by World Health Organization. Obesity is the leading risk factor in this regard, causing not only deaths due to cancer but also to many other diseases. Among different factors causing obesity, a major contributor is lack of physical activity. In this era of modern technology and digitalization, sedentary mode of life has become a part of life and is mostly unavoidable. At the same time, there is a rise in the incidence of cancer. In the olden times, people used to do all manual work, a lot of walk, exercise and had healthy life style. Such healthy life style may have prevented them from various diseases. Physical activity as a therapy on daily basis, is associated with a reduction in incidence of various carcinomas. It may improve overall wellbeing of healthy people as well as diseases persons from various ailments. As it is a common proverb that, “prevention is better than cure”, physical activity serves as a preventive measure for various diseases and also for fitness of normal healthy people. Although it is a known fact, yet planned population studies are required to provide evidence. Instead of unorganized physical activities, a structured physical activity may help in improvement of condition of cancer patients, prevention of cancer, cancer related deaths as well we quality of life. Healthcare providers should guide the patients in this regard. There is lack of awareness among physicians and mostly they don’t refer them to physical therapists. There is also lack of information regarding the implementation of the programs and regimens of physical exercises for different diseases and cancers. Physical therapists may guide the patients in terms of frequency, intensity, duration of exercises which may serve as a betterment of their condition.