Commercial Ones Research Articles

An improved gaining-sharing knowledge algorithm for parameter extraction of photovoltaic models

The optimal operation of solar cells depends on the accurate determination of parameters in the Photovoltaic (PV) models, such as resistance and currents, which may vary due to unstable weathers conditions and equipment aging. The precise selection of these parameters resembles a multi-variable, nonlinear and multi-modal problem. Despite a few parameter extraction techniques being available to solve such a problem, more-accurate and advanced solutions still present a challenging research question. This paper therefore proposes an improved gaining-sharing knowledge (IGSK) algorithm to accurately and precisely extract the parameters of PV models. The improvement in the classical GSK algorithm is incorporated by introducing an adaptive mechanism to automatically adjust the value of the knowledge rate parameter. This adaptive mechanism ensures the balance between the number of dimensions updated by the junior gaining-sharing phase and the number of dimensions updated by the senior gaining-sharing phase. A bound-constraint handling method is also presented and a linear population size reduction technique is used to boost the speed of convergence and to maintain a tared-off between the exploration and exploitation properties. The efficacy of the proposed IGSK has been demonstrated by considering three different PV modules models, i.e., single diode, double diode, and PV modules and two other commercial ones (Thin Film ST40 and Mono-crystalline SM55). For those modules, the proposed IGSK receptively produces the following outcomes: 0.00098602188, 0.0009827277, 0.0024250749, 0.0017298137, and 0.016600603. The statistical obtained results demonstrate that the IGSK indicates competitive or even better performance on convergence speed, accuracy and reliability compared with other competing techniques. Therefore, the proposed approach is believed to be an effective and efficient alternative for parameter extraction of PV models.

Eco-Compatible Construction Materials Containing Ceramic Sludge and Packaging Glass Cullet

This research reports results of eco-compatible building material obtained without natural raw materials. A mixture of sludge from a ceramic wastewater treatment plant and glass cullet from the urban collection was used to obtain high sintered products suitable to be used as covering floor/wall tiles in buildings. The fired samples were tested by water absorption, linear shrinkage, apparent density, and mechanical and chemical properties. Satisfactory results were achieved from densification properties and SEM/XRD analyses showed a compact polycrystalline microstructure with albite and wollastonite embedded in the glassy phase, similar to other commercial glass-ceramics. Besides, the products were obtained with a reduction of 200 °C with respect to the firing temperatures of commercial ones. Additionally, the realized materials were undergone to leaching test following Italian regulation to evaluate the mobility of hazardous ions present into the sludge. The data obtained verified that after thermal treatment the heavy metals were immobilized into the ceramic matrix without further environmental impact for the product use. The results of the research confirm that this valorization of matter using only residues produces glass ceramics high sintered suitable to be used as tile with technological properties similar or higher than commercial ones.

Development of a Novel Design and Subsequent Fabrication of an Automated Touchless Hand Sanitizer Dispenser to Reduce the Spread of Contagious Diseases.

Background: The use of a touchless automated hand sanitizer dispenser may play a key role to reduce contagious diseases. The key problem of the conventional ultrasonic and infra-red-based dispensers is their malfunctioning due to the interference of sunlight, vehicle sound, etc. when deployed in busy public places. To overcome such limitations, this study introduced a laser-based sensing device to dispense sanitizer in an automated touchless process. Method: The dispensing system is based on an Arduino circuit breadboard where an ATmega328p microcontroller was pre-installed. To sense the proximity, a light-dependent resistor (LDR) is used where the laser light is to be blocked after the placement of human hands, hence produced a sharp decrease in the LDR sensor value. Once the LDR sensor value exceeds the lower threshold, the pump is actuated by the microcontroller, and the sanitizer dispenses through the nozzle. Results and discussion: A novel design and subsequent fabrication of a low-cost, touchless, automated sanitizer dispenser to be used in public places, was demonstrated. The overall performance of the manufactured device was analyzed based on the cost and power consumption, and environmental factors by deploying it in busy public places as well as in indoor environment in major cities in Bangladesh, and found to be more efficient and cost-effective compared to other dispensers available in the market. A comprehensive discussion on this unique design compared to the conventional ultrasonic and infra-red based dispensers, is presented to show its suitability over the commercial ones. The guidelines of the World Health Organization are followed for the preparation of sanitizer liquid. A clear demonstration of the circuitry connections is presented herein, which facilitates the interested individual to manufacture a cost-effective dispenser device in a relatively short time and use it accordingly. Conclusion: This study reveals that the LDR-based automated hand sanitizer dispenser system is a novel concept, and it is cost-effective compared to the conventional ones. The presented device is expected to play a key role in contactless hand disinfection in public places, and reduce the spread of infectious diseases in society.

Genetic origin and climate determine fruit quality and antioxidant traits on apple (Malus x domestica Borkh)

Apples are highly appreciated in terms of flavor, nutritional and health-promoting compounds and are associated with a reduced risk to develop age-related and chronic diseases. In this study, 155 accessions of Malus x domestica Borkh from the apple germplasm collection, located at the Experimental Station of Aula Dei in NE Spain, were analyzed during five consecutive years (2014–2018). Basic fruit quality traits including soluble solids content (SSC), titratable acidity (TA) and the ratio SSC/TA (ripening index - RI) were obtained. In addition, biochemical compounds such as total phenolics content (TPC), flavonoids (TFC), vitamin C (Ascorbic acid - AsA) and relative antioxidant capacity (RAC) were determined. Statistical analysis was used to determine differences in trait values among accessions and years. The well adapted local accessions showed, in general, higher average content of antioxidants and RAC compared with the foreign and commercial ones. A multivariate model was fitted with the accessions and climate features of each year as independent variables. A cluster analysis was then performed on the model coefficients space to classify the 155 accessions within five groups. The cluster analysis showed that foreign cultivars (those not originating from Spain) were concentrated in two groups while local accessions could not be segregated and had very different profiles. Furthermore, they increased the concentration of bioactive compounds tended to decrease with higher temperatures, while increased with higher solar radiation. Statistical analyses emphasized differences between groups and highlighted accessions and climate as main factors affecting metabolite profiles and fruit characteristics.

The gastronomic show in the TV program grid: typological features

Gastronomic culture is becoming more and more evident in the media sphere. Taking different forms – aesthetic, imagistic, stylistic, informative-communicative, this kind of content is situated among the most rated programs that form the broadcasting of television stations, especially commercial ones. Culinary shows are among the most popular television programs to which the local public has access. The purpose of this research is to establish the structural-discursive particularities of culinary programs, as well as to realize a typology of these television formats. The gastronomic shows placed on the broadcast on the local and retransmitted television stations that have at least one gastronomic show on the grid were subjected to a content analysis.

A hydrolytically stable amide polar stationary phase for hydrophilic interaction chromatography

A novel amide functionalized polar stationary phase has been described by grafting acrylamide polymer coating onto hydrolysed poly (glycidyl methacrylate-divinylbenzene) (GMA-DVB) microsphere. The grafting of acrylamide coating is performed via free radical polymerization of acrylamide with pendant double bonds of hydrolysed GMA-DVB microsphere. The obtained stationary phase (G-pAM) possesses favorable hydrophilicity, as proved by strong retention and good separation ability towards several types of model polar analytes (e.g. 71913 plates/m plate count of sucrose), and excellent hydrolytically stability, as indicated by extremely low bleed level (much superior to commercial ones, ~23.7-fold–~77.4-fold lower). Negligible baseline drift under gradient elution (water fraction even up to 50%) was observed. It also exhibits good selectivity in the separation of isomers and homologue sugars.

Comparison of Bioactive Substances Content between Commercial and Wild-Type Isolates of Pleurotus eryngii

Mushrooms belonging to Pleurotus genus have been demonstrated to have important nutritional and medicinal value and their regular intake prevent many diseases, reduce the infection probability and increase immunity. In order to investigate the bioactive compounds produced by seven commercial (‘142 F’, ‘142 E’, ‘D+’, ‘V turbo’, ‘V 142’, ‘A 12’, ‘V 160’) and five wild-type (‘Albino 1107’, ‘Altamura 1603’, ‘Muro Lucano 139’, ‘Conversano 1250’, ‘Albino beige chiaro 1094’) P. eryngii isolates, the following qualitative analyses were performed: Total polyphenol content, antioxidant activity (EC50 of ABTS) and antiradical power (ARP) in fresh lyophilized and dry basidioma, and water content, β-glucans and phenolic compounds in fresh samples. Standard methods were employed for each of the above mentioned aims. Total polyphenol content was diverse among the P. eryngii isolates. In particular, an elevated polyphenolic content was found in fresh lyophilized P. eryngii samples of the commercial isolates ‘V 142’ followed by ‘A 12’. The highest antiradical activity (ARP) was obtained by ‘Muro Lucano 139’ isolate. Wild P. eryngii isolates were characterized by higher water and β-glucans contents compared to the commercial ones, and the highest values were registered for the ‘Albino beige chiaro 1094’ isolate. In conclusion, the present study allowed us to identify the commercial and wild-type P. eryngii isolates from the Basilicata region, with high nutritional and medicinal value based on their bioactive compounds.

The Leave of Court Requirement for Instituting Derivative Actions in the UK: A Ten-Year Jurisprudential Excursion

The judiciary-exclusive role to allow or deny the commencement or continuation of contemporary derivative litigation is one of the critical aspects of such proceedings. Before the 2006 codification, derivative actions were brought under the common law as exceptions to the rule in Foss v Harbottle (1843) 67 ER 189. However, after realising intolerable deficiencies in the common law, the United Kingdom Law Commission (the Law Commission) recommended that there should be a new derivative procedure that met modern demands. This resulted in a statutory derivative remedy which can be activated in terms of Chapter 1 of Part 11 of the UK Companies Act, 2006. The effectiveness of legislative regulatory devices generally, and commercial law-related ones in particular, may to a greater extent depend on judicial interpretation and application. A conservative and literal interpretive approach that is purpose-neutral will significantly undermine the prospect of the current derivative remedy regime’s achieving the intended policy objectives. To that end, this contribution examines several court decisions handed down after the enactment of the 2006 Act and spanning over a period of approximately ten years. Ultimately, it will be considered whether the leave requirement in English derivative litigation is proving to be an invaluable and indispensable procedural prerequisite or an implausible barrier to honest litigants.

Biodegradable film production from agroforestry and fishery residues with active compounds

An increasing interest in food packaging materials without environmental impact and able to improve shelf life has emerged in the last decade. The aim of this work was to produce biodegradable films from agroforestry (pine stumps) and fishery (chitosan) residues with active compounds. N-carboxybutylchitosan (CBC) films were developed with the inclusion of a reinforcing material (cellulose), plasticizers (silicone or glycerol) and/or an antioxidant extract from pine stumps. These films were characterised in terms of physicochemical properties and cytotoxicity. Films with glycerol presented higher elasticity, while pure CBC films showed the most adequate water vapour barrier properties. Films had thickness values (55–70 μm) similar to commercial ones, and slightly hydrophobic properties (contact angles of ∼ 84–102 °). All films revealed low cytotoxicity, with the exception of the extract-loaded films. However, these have potential to increase food shelf life and decrease photo-oxidation, due to their opacity/brown colour.

Effect of Sowing Date on Bioactive Compounds and Grain Morphology of Three Pigmented Cereal Species

Recently, the interest in improving the content of bioactive compounds for enhancing the nutritional value of cereal-based products has largely increased, and several strategies, both genetic and agronomic, were proposed. Here, we report the preliminary results of the effect of two sowing periods (winter and spring) on the accumulation of bioactive compounds (i.e., anthocyanins, carotenoids, minerals) and grain morphology in three pigmented cereal species (barley, bread and durum wheat). The results showed that with delayed sowing time, a significant reduction in yield was observed in all species, less in barley (50.4%) than in wheat (70.3% and 66.5% for bread and durum, respectively). On the contrary, the carotenoids accumulation was favored (increased by 12.2%, 15.7% and 27.8% for barley, bread and durum wheat, respectively), as well as those of anthocyanins although strongly dependent on the genotype (i.e., considering only the purple genotypes, the anthocyanins increase by 4.6%, 35.4% and 72.8% in barley, bread and durum wheat, respectively). For minerals compounds, our study highlighted a strong environmental influence even when the pigmented genotypes accumulated more minerals than commercial ones, while the morphometric seed traits were less influenced by this agronomic practice. Therefore, by exploiting the genetic variability for the accumulation of anthocyanins and carotenoids in the grain and by optimizing the sowing time, it could be possible to increase the nutritional value of the final cereal-based products.

Rheological and Nutritional Assessment of Dysphagia-Oriented New Food Preparations.

Dysphagia that involves difficulty swallowing food and liquids is a symptom of different diseases. In some cases, patients who experience this symptom should be fed with modified consistency foods. Dysphagia is often accompanied by malnutrition and dehydration and an interesting approach to dealing with these conditions is to provide patients with nutrient-rich foods. In this study, two new food formulations for dysphagia patients are proposed: a cereal-based protein meal and a vegetable cream. The nutritional and rheological characteristics of the two innovative preparations were assessed and compared with those of commercial products. The proposed protein meal formulations meet the criteria for the “high protein” claim and the vegetable cream meets those of the “source of fiber” claim. The rheological investigation revealed that the flow properties of the innovative formulations were comparable to those of the commercial ones. Based on these preliminary outcomes, this investigation represents an interesting perspective potentially valuable to enlarge the offer of possibilities for people suffering from swallowing disorders.

Mechanical, durability, depolluting and electrical properties of multifunctional mortars prepared with commercial or waste carbon-based fillers

Carbon-based fillers from industrial wastes and commercial ones were compared to improve the properties of lime-based mixes. As commercial fillers, graphene nanoplatelets and activated carbon were used, whereas as industrial wastes a char obtained by the gasification of biomasses and a used foundry sand were chosen. Carbon-based wastes were found to be a good cost-effective alternative to commercial carbon based fillers to increase the compressive strength (of about 25%) and to reduce water capillary absorption (of about 50%) thanks to the paste refinement; to enhance depollution capacity (of about 25%) and increase both electrical conductivity (up to 65%) and electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (of about 6%) of the hardened compounds thanks to the carbon content.

Preserving Biodiversity as Source of Health Promoting Compounds: Phenolic Profile and Biological Activity of Four Varieties of Solanum lycopersicum L.

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is a precious source of specialized metabolites with a great role in human health. Many varieties of tomatoes characterize the south of Italy’s agronomic production and biodiversity, thanks to its warm temperatures and favorable weather. The preservation of biodiversity is a major goal of recent years, as each variety shows a peculiar phytochemical profile and provides a wide variety of metabolites with health-beneficial properties. Among the wide range of tomato varieties, literature focused on the most commercially-known types, including San Marzano and Datterino, while this study considered typical South Italy varieties for the first time, as well as Crovarese and Arsicolo. The aim of our work is to enrich the current knowledge about the tomato by evaluating the carotenoid content, the phytochemical profile by HPLC-DAD, and the biological activity of the different parts (peel, fruit, pulp, and seeds) of niche cultivars compared with commercial ones. Radical scavenging activity, assessed by the 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method, was higher in Crovarese peel extract, while Arsicolo possessed the highest lycopene content, underlying the importance of local ecotypes as a precious source of health promoting compounds. However, out of all of the varieties considered, peel extract was the most active one, opening new insights on their valorization in light of the circular economy.

Soft chemical processing approach for the valorization of seafood waste by-products as a source of bioactive polymers

Abstract Chitin and chitosan as green and active biomacromolecules were extracted from local seafood waste (shrimp shells). The extraction was carried out by a soft chemical process, followed by structural characterization (FTIR, XRD, viscosity average molecular weight M̅v), thermal stability by TGA, and antibacterial tests. FTIR and XRD spectra confirmed the chemical structures of the extracted chitin and chitosan which were similar to the commercial ones. The chitin and chitosan had an average viscosimetric molar weight of 232.21 kDa and 41 kDa, respectively. The chitosan had a high deacetylation degree (DD = 71 %) and low cristallinity index (Icr = 68.3 %); compared to chitin, which exhibited a lower deacetylation degree (DD = 24.27 %), higher thermal stability and higher cristallinity index (Icr = 87.55 %). A bacteriostatic effect of chitin was observed in the gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium. Chitosan exhibited a bacteriostatic effect on all bacteria tested, except Salmonella typhimurium.

Rail Surface Inspection System Using Differential Topographic Images

In this article, a surface inspection system for rails is presented. Rails must meet the strict requirements of international quality standards; however, there are few commercial surface inspection systems for rails and also a lack of publications describing the design and configuration of inspection systems in detail. Therefore, manufacturers must develop their own systems or buy one of the few commercial ones available. These systems also need a long, cumbersome, and expensive configuration process that the manufacturer cannot perform without the assistance of the inspection system provider. The system proposed in this article needs a set of samples and the requirements of the international standards to carry out an automatic configuration process avoiding the cost of manual configuration. The system uses four profilometers to acquire the surface of the rail. The acquired data is compared to a mathematical model of the rail to generate differential topographic images of the surface of the rail. Then a computer vision algorithm is used to detect defects based on the tolerances established in the international quality standards. The system has been tested and validated using a set of rails and a rail pattern from ArcelorMittal, with better results than the other two systems installed in a factory. <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup>

COMPUTATIONAL STUDY ON THE PERFORMANCE OF A CENTRIFUGAL LVAD WITH THE IMPELLER DESIGNED BY INDUSTRIAL METHOD: PROPOSING SIMPLE-TO-MANUFACTURE LVAD’S IMPELLERS

Although the demand of donor hearts for patients with end-stage heart failure is growing, its supply has remained constant. Ventricular assist devices (VADs) provide a chance of finding donor heart by increasing waiting period. In this study, the main goal is to employ an industrial method (point-by-point method) for designing blades profile with a simplified geometry which can be produced by conventional manufacturing methods. In this study, a centrifugal continuous-flow rotary pump is designed and the effects of components’ different geometries on the left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) function are investigated. Moreover, both hydraulic performance and blood damages (hemolysis index (HI)) caused by the pump are considered as design criteria. ANSYS CFX 17 is used to analyze the performance of the designed LVAD. Additionally, the geometry of components are investigated based on fulfilling the required performance of the LVAD while reducing the blood damage level. Comparing the designed VAD with the commercial ones shows that the designed blade further improves the performance of the centrifugal LVAD. Therefore, designing the impeller’s blade profile with point-by-point method seems to be promising. Simplicity in manufacturing is considered to be a big advantage for a design which also leads to lower manufacturing costs. This study demonstrates how industrial design methods can be employed to design simple-to-manufacture impellers which are suitable for LVADs.

Challenges for Midwives' Healthcare Practice in the Next Decade: COVID-19 - Global Climate Changes - Aging and Pregnancy - Gestational Alcohol Abuse.

Midwives are multifaceted healthcare professionals whose competence spectrum includes a large variety of knowledge and skills going from antenatal care to education and research. The aim of this review is to suggest the future challenges midwives are going to face in the upcoming decade of this Century. COVID-19 and other infections will reasonably impact healthcare workers all over the world. Midwives are frontline healthcare professionals who are constantly at risk of contagion as their job implies close contact with women, physical support and hand touch. Also, menstruation waste plays a large role in the pollution of waters, severely impacting hygiene in the developing countries and fueling climate change. Appropriate disposal of used menstrual material is still insufficient in many countries of the world especially because of lack of sanitary education on girls. As educators, midwives will be more involved into preventing inappropriate disposal of menstrual hygiene devices by educating girls around the world about the green alternatives to the commercial ones. Despite the evidences about the fertility decrement that occurs with aging, women keep postponing reproduction and increasing their chance being childless or suffering complications related to the advanced maternal age. Teen pregnancies are as well an important issue for midwives who will be called to face more age-related issues and use a tailored case to case approach, enhancing their family planning skills. Another crucial role of midwifery regards the information about the risk of drinking alcohol during gestation. Alcohol assumption during pregnancy is responsible for serious damage to the fetus causing a wide range of pathological conditions related to Fetal Alcoholic Spectrum Disorder, leading cause of mental retardation in children of western countries. On the whole, midwives have demonstrated their willingness to expand their practice through continuing professional development, and through specialist and advanced roles especially in preventive and educational positions.

PROMETHEUS: A Copper-Based Polymetallic Catalyst for Automotive Applications. Part I: Synthesis and Characterization.

According to the strict European exhaust emissions standards that have been imposed by European legislation there is an elevated need for the decrease of the toxic gas emissions from vehicles. Therefore, car manufacturers have implemented a series of catalytic devices in the aftertreatment of the engine to comply with the standards. All catalytic devices (such as three-way catalysts, diesel particulate filters and diesel oxidation catalysts) accumulate concentrated loading of platinum group metals (PGMs, platinum, palladium, rhodium) as the active catalytic phase. Thus, the demand for PGMs is constantly increasing with a subsequent increase in their market prices. As a result, the research on catalytic converters of high activity and reduced cost/PGM loading is of great interest. In the present work, the Prometheus catalyst, a polymetallic nanosized copper-based catalyst for automotive emission control applications, is presented in two different metal loadings (2 wt% and 5 wt%) and metal ratios (Cu/Pd/Rh = 21/7/1 and Cu/Pd/Rh = 21/7/3). For the first time, a three-metal (copper, palladium, rhodium) nano-catalyst has been synthesized and characterized on a large scale. By using copper as an active catalytic phase, a reduction of PGMs loading is achieved (up to 85%) resulting in a novel catalytic device with similar or improved catalytic performance compared to commercial ones. The Prometheus catalyst is prepared by a wet impregnation method, using as a carrier an inorganic mixed oxide (CeZrO4) exhibiting elevated oxygen storage capacity (OSC). The heterogeneous catalytic powders produced were characterized by both spectroscopic and analytical methods. The metal content and ratio were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The morphology and the catalyst particle size were determined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The investigation revealed homogeneous particle formation and dispersion. The deposition of the metal nanoparticles on the porous inorganic carrier was verified with N2 sorption. Catalytic performance and reactivity of a catalyst (pure wash coat) with molar ratio 21/7/1 and a full-scale Prometheus catalyst with the desired loading of 15 g/ft3 were tested on an in-house synthetic gas bench (SGB) for the abatement of CO, CH4 and NO, both presenting high catalytic activity.

CVD Conditions for MWCNTs Production and Their Effects on the Optical and Electrical Properties of PPy/MWCNTs, PANI/MWCNTs Nanocomposites by In Situ Electropolymerization

In this work, the optimal conditions of synthesizing and purifying carbon nanotubes (CNTs) from ferrocene were selected at the first stage, where decomposition time, argon fluxes, precursor amounts, decomposition temperature (at 1023 K and 1123 K), and purification process (HNO3 + H2SO4 or HCl + H2O2), were modulated through chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and compared to commercial CNTs. The processing temperature at 1123 K and the treatment with HCl + H2O2 were key parameters influencing the purity, crystallinity, stability, and optical/electrical properties of bamboo-like morphology CNTs. Selected multiwalled CNTs (MWCNTs), from 1 to 20 wt%, were electropolymerized through in-situ polarization with conductive polymers (CPs), poly(aniline) (PANI) and poly(pyrrole) (PPy), for obtaining composites. In terms of structural stability and electrical properties, MWCNTs obtained by CVD were found to be better than commercial ones for producing CPs composites. The CNTs addition in both polymeric matrixes was of 6.5 wt%. In both systems, crystallinity degree, related to the alignment of PC chains on MWCNTs surface, was improved. Electrical conductivity, in terms of the carrier density and mobility, was adequately enhanced with CVD CNTs, which were even better than the evaluated commercial CNTs. The findings of this study demonstrate that synergistic effects among the hydrogen bonds, stability, and conductivity are better in PANI/MWCNTs than in PPy/MWCNTs composites, which open a promissory route to prepare materials for different technological applications.

BROWNIES FROM MANGROVE FRUIT FLOUR: THE USE OF VARIATION OF FLOURS AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO HIGH FOOD NUTRITION

Brownies is a popular high-calorie snack. In this studied, brownies were processed from several types of flour, namely pedada fruit (Sonneratia caseolaris) flour, api-api (Avicennia officinalis) flour, red bean flour, and modified cassava flour with nutritional value and health benefits compared to the commercial ones (from wheat flour). The purpose of this studied was to determine the used of a variety of superior flours as raw material for making brownies in terms of nutritional value and leveled of preference. The experimental design used a completely randomized design (CRD) with test parameters including the leveled of preference, caloric value, fiber, and proximate composition. The results of the studied were tested for variance using spss version 22 software with a 95% confidence interval. The results showed that the best results were brownies made from pedada fruit flour because they had higher fiber and lowered calories with test scores for calorie content, crude fiber, air content, fat content, protein content, ash content, carbohydrate content respectively. 401. 87 kcal each; 16.49%; 18.32%; 21.7%; 4.03%; 1.44%; and 54.64%.