Commercial Experience Research Articles

TCT-920 Early U.S. Commercial Experience With an Intra-Annular, Self-Expandable Valve in High-Risk Patients: 30-Day Results From the Navitor Postapproval Study

TCT-920 Early U.S. Commercial Experience With an Intra-Annular, Self-Expandable Valve in High-Risk Patients: 30-Day Results From the Navitor Postapproval Study

The state of Louisiana’s freshwater commercial fishery: a study of fishermen’s attitudes towards fishing and their future

As an important contributor to Louisiana’s economy, the commercial freshwater fisheries have been the subject of growing attention in recent years by resource managers as the industry appears to be on the brink of collapse. Fewer participants are entering the field, fish buyers and processors are closing, and market prices remain stagnant. To better understand this industry, we conducted a study to characterize the commercial freshwater fisheries in Louisiana including the fishermen, the fishing operations, the effort across the state, local knowledge on management issue and barriers and opportunities for the future of the industry. We completed structured interviews at fish houses across Louisiana. The average full-time fisherman was 56 years old with about 34 years of commercial fishing experience, and catfish (Ictaluridae spp.) and buffalo (Ictobius spp.) appear to be the most sought-after finfish; however, this slightly differs by region. Overall, this study provides in-depth insight into the trends, problems, and successes of Louisiana’s freshwater commercial fisheries. This information will allow managers and other groups like cooperative extension to identify and design opportunities for the industry and utilize their information in management across the state.

Digitalization and alternative marketing channels in the Uruguayan fruit and vegetable chain

This study aims to delve into the potentials and difficulties of digitalization on the real commercial experience of some of the fundamental actors in the Uruguayan fruit and vegetable chain (producers, merchants, intermediaries, consumers, and private and public technicians). For that, these social actors and their projects were described and consulted in search of appreciations or points of view regarding technical innovations, barriers to commercialization, family labor, public policies, pressure for land use, and other complex problems. Through a “snowball sampling”, carrying out semi-structured questionnaires for more than 4 months from INIA Las Brujas, we obtained information mainly from actors in the south and some points in the northwest and east-central Uruguay. Opinions come from the complexity of people in their different roles, with the expected emergence of tensions and contradictions at different moments of the participatory-action research. We could appreciate that the Fourth and Fifth Industrial Revolution are having a significant impact in the Uruguayan fruit and vegetable chain. Digital technology is providing new tools for marketing such as: electronic commerce platforms, mobile applications, traceability and monitoring technologies for data analysis, etc. Support in this transformation comes both from private initiatives and public projects, some of which are outlined. We discuss some causes of digitalization disparities and some solutions, debating the role of each one of the represented actors and their possibilities of change.

Abstract PO4-08-09: Concordance analysis of paired breast cancer core needle biopsies and surgical excision samples using the Oncotype DX Breast Recurrence Score® assay

Abstract INTRODUCTION: The Oncotype DX Breast Recurrence Score® (RS) assay is validated to predict risk of distant recurrence at 10 years and the benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with estrogen receptor (ER)+, HER2- early breast cancer who receive 5 years of endocrine therapy. The feasibility of Oncotype DX® testing with diagnostic core needle biopsies (CNB) was demonstrated through analysis of a large commercial laboratory experience. The neoadjuvant ADAPT study showed the clinical utility of deriving the Recurrence Score® (RS) result from CNB as well. However, data are limited on concordance of RS results from paired CNB and surgical samples. Our primary objective was to determine the degree of concordance of RS results between paired tissue samples from the same primary breast tumor of patients with early stage, ER+, HER2- invasive breast cancer who had a CNB and subsequent surgical excision (SE; lumpectomy or mastectomy) without intervening systemic therapy. METHODS: Patients with a commercial RS result on either CNB or subsequent SE were identified through medical record and clinical database review. A pathologist reviewed archival tissue samples to confirm eligibility and selected the other paired CNB or SE block most representative of the tumor tissue for subsequent study Oncotype DX testing. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize patient and tumor characteristics. Wilcoxon signed rank, McNemar’s and Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel tests were used to compare RS between SE and CNB paired samples. Cohen’s Kappa and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to compare the agreement of categorical RS (0-25 and 26-100) result between SE and CNB paired samples. Lin’s concordance correlation and 95% CIs were used to compare agreement of continuous RS between paired samples. RESULTS: A total of 134 patients were identified with paired CNB and SE samples with a median time of 34 (range 5-103) days between collections. Of the 134 patients, a commercial RS result was available for 25 (18.7%) with CNB and 109 (81.3%) with SE. A study RS result was then generated on the other paired sample. Median age was 62 years (range 33-99; 23 patients [17%] were age ≤50 vs. 111 [83%] age >50). Cases were predominantly node negative (107/134 node negative vs. 26/134 node positive; 1/134 unknown) invasive ductal carcinomas (104/134 ductal vs. 18/134 classic lobular vs. 12/134 other). Mean RS results were 15.6 (range 0-56) and 16.6 (range 0-59) for CNB and SE, respectively (p = 0.003), with no statistically significant differences in RS category defined as low vs. high risk (119/134 CNB vs. 114/134 SE for RS 0-25 and 15/134 CNB vs 20/134 SE for RS 26-100; p = 0.13) or low vs. intermediate vs. high risk (85/134 CNB vs. 78/134 SE for RS 0-17 and 43/134 CNB vs. 48/134 SE for RS 18-30 and 6/134 CNB vs. 8/134 SE for RS 31-100; p = 0.19). No differences were observed based on age relative to 50 years or nodal status (data not shown). Cohen’s Kappa statistic k = 0.64 (95% CI, 0.44-0.83) supports substantial agreement between the CNB and SE samples. Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) demonstrates similar agreement for the continuous RS result between paired samples (CCC = 0.86 [0.80-0.90]). Overall percent agreement was 91.8% (87.1-96.4%). CONCLUSIONS: Studies evaluating the level of concordance of ER, progesterone receptor, and HER2 biomarker status between CNB and SE samples have found high concordance rates, albeit varied. We now provide data demonstrating high concordance of RS results between CNB and SE specimens obtained from the same breast primary tumor without intervening systemic therapy. This supports use of either biopsy source for testing with a genomic predictor to identify those patients who will most likely benefit from chemotherapy and which patients may be spared. Citation Format: Aziza Nassar, Jodi Carter, Paige Innis, Satish Seerapu, Christy Russell, Helena Hanna, Abigail Lochala, Minetta Liu. Concordance analysis of paired breast cancer core needle biopsies and surgical excision samples using the Oncotype DX Breast Recurrence Score® assay [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PO4-08-09.

Multiphysics Analysis of PLOFC and DLOFC Accidents in the HTGR-TR

High-temperature, gas-cooled reactors (HTGRs) are promising advanced reactor designs. Leveraging passive safety features, higher core outlet temperatures, previous commercial operational experience, and potential coupling with nonelectrical systems, HTGRs present many advantages over traditional light water reactors and other advanced reactor designs. The High-Temperature, Gas-Cooled Test Reactor (HTGR-TR) is a point design developed by Idaho National Laboratory as a response to the need for the expansion of U.S. test reactor capabilities. The HTGR-TR was designed to serve as a test reactor for Generation-IV small modular prismatic block HTGRs and to provide irradiation data, two crucial contributions to the development of advanced reactors. As in any reactor design, it is necessary to understand the behavior of the reactor during accident scenarios to determine the overall safety of the design. Pressurized loss of forced cooling (PLOFC) and depressurized loss of forced cooling (DLOFC) are two accidents that can occur in HTGRs and that present challenges to decay heat removal. In order to understand the behavior of the fuel during these accidents, the resulting mechanical behavior and fission product migration in the fuel are evaluated. Using the HTGR-TR design, which utilizes tristructural isotropic (TRISO) fuel, a multiphysics analysis during the PLOFC and DLOFC transients was performed. This study utilizes neutronics, thermal hydraulics, and fuel performance modeling to analyze the behavior of TRISO particles during steady-state operation and the described transients. This analysis aims to characterize the hoop stress and strain during the transients, as well as predict fission product migration and radiological release. Due to the startup conditions of the HTGR-TR, the silicon carbide (SiC) layer for both of the transients and steady-state conditions are initially in compression for both the hoop stress and strain. The DLOFC transient at the beginning of cycle was the most challenging overall to the fuel, having the closest to tensile behavior and the closest to tensile strain. Because the integrity of the SiC layer was not challenged during any of the transients, the release of 90Sr and 137Cs was found to be negligible. The PLOFC transient at the end of cycle resulted in the largest 110mAg release and subsequent radioactivity increase. However, the increase in radioactivity was minor when compared to typical operating conditions due to the relatively large diffusivity of 110mAg though SiC at normal operating temperatures. Highlights include Neutronics and thermal-hydraulic modeling generating steady-state and transient conditions for use in fuel performance analysis.2. Detailed BISON analysis demonstrating the excellent performance of TRISO fuel during PLOFC and DLOFC transients.3. Fuel behavior showing negligible fission product release.

Commercial provider staff experiences of the NHS low calorie diet programme pilot: a qualitative exploration of key barriers and facilitators

BackgroundThe National Health Service Type 2 Diabetes Path to Remission programme in England (known as the NHS Low Calorie Diet programme when piloted) was established to support people living with excess weight and Type 2 Diabetes to lose weight and improve their glycaemic control. A mixed method evaluation was commissioned to provide an enhanced understanding of the long-term cost effectiveness of the pilot programme, its implementation, equity and transferability across broad and diverse populations. This study provided key insights on implementation and equity from the service providers’ perspective.MethodsThirteen focus groups were conducted with commercial providers of the programme, during the initial pilot rollout. Participants were purposively sampled across all provider organisations and staff roles involved in implementing and delivering the programme. Normalisation Process Theory (NPT) was used to design the topic schedule, with the addition of topics on equity and person-centredness. Data were thematically analysed using NPT constructs with additional inductively created codes. Codes were summarised, and analytical themes generated.ResultsThe programme was found to fulfil the requirements for normalisation from the providers’ perspective. However, barriers were identified in engaging GP practices and receiving sufficient referrals, as well as supporting service users through challenges to remain compliant. There was variation in communication and training between provider sites. Areas for learning and improvement included adapting systems and processes and closing the gap where needs of service users are not fully met.ConclusionsThe evaluation of the pilot programme demonstrated that it was workable when supported by effective primary care engagement, comprehensive training, and effective internal and external communication. However, limitations were identified in relation to programme specifications e.g. eligibility criteria, service specification and local commissioning decisions e.g. pattern of roll out, incentivisation of general practice. A person-centred approach to care is fundamental and should include cultural adaptation(s), and the assessment and signposting to additional support and services where required.

Совершенствование законодательства в области охраны и использования морских млекопитающих

The National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation defines biological diversity as a natio­nal asset requiring special legal protection. Significant declines in marine mammal populations over
 time have been adversely affected by commercial fishing experience, habitat degradation, fishing activities, acoustic disturbances and marine pollution. The paper presents some final results of the implementation of the scientific project «Legal Protection of Marine Mammals in the Russian Fede­ration: Status, Trends and Prospects». Gaps in the legislation have been identified and proposals for its improvement have been formulated: 1) in the sphere of circulation of marine animals: specify exceptional cases of catching animals listed in the Red Book, including for the provision of veterinary care; 2) in the field of their exploitation for cultural organizations: suspend the approval of quotas for the catch of cetaceans until up-to-date scientifically based information on their numbers is received and introduce a ban on the catch of marine mammals for cultural and edu­cational purposes; 3) in the field of involvement in the online trade in wild fauna objects: strengthening of legal liability for encroachments on marine mammals and the introduction of a criminal ban on the circulation of animals from state protection lists (CITES Convention, the Red Book of the Russian Federation, the Red Data Books of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of 31.10. 2013 no. 978).

Commercial wind turbines and residential home values: New evidence from the universe of land-based wind projects in the United States

We examine the impact of proximity to land-based commercial wind turbines on residential home values in the United States using data on the universe of commercial wind turbines and residential property transactions from 2005 to 2020. Using event study and difference-in-differences identification strategies we find that, on average, homes located within 1 mile of a commercial wind turbine experience approximately an 11% decline in value following the announcement of a new commercial wind energy project, relative to counterfactual homes located 3 to 5 miles away. Event study estimates also reveal important dynamics in the evolution of home values, with property values first declining following project announcement, and then recovering post project construction, with property value impacts becoming relatively small (∼2%) and statistically insignificant 9 years or more after project announcement (roughly 5 years after operation began). Homes located within 1–2 miles of a commercial wind turbine experience much smaller impacts and homes located farther than 2 miles away are unaffected. Our results are primarily driven by wind projects located in urban counties with populations greater than 250,000.

Testing the waters: founding team composition and search heuristics in academic entrepreneurial ventures

Abstract Entrepreneurial action often stems from individual judgment about the value potential of market opportunities. Where entrepreneurs direct their search for and evaluate profitable opportunities has long received scholarly consideration. Attention has been increasingly directed toward how search is conducted, with a distinction between “cognitive” search, where actors are driven by a prior belief about the linkage between actions and outcomes (i.e., “learning-before-doing”) and “experiential search,” in which the solution must be realized through experimentation, trial-by-error, or “learning-by-doing.” We examine founders’ experiential search for market applications in uncertain technological environments. In doing so, we seek to uncover how founder background, experience, and depth of knowledge affect the firm’s degree of experiential search. We examine a sample of technology-oriented start-ups founded by researchers from six major US research universities to investigate the role of experiential search in university technology commercialization. In our context of academic entrepreneurship, we find that founding teams that draw from multiple disciplinary perspectives in selecting a market application to pursue exhibit a broader cognitive map of the technological landscape and thus expend more effort in the experiential search process than do teams with less varied backgrounds. Conversely, teams that include individuals with prior commercial experience conduct less experiential search, although this evidence is less strong. The inclusion of students appears to lead to greater experiential search by the founding team. Our findings add new understanding to the application of search heuristics by entrepreneurial firms in technology commercialization.

Analysis of the development of reusable launch vehicle technology

Nowadays, with the development of the space technology and the maturity of traditional launch vehicle technology, there are sufficient foundations for the research of higher-level space vehicles. As space vehicles gradually enter the commercial market, the demand for better cost control and higher carry capacity has been put forward. The recovery and reuse of space vehicles, especially launch vehicle, often means higher resource utilization and effective cost control, which has unprecedented advantages in business mode. Many countries and organizations have shown concern about the reusable vehicles. In order to facilitate the further research of reusable rocket technology, this article summaries the research and developments of reusable vehicles over the years and sorts out the overall scheme and key technologies of it. In particular, in view of the successful case of Falcon 9, this article analyses the commercialization experience of SpaceX reusable rockets and its business model. This article may offer a reference for the reusable rocket technology development.

A Brief Review of the International Experience of Commercialization of Scientific Research

Today, it is impossible to achieve sustainable development of the country's economy without scientific research. At the same time, it is necessary to disseminate research results and practical use through commercialization. It should be noted that the knowledge transfer, technologies and inventions from research to commercialization is a rather complex process and requires the joint involvement of both - science and business, as well as political decision-makers. In this paper, the difficulties and opportunities related to commercialization, as well as the role and purpose of universities in this process, are discussed on the example of different countries. There must be mentioned that along with the general defining framework conditions, personal factors such as risk attitude, motivation, self-satisfaction and others play a decisive role in connecting science and business. Scientific fields with special commercial potential in different countries are also discussed in the paper. On the example of some countries, political decisions that directly or indirectly influence the implementation and commercialization of academic research results in the real environment are also presented. Keywords: Commercialization, Scientific research, Technology transfer, Commercialization promoting policies, University research.

Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement for Isolated Aortic Regurgitation Using a New Self-Expanding TAVR System

BackgroundPatients with severe aortic regurgitation (AR) are often not considered for surgery because of increased surgical risk. Because of unique anatomical characteristics among patients with AR, interventional treatment options are limited, and implantation results are inconsistent compared with those among patients with aortic stenosis. ObjectivesThe authors describe the initial commercial experience of the first Conformité Européenne–marked transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve replacement system (JenaValve Trilogy [JV]) for the treatment of patients with AR. MethodsThis multicenter registry included 58 consecutive patients from 6 centers across Germany. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement was performed with the JV system for isolated severe and symptomatic AR. Patient characteristics, primary implantation outcomes, and valve performance up to 30 days were analyzed using Valve Academic Research Consortium 3 definitions. ResultsThe mean patient age was 76.5 ± 9 years, with a mean Society of Thoracic Surgeons score of 4.2% ± 4.3%. Device success was achieved in 98% of patients. The mean gradient was 4.3 ± 1.6 mm Hg, and no moderate or severe paravalvular regurgitation occurred. No conversion to open heart surgery or valve embolization was reported. There were no major vascular complications or bleeding events. The rate of new permanent pacemaker implantation was 19.6%. At 30 days, 92% of the patients were in NYHA functional class I or II, and the 30-day mortality rate was 1.7%. ConclusionsTreatment of patients with severe symptomatic AR using the transfemoral JV system is safe and effective. Given its favorable hemodynamic performance and low complication rates, this system may offer a new treatment option for patients with AR not suitable for surgery.

Evaluation of Community Commercial Space Design Experience and Optimization Strategy Based on KANO Model

This paper takes a community commercial space as the research object, analyzes the demand preferences of community consumers and adopts the KANO model as the analysis framework to obtain the satisfaction and importance indexes of different demands of community residents. According to the content and characteristics of varying levels of the request, we propose ideas and suggestions for the optimization of community commercial spaces. The study found that consumers pay more attention to the need for service facilities category. The diversity of business types and the comfort of space are important factors affecting satisfaction with community commercial spaces. Finally, two optimization proposals are made for the space environment, such as optimizing the physical environment of retail spaces and improving support facilities. Two optimization proposals are made for space services, such as the product of “warm” community services and the product of diversified and intelligent business formats. Ultimately, this provides a reference for improving the quality of residents’ consumption experience and perfecting the optimal design of community commercial spaces.

Current Development Status, Policy Support and Promotion Path of China’s Green Hydrogen Industries under the Target of Carbon Emission Peaking and Carbon Neutrality

The green hydrogen industry, highly efficient and safe, is endowed with flexible production and low carbon emissions. It is conducive to building a low-carbon, efficient and clean energy structure, optimizing the energy industry system and promoting the strategic transformation of energy development and enhancing energy security. In order to achieve carbon emission peaking by 2030 and neutrality by 2060 (dual carbon goals), China is vigorously promoting the green hydrogen industry. Based on an analysis of the green hydrogen industry policies of the U.S., the EU and Japan, this paper explores supporting policies issued by Chinese central and local authorities and examines the inherent advantages of China’s green hydrogen industry. After investigating and analyzing the basis for the development of the green hydrogen industry in China, we conclude that China has enormous potential, including abundant renewable energy resources as well as commercialization experience with renewable energy, robust infrastructure and technological innovation capacity, demand for large-scale applications of green hydrogen in traditional industries, etc. Despite this, China’s green hydrogen industry is still in its early stage and has encountered bottlenecks in its development, including a lack of clarity on the strategic role and position of the green hydrogen industry, low competitiveness of green hydrogen production, heavy reliance on imports of PEMs, perfluorosulfonic acid resins (PFSR) and other core components, the development dilemma of the industry chain, lack of installed capacity for green hydrogen production and complicated administrative permission, etc. This article therefore proposes that an appropriate development road-map and integrated administration supervision systems, including safety supervision, will systematically promote the green hydrogen industry. Enhancing the core technology and equipment of green hydrogen and improving the green hydrogen industry chain will be an adequate way to reduce dependence on foreign technologies, lowering the price of green hydrogen products through the scale effect and, thus, expanding the scope of application of green hydrogen. Financial support mechanisms such as providing tax breaks and project subsidies will encourage enterprises to carry out innovative technological research on and invest in the green hydrogen industry.

A Lack of Restraint: Comparing Virtual Reality Interaction Techniques for Constrained Transport Seating.

Standalone Virtual Reality (VR) headsets can be used when travelling in cars, trains and planes. However, the constrained spaces around transport seating can leave users with little physical space in which to interact using their hands or controllers, and can increase the risk of invading other passengers' personal space or hitting nearby objects and surfaces. This hinders transport VR users from using most commercial VR applications, which are designed for unobstructed 1-2m 360 ° home spaces. In this paper, we investigated whether three at-a-distance interaction techniques from the literature could be adapted to support common commercial VR movement inputs and so equalise the interaction capabilities of at-home and on-transport users: Linear Gain, Gaze-Supported Remote Hand, and AlphaCursor. First, we analysed commercial VR experiences to identify the most common movement inputs so that we could create gamified tasks based on them. We then investigated how well each technique could support these inputs from a constrained 50x50cm space (representative of an economy plane seat) through a user study (N=16), where participants played all three games with each technique. We measured task performance, unsafe movements (play boundary violations, total arm movement) and subjective experience and compared results to a control 'at-home' condition (with unconstrained movement) to determine how similar performance and experience were. Results showed that Linear Gain was the best technique, with similar performance and user experience to the 'at-home' condition, albeit at the expense of a high number of boundary violations and large arm movements. In contrast, AlphaCursor kept users within bounds and minimised arm movement, but suffered from poorer performance and experience. Based on the results, we provide eight guidelines for the use of, and research into, at-a-distance techniques and constrained spaces.

The False King Olaf and His Necklace of Letters

The False King Olaf and His Necklace of Letters

Does the Board Influence the Bank’s Performance? An Islamic & Commercial Banking Experience

Purpose: This study investigates to explore the impact of corporate governance and the performance of the banking Industry of Bahrain for the period of 2012–2020. Theoretical framework: This research is to take a look at corporate governance actions and how it affects the actual bank performance, there are four chosen banks for this particular purpose that are listed under the Stock exchange of Bahrain (SEB) and the Central bank of Bahrain (CBB). Design/methodology/approach: The methodology for the study is based on pooled data collection from Islamic and commercial banks of Bahrain. All the data will be extracted from the chosen banks’ audited annual financial statements for 9 years ranging from 2012 to 2020. To go ahead with this research two kinds of dependent variables also called performance measures are (ROA, and ROE), and six kinds of independent variables were selected (CEO duality, the board size, board independence, female directorship, number of BOD meetings, and lastly board members expertise) for us to understand the bank performance better. Findings: The results showed good connections between the (BS) and bank performance as well as the (NBDM), while the (BDI) and (FD) displayed a negative link, and (BDME) and (CEOD) showed no signs of a relationship because all banks had separate people holding those positions instead of one. And even though (BDME) is proven and is logically impactful some analyses failed to show the true linkage. Research, Practical & Social implications: These results of the study will help the banking industry, regulators, investors, and government to understand the board’s influence on the firm performance. Originality/value: Original Research Article.

Short text topic modelling using local and global word-context semantic correlation.

Nowadays, people use short text to portray their opinions on platforms of social media such as Twitter, Facebook, and YouTube, as well as on e-commerce websites such as Amazon and Flipkart to share their commercial purchasing experiences. Every day, billions of short texts are created worldwide in tweets, tags, keywords, search queries etc. However, this short text possesses inadequate contextual information, which can be ambiguous, sparse, noisy, remains a major challenge. State-of-the-art strategies of topic modeling such as Latent Dirichlet Allocation and Probabilistic Latent Semantic Analysis are not suitable as it contains a limited number of words in a single document. This work proposes a new model named G_SeaNMF (Gensim_SeaNMF) to improve the word-context semantic relationship by using local and global word embedding techniques. Word embeddings learned from a large corpus provide general semantic and syntactic information about words; it can guide topic modeling for short text collections as supporting information for sparse co-occurrence patterns. In the proposed model, SeaNMF (Semantics-assisted Non-negative Matrix Factorization) is incorporated with word2vec model of Gensim library to strengthen the word's semantic relationship. In this article, a short text topic modeling techniques based on DMM (Dirichlet Multinomial Mixture), self-aggregation and global word co-occurrence were explored. These are evaluated using different measures to gauge cluster coherence on real-world datasets such as Search Snippet, Biomedicine, Pascal Flickr, Tweet and TagMyNews. Empirical evaluation shows that a combination of local and global word embedding provides more appropriate words under each topic with improved outcomes.

The experience economy in UK city centres: A multidimensional and interconnected response to the ‘death of the high street’?

Since the 1990s the UK’s city centre high streets have been losing market share to out-of-town shopping and e-retailing. The shocks of the Global Financial Crisis and COVID-19 have hastened this and precipitated widespread store closures. The experience economy is increasingly promoted as a means to avert the ‘death of the high street’, and this prompts our study of its evolution. An exploration of the literature reveals the experience economy to be an interconnected phenomenon focused on the creation of a memorable event that elicits a sensory response via multi-dimensional innovation and design. Using this to guide our empirical work, we undertake a comparative mixed method longitudinal case study of five UK city centres. We initially chart the changing manifestations of experience uses before analysing supporting interviews and observations that reveal three interconnected layers of the experience economy: in-store commercial experiences; leisure and entertainment-orientated adaptations to shopping centres and department stores; and the wider regeneration of the public realm. Implications for city centre management are discussed.

Utilizing in ovo telemetry to examine the effects of reduced incubation temperature on broiler embryo temperature and subsequent hatchability

The current commercial broiler embryo experiences a rapid metabolism and growth rate and may produce more heat than those of the past. Consequently, it may be beneficial to lower standard incubation temperature for commercial broiler hatching eggs. The purpose of this experiment was to determine if lowering incubation temperature at 12 d of incubation (DOI) would affect embryo temperature (ET) in embryonated Ross 708 broiler hatching eggs. From 0 to 12 DOI, eggs were incubated under standard conditions (37.50°C dry bulb, 29.76°C wet bulb). At 12 DOI, temperature transponders were aseptically placed on the inner air cell membrane to measure air cell temperature (ACT) as an estimate of ET in 120 eggs. The eggs were then randomly assigned to 4 separate still-air incubators, each containing 30 eggs. Two replicate incubators were maintained at a standard (STRT; 37.5°C) or low (LTRT; 35.6°C) temperature treatment between 12 and 21 DOI. A significant positive correlation existed between incubator air temperature (IAT) and ACT across temperature treatment and in the STRT. However, IAT was not significantly correlated with ACT in the LTRT. A significantly higher ACT was observed in the STRT than in the LTRT for 88% of the readings taken between 12 and 21 DOI. Percent egg weight loss (PEWL) between 13 and 17 DOI did not significantly differ between temperature treatments. From 13 to 17 DOI, there was a significant positive correlation between PEWL and ACT in the STRT, however, no significant correlation occurred between PEWL and ACT in the LTRT. Percent hatch of fertile eggs containing live embryos at 12 DOI was 93.3% in the STRT and 100% in the LTRT. However, time of hatch occurred 14 to 19 h later and hatchling BW was lower in the LTRT than in the STRT. Although lowering IAT at 12 DOI may improve hatchability, an associated delay in hatch and a decrease in hatchling BW may not be commercially acceptable.