Command Management Research Articles

The method of setting up and controlling the operation modes of optical-electronic stations wireless sensor network using LoRa technology

A method of managing a wireless sensor network of optical-electronic stations (OES) using LoRa technology is developed. Within the framework of the system of optic-electronic stations, two subnets are functioning: the video stream transmission network and the control network, which is the subject of this work. The main requirements for the control network were the following: the ability to ensure performance in radio-electronic suppression conditions, the provision of high-range radio communication, the ability to operate in conditions of dense urban development, the network energy efficiency, and the high stealth level. Technologies available on the market for building sensor networks were analyzed. LoRa technology was chosen for these purposes considering the established requirements for the network. The current network layout was created based on EBYTE E32-433T20DT LoRa radio modules. The basis of the developed method is two classes of commands for configuring the network of optical-electronic stations. The first class of commands is network management commands, operations to add and remove devices from the general routing table. The second class of commands controls communication modules and microcontrollers, changing their configuration parameters. The OES network’s control algorithms were developed based on these commands. Created commands and algorithms helped significantly facilitate and speed up the operator’s initialization and network configuration process and are already used in the current layout of the optical-electronic station system.

Bantuan Kemanusiaan Korban Bencana Alam Banjir Bandang dan Tanah Longsor di Masamba, Kabupaten Luwu Timur Sulawesi Selatan

Monday, July 13th, 2020, Flash floods and landslides have hit the Masamba area, East Luwu Regency, South Sulawesi. The large number of victims and urgent needs and in order to ease the burden on the victims, the Academic Community of the Poltekkes Kemenkes Palu initiated a community service program in Masamba Regency. The purpose of this community service is to show the real action of the social care of the entire Civitas Poltekkes Kemenkes Palu to every disaster that occurs. The Humanitarian Aid Team of the Poltekkes Kemenkes Palu consists of 15 lecturers, staff and students of the Poltekkes Kemenkes palu. The method of implementing this service has four stages including planning to find funds, purchasing the needs of disaster victims, distributing assistance and the last stage, namely meeting the needs of victims. The aid was handed over by the Director of Poltekkes Kemenkes Palu, Palu through the Head of the Center for Research and Community Service to the Head of Disaster Prevention and Management Agency at the Emergency Response Command Post for Flash Floods and Landslides, North Luwu Regency, South Sulawesi Province on July 21, 2020 at the Central Disaster Management Command Post. Masamba Regency, East Luwu, South Sulawesi. The provision of Humanitarian Aid can be carried out properly. Communities victims of Flash floods as beneficiaries have received the assistance. It is recommended for this activity more team members so that the distribution of aid is wider and provides more opportunities for students to get directly involved in humanitarian activities

Scenario-based design for teaching Linux OS operations and maintenance

Linux operating system operation and maintenance is an important basic course for computer science majors in specialist and vocational education, and basic system administration commands are an important part of the course content. A scenario-based approach to teaching system management commands has been designed to address common problems such as difficulty in remembering, confusion and parameter confusion when students are faced with a large number of commands and parameters. By condensing a number of typical scenarios, students can better remember and differentiate commands and remember parameters through scenarios. The results of the course show that the scenario-based teaching method is easy to understand, rich and interesting, and facilitates students to learn better.

Scenario-based design for teaching Linux OS operations and maintenance

Linux operating system operation and maintenance is an important basic course for computer science majors in specialist and vocational education, and basic system administration commands are an important part of the course content. A scenario-based approach to teaching system management commands has been designed to address common problems such as difficulty in remembering, confusion and parameter confusion when students are faced with a large number of commands and parameters. By condensing a number of typical scenarios, students can better remember and differentiate commands and remember parameters through scenarios. The results of the course show that the scenario-based teaching method is easy to understand, rich and interesting, and facilitates students to learn better.

MECHANISMS FOR ENSURING THE SECURITY OF CHANNELS OF A PROSPECTIVE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

The development of military (state) control systems in modern conditions of hybrid warfare requires the possibility of rapid expansion of both functionality and scaling of the physical and logical basis of management, increasing the range of digitization and use of both military and civilian communication channels to manage troops and weapons. Not only the computing power of the enemy, the means of suppressing and / or blocking the communication channels of the control system, but also the development of quantum technologies that place new and more stringent requirements on security mechanisms based on symmetric and asymmetric cryptography algorithms. According to NIST, a full-scale quantum computer breaks both symmetric and asymmetric cryptosystems in polynomial time, significantly reducing their resilience. The paper proposes mechanisms of post-quantum cryptography, which allow to ensure the stability of not only communication channels, but also elements of the structure of the control system. The basis of post-quantum encryption algorithms is the combination of algorithms (schemes) of crypto-code structures with cryptosystems on unprofitable codes (multi-channel cryptography), as well as the possibility of combining them with digital steganography methods. This approach provides the ability to hide elements of management commands, and the use of different channels provides the ability to hide individual elements of cryptograms.

IFAA: An Intelligent Framework Aware Algorithm to Determine the Boundary of Area under Attack in Military Surveillance and Reconnaissance WSN

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have proven effective in military applications of surveillance and reconnaissance. Sensors capable of detecting pressure, temperature, movement and presence of specific chemicals are deployed in such applications. Traditionally, sensor data is collected and transferred to a centralized high-capacity node or control station. Analysis of data is carried out at such centralized facilities. Information or intelligence gathered from sensor data after analysis is used to generate control and management commands that are relayed back to sensor nodes. The situation is analogous to an actual wartime scenario where soldiers who are on the field are equivalent to the sensors. Soldiers observe and sense the situation and communicate their observations to the decision maker who is stationed in the control tent. On gathering field information, the decision maker analyses the data and arrives at his decision which is again communicated to the soldiers on the field. Soldiers as well as sensors are not placed illogically or randomly but intentionally and strategically. Observations made on the field ultimately affect how the soldiers or sensors continue to function. Intelligence gained on the field ultimately gets used on the field itself. Our attempt is to observe, analyze and apply intelligence on the field itself. This work proposes an intelligent algorithm that is aware of the sensor network topology, analyses sensor data within the network and uses the network framework to arrive at usable intelligence. Locally generated intelligence avoids communication to and from the command/control and adds value to military surveillance and reconnaissance applications of WSN. Intelligent sensor management allows us to use just the necessary number of sensors while saving resources on otherwise redundant expenditure. In the present work we have designed and applied a dynamic boundary computation algorithm to determine the boundary of the area under attack. We have compared the results of simulation experiments incorporating the proposed algorithm against a control experiment without the algorithm.

Підготова суспільства УРСР до участи у можливому воєнному конфлікті напередодні Другої світової війни

Soviet propaganda continually exploited the thesis of the inevitability of war with a “hostile” capitalist environment, formed the image of an enemy, who could be blamed for all "temporary" troubles, and constantly emphasized on the danger of armed conflict – that could enable justifying punitive-repressive measures. The purpose of the article is to investigate the impact of Soviet "class" propaganda on the country's defense capability. The task is to analyze the general tendencies and peculiarities of preparing the population of the USSR for a possible military conflict on the eve of World War II. The main idea of the article is that during five pre-war years, a great deal of work was done in the USSR to prepare the population for participation in a possible military conflict. The military training was all-encompassing. During first five years, when unrealistically inflated plans for industrialization had exhausted the economy of the country there was a deficit even for essentials, the card supply system was reintroduced, and the propaganda of the inevitable collision with the “hostile” capitalist world became hypertrophied. Such a policy allowed the Soviet administrative top to radically change the emphasis in addressing the problems of provision for population. The refrain “if only there was no war” became very advantageous for the leadership of the state, allowed to justify the neglect of human needs. Preparations for actions under the war circumstances were carried at all factories and plants, at all Soviet institutions. The article analyzes how the peoples of Soviet Ukraine were preparing for a possible conflict during the five peaceful pre-war years. First of all, the emphasis of the article is not on the professional training of the military − soldiers and officers, much more indicative and characteristic is the analysis of the experience of training civilians, workers of the branches far from military affairs – workers, employees, collective farmers, students and schoolchildren. After all, since the beginning of the war, the level of training of civilians who are drafted into the army in the context of mobilization measures became one of the decisive factors. The issue of the country's defense capability was under constant control of the party-state leadership. The article proves that lectures, mobilization training, various courses in which they were taught to provide first aid, bandage the wounded, use gas masks, hide in bomb shelters, and compulsory political information on the international situation and regular analysis of the fight against “enemies” inside the countries was getting more widespread year after year, reaching more and more workers and employees. Almost 100% of the population was covered by military training. Children and adults, employees and workers, scientists and collective farmers – everyone had to go through military training. There were almost no exceptions by gender, age, or health. Young children along with adults learned to throw grenades, mastered various weapons, the skills of air and chemical defense. In addition, the atmosphere of general hysteria led to the emergence of such fundamentally Soviet inventions as a parachutist-accountant or a book-keeper-machine gunner. Thus, society has consciously injected military hysteria. However, the bureaucratization and formalism, the inherent defects of command management led to the absolute unpreparedness of the Soviet economic mechanism for a real war. Despite the fact that during the five pre-war years, almost all the population (including schoolchildren and accountants or collective farmers) was covered by military training, 1941 – the year of the German attack – turned into a disaster for the Red Army. In fact, Stalin's methods of governing the state gave rise to a sad paradox: for many years the country persistently and purposefully prepared for war, but in the end it turned out not to be ready for a real war.

FORMALITY MODEL OF CHOSEN APPROPRIATE TUG’S SERVICE BY METHOD OF BSLANCE HANDLING FORCES

Port tugs bring large vessels into the port and take them out of the port, assist them during mooring and unmooring, move vessels from one mooring to another, tilt vessels, tow port barges, transshipment mechanisms, dredgers and other floating objects. Calculation and evaluation methods of the optimal request for tugs bollard pull port operations, are very important in order to guarantee the navigational safety of the port and ships during the main ship operations in the port. The most dangerous situations are situations of sudden failure of the power plant when maneuvering a vessel in the confined waters of ports, when tugboats become the only means of control that can prevent an accident. This is observed when the vessel moves in an area with hazardous sections of the waterway, calls into and out of the port, as well as when performing mooring operations. Line and / or port pilots, as well as tugs for escorting, escorting or when performing mooring operations of the vessel, are additionally involved in the process of navigating the vessel. In foreign ports, there are also very tense conditions in command management due to language barriers and the need for synergistic interaction of individual independent ship crews without prior preparation for a responsible mission. In this paper done a focus to improve tug possibilities and decrease navigational risks in port areas by method of balance handling forces. Such decrease in risks at ports is important issue to overcome, since the correct and proper usage of port tugs could highly improve the situation there. Keywords: tugs, emergency situation, port maneuvering, energy balance of the control force.

Construction of Data Mining Analysis Model in English Teaching Based on Apriori Association Rule Algorithm

How to create an English data mining analysis model based on prior association strategy algorithm is learned. First, the basic principles of data mining and organizational strategy are investigated, and the cooperative strategy algorithm in data mining technology is studied. This document makes a comprehensive analysis of the classical Apriori algorithm and studies the extension of organizational strategy and the technique of deleting participation strategy after decision-making. Then, the application of Apriori algorithm in instruction management is analyzed. There is often a lot of information in command management. We need to collect the data, then sort, and review it. Finally, taking the two adults' classes, class (39) and class (40) as the research objects, of which class (39) has 41 people and class (40) has 43 people. The two classes were brought to the board of directors. The results showed that over the course of 4 months, the students scored better on the mixed tests in the lab than those in the control room. The average score of the subjects before the experiment was 17.6, the average score of the subjects after the experiment was 20.1, and the significant P value of the corresponding t-test was p ≤ 0.001 , less than 0.05, indicating significant differences between the two groups of data. After studying data using writing styles in class, students focused more on complex patterns, concepts, technical expressions, and line patterns. Dynamic assessment of student writing is an effort to improve student writing by using interactive assessment techniques.

Development of security mechanisms for scada systems in the postquantium period

The formation of new systems based on the synthesis of mobile Internet technologies with cyberspace significantly expands the possibilities of creating smart technologies based on mesh and sensor networks. This allows to significantly increase the speed of information transmission using modern wireless communication channels based on technology standards IEEE802.16, IEEE802.16e, IEEE802.15.4, IEEE802.11, Bluetooth 5, 6. It is possible to use SCADA automation and scheduling systems with new functions of managing information flows of various technological processes, to create new principles for building hyperphysical social systems (CPSS) – a set of subjects and objects of cybernetic, physical and social worlds that allow to form “smart” communities, on the one hand , and intellectual space on the other. However, the development of modern computer systems, the advent of full-scale quantum computers significantly impairs the security of modern security systems. According to NIST experts, a full-scale quantum computer breaks both symmetric and asymmetric cryptosystems in polynomial time, which significantly reduces their stability. The goal of the work is to develop mechanisms for providing security services based on post-quantum algorithms - crypto-code constructions. To ensure security in the post-quantum period – the emergence of a full-scale quantum computer, NIST specialists suggest the use of post-quantum algorithms. Structural schemes of crypto-code constructions of McEliece and Niederreiter on algebrogeometric codes are used in the work. The paper proposes mechanisms of post-quantum cryptography, which allow to ensure the stability of not only communication channels, but also elements of the structure of the management system of SCADA systems, not only in critical infrastructure, but also in modern wireless communication channels. The basis of post-quantum encryption algorithms is the combination of algorithms (schemes) of crypto-code structures with cryptosystems on unprofitable codes (multi-channel cryptography), as well as the possibility of combining them with digital steganography methods. The developed approach provides the ability to hide elements of management commands, and the use of different channels provides the ability to hide individual elements of cryptograms. The use of post-quantum encryption algorithms provides a significant increase in the cryptographic stability of security mechanisms SCADA-systems.

The Ten Commandments of Successful Fishery Management of Wild Brown Trout Salmo trutta Populations in Salmonid Streams in the Bohemian Region (Czech Republic)

The brown trout Salmo trutta is a fish species that is vulnerable to climate change and anthropogenic activities in its native range. The case studies of successful restoration of brown trout populations are rare. In this study, fishery managers who successfully restored brown trout populations are sharing their know-how and advice about their conservation strategy. Overall, twenty fishery managers were interviewed to give advice about their successful conservation practices of local brown trout populations. Using a qualitative analysis method, ten main recommendations were extracted: (1) assess the status of local brown trout populations, (2) form a union of fisheries managers and work together, (3) support the ability of the streams to retain water, (4) prevent artificial removal of water from the salmonid streams, (5) adjust the brown trout stocking strategy to individual streams, (6) set strict protection of native wild brown trout populations, (7) enforce angling bans and regulations, (8) support the rearing of brown trout in the aquaculture sector, (9) limit brown trout stocking to genetically native fish, and (10) stock smaller 0 + brown trout instead of large adult ones. In conclusion, the fishery managers agreed on the basic management steps that need to be made to conserve brown trout populations.

A short note on four different emergency management mechanisms in the Chinese government disaster response

AbstractChina's government emergency management has the capacity to stand up an emergency management office, an emergency management headquarters, a joint defence and control command mechanism, and an emergency management joint conference. This short note compares these different mechanisms along several important dimensions. The overall emergency management organization and command system of COVID‐19 is analyzed specifically.

How Will You Respond to the Next Emergency?

Features| April 2022 How Will You Respond to the Next Emergency? Stacey Watt, MD, MBA, MHPE, FASA; Stacey Watt, MD, MBA, MHPE, FASA Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Terrence R. Burns, MD, D.ABA; Terrence R. Burns, MD, D.ABA Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Zachary Fetter, DO; Zachary Fetter, DO Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Kenneth Todd, DO; Kenneth Todd, DO Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Vincent Bargnes Vincent Bargnes Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar ASA Monitor April 2022, Vol. 86, 26–30. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ASM.0000826976.66246.ae Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share MailTo Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Search Site Citation Stacey Watt, Terrence R. Burns, Zachary Fetter, Kenneth Todd, Vincent Bargnes; How Will You Respond to the Next Emergency?. ASA Monitor 2022; 86:26–30 doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ASM.0000826976.66246.ae Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll PublicationsASA Monitor Search Advanced Search Topics: internship and residency, mass casualty setting, surgical procedures, operative Any hospital can be impacted by a mass casualty event regardless of the size, location, or capabilities of the facility. A coordinated response cannot be developed between the first warning of a mass casualty event and the arrival of the first patient. This two-part series of articles explains the fundamentals of developing an Incident Command System (ICS). In this second part, we analyze key components of the ICS as well as provide an example of an ICS structure for the perioperative setting of a mass casualty event. Our plan has been tailored to meet the needs of our health care system (Buffalo General Hospital) based upon the core principles of ICS. As we discussed in part 1, the ICS is a standardized approach to the command, control, and coordination of on-scene crisis management (asamonitor.pub/3HRxkD2). This approach provides a common hierarchy where personnel can be integrated across health care... You do not currently have access to this content.

Основные региональные факторы производительности труда

To identify the determinants of labor productivity, estimates of the relationship between labor productivity and indicators reflecting the influence of a wide range of socio-economic and innovative factors in the regions of Russia for 2015-2018 were obtained. For 2018 and the aggregate of data for 2015-2018, according to statistics from 82 regions of Russia, econometric models were built in the form of a standard internally linear function - an analogue of the Cobb-Douglas production function. The resulting models made it possible to establish the following. The capital-labor ratio, average monthly wages, the ratio of funds (indicator of income inequality), innovative activity of organizations and exports have a significant positive effect on labor productivity in the region. The number of researchers with advanced degrees and the import of machinery and equipment have a significant negative impact on labor productivity in the region. The negative impact on labor productivity in the number of researchers with advanced degrees is associated with problems caused by the command and control principles of science and education management. The ineffectiveness of the import of machinery and equipment testifies to the imperfection of foreign economic relations.

Social networks and local communication network patterns following the destructive 2018 Lombok, Indonesia, earthquake sequence

Social communication networks created during the 2018 earthquake sequence in Lombok, Indonesia using social network data from a social media platform, i.e., Facebook, and surveys in local communities were analyzed. The different modes of communication networks used during the disaster event and post-disaster mitigation were examined. Data on social media platform usage were collected from the Facebook page of the Agency for Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics of Indonesia and the National Board for Disaster Management of Indonesia. The data show large clusters of social relation networks based on dominant issues discussed by the public under several trending hashtags. Meanwhile, the local patterns of social communication networks, particularly the flow of information and communication used by the local communities of the impacted villages in Lombok, differ depending on the culture of communication and time of accessing information. During the 2018 Lombok earthquake sequence, communication was predominantly sought from community leaders, religious leaders, family members, and neighbours. This study highlights the implementation of a decentralization system in Indonesia, which has given the local and regional authorities a significant role in disaster management, response, and emergency command for the local and regional community, instead of relying largely on the response of the central Jakarta government.

Applying the principles of cyber-physical management to enhance cybersecurity of the Demand Response Aggregator structure

In 2019, on the initiative of the Unified Energy System System Operator (UES SO), a pilot project was launched in Russia to create a structure of the Demand Response (DR)-Aggregator. The main goal of the project is to involve active consumers (AC) of electricity in the DR-mechanism that are not included in the wholesale market, but have the opportunity to reduce their consumption during peak hours. The DR-Aggregator has a hierarchical structure and consists of clusters that combine the regulatory capabilities of active consumers into a block (cluster) that meets the market requirements in terms of the amount of unloading. As the number and diversity of ACs involved in the DR-Aggregator increases, there is a need for a coordinated exchange of information and management commands between the ACs and clusters of different hierarchy levels, which leads to increased vulnerability of the DR-Aggregator structure to cyber attacks. To increase the cybersecurity of the DR-Aggregator, the report proposes to consider it as a cyber-physical system consisting of technological, information and communication and control subsystems, and to use the principles of cyber-physical management (CPM). The CPM structure creates intelligent nodes and protective loops at the lowest level of the hierarchy, which, in case of cybersecurity threats, will carry out a protective mission, blocking the upper levels and the main control center from cyber attacks. The possibility of placing new measuring devices (μPMU) on objects included in the DR-Aggregator structure is being considered. To reduce the impact of cyber attacks on the quality of DR-Aggregator management, it is proposed to use statistical methods of processing information used in the management of the EPS (State estimation technique).

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Modern management during law enforcement actions is characterized by periodic changes in the conditions for obtaining information, short terms for its processing, and the vagueness of its formal description. The need to reduce the time cycle of management leads to the strengthening of the role of complex automation of receiving, processing and visualization of information flows. Thus, in the scientific work, the issue of the synthesis of the structures of combat systems is considered, but for a separate type of troops. The works are devoted to the consideration of the basic concepts of the construction of troops (forces) and the criteria for the creation of combat groups. However, these works practically do not contain sufficient theoretical justifications for the composition and structure of the information support system of the military command during law enforcement operations. The purpose of the article is to improve the model of information and analytical support of the functional structure of the military command management system during law enforcement actions, which ensures taking into account the conditions of receiving, processing and visualization of information flows during an emergency and significant factors that affect the achievement of the goal of law enforcement actions. The developed model of information and analytical provision of the structure of the military command management system for the performance of tasks in the emergency area allows to ensure the requirements regarding the capabilities of the military command management system and its effectiveness, which will contribute to the high-quality performance of the assigned tasks in the emergency area. In the article, an improved model of information and analytical support of the military command management system during actions to protect law and order in the area of a state of emergency is developed, which, unlike those known on the basis of the axiomatic foundations of the theory of complex systems, performs an analysis of the structural and functional components of the military command management system depending on the tasks and functions of law enforcement forces and allows taking into account the interrelationship of indicators and factors of emergency conditions when analyzing the state of information support of military command management processes. The directions of further scientific investigations will be aimed at researching the issue of substantiation of the system of information and analytical support of the security forces of the security and defense sector of Ukraine under the conditions of the legal regime of martial law.

Development of a diversification strategy for the defense industry organization based on the integration of rational and alternative models of the strategic process

The transfer of innovations of the Military-Industrial Complex to the civilian sphere is a mechanism that should "launch" the innovation process network model. The article analyzes the specifics of strategic management of defense industry organizations that are focused on the command and administrative management model that ensures the fulfillment of the state defense order (GOZ), and it is established that for successful work in civilian markets, it is necessary to apply a market management model. The problem of integration of these models in time and space is considered in the context of the corporate innovation system (CIS). The proposed conceptual model for the development of diversification strategy for the Military-Industrial Complex organization is based on the results of the analysis of scientific and technical potential and the assessment of the innovative potential of the CIS. At the same time, the ability of the Military-Industrial Complex organization to generate value not only for the subjects of the national innovation system to solve the tasks of ensuring the competitiveness of the state in the world markets in the field of high technologies, but also for other subjects of civil industries due to the diffusion of innovations and their adaptation to the needs of market segments is evaluated. At the same time, the specialization of the organization and the possibility of producing technologically related civilian products are taken into account, since the distribution systems are fundamentally different. Assessment of innovation potential requires analysis of the following subsystems: product (scientific and technical level of products), resource; organizational (compliance of the organizational structure with innovative goals); management, knowledge management subsystem. The implementation of the proposed conceptual model allows to obtain various types of synergetic effects.

Knowledge and Awareness regarding Emergency Colour Codes among Resident Doctors and Nursing Staffs of Tertiary Care Facility of District Etawah

Background: Emergency codes are comprehensive, nationwide, systematic approach to incident management, includes the command and coordination of incidents, resource management, and information management. Therefore, it is important for all residents, doctors and staff to be aware and have knowledge about it. Aims: 1) To assess the knowledge and awareness about emergency colour codes among resident doctors and nursing staffs of tertiary care health centre. 2) To find out the training status of Advanced Cardiac Life Support and Basic Life Support among resident doctors and nursing staffs. Methods and Material: A cross sectional study was conducted on all the resident doctors and the nursing staffs in UPUMS Saifai, Etawah. A pre-designed and pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire was used to get the desired information. The questions were pertaining to knowledge and awareness of emergency codes, ACLS, BLS and training regarding to it. Data were entered in excel sheet and were analysed by using IBM SPSS version 25. Descriptive statistics was calculated for quantitative variables. Chi-square and Fischer-exact test was used for analysis of categorical variables. P value less than 0.05 was taken statistically significant. Results: Out of 120 participants, 60% (72/ 120) were resident doctors and 40% (48/ 120) were nursing staffs. Most of the resident doctors (47/ 72) were trained in Basic Life Support as compared to Advanced Cardiac Life Support. Conclusions: Knowledge and awareness regarding emergency colour codes was very poor among resident doctors and nursing staffs and also training was not done in BLS and ACLS.

Model blindness: A Framework for Understanding how Model-Based Decision Support Systems can Lead to Performance Degradation

Model-Based Decision Support Systems (MDSS) are ubiquitous in many high-consequence domains like emergency management and military command and control. This paper proposes a framework of model-blindness imposed by MDSS via filtering relevant information and presenting irrelevant information to the decision-maker, causing performance degradation. The paper also defines novel categories of performance: model-limited, strategy-limited, and context-limited. We propose a theoretical confluence model of operator performance under model blindness and a framework to evaluate model blindness empirically. We report simulation results to demonstrate the impact of model blindness on performance and outline mitigation strategies for designers and developers of MDSS. The recommendations and insights can be used to evaluate the limitations associated with particular MDSS before implementation.