Color Slides Research Articles

Birecik-Suruç (Şanlıurfa) Kentsel Kültür Varlıkları Envanteri 2003

Fieldwork supported by the Cultural inventory Project of TUBA-TUKSEK, which consisted of documenting the urban cultural heritage in Birecik, was carried out between 2001 and 2003 The fieldwork of2003 started on September 7th and continued until! September 18th. One day of work was also carried out in Suruc on September 15th. The borders of the fieldwork region were established as the Ataturk Ilkokulu Street in The north and the Gaziantep-Sanliurfa road in the south. Inventory forms for housing blocks, which were not previously documented were filled out during the 2003 season. A total of 28 building insulae (202, 237-241, 243-247, 249, 251-254, 267-272, 274, 275, 366, 367, 371, 376) m the north and 22 (1-3, 5, 11, 13-24, 298, 353, 356, 358-353) m the south were documented. With the addition of blocks 174, 176 and 177 at the center of the city, and blocks 280 and 297 in the north, the documentation of the cultural entities of the historical town of Birecik is completed. With the addition of 265 inventory forms from the year 2003, a total of 718 inventory forms have been filled out in Birecik. Approximately 2000 digital photographs, 1050 black and white photographs and 36 color slides were taken during the fieldwork of 2001-2003. Since 18 inventory forms were completed in one day in Suruc, it is most probable that 7 days will be adequate time to document all the cultural features of the town of Suruc

Boyabat (Sinop) Kentsel Kültür Varlıkları Envanteri 2003

The (Sinop): Inventory of Urban Cultural Properties. which is part of the Turkish Cultural Inventory Project run by the Turkish Academy of Sciences, was completed through field and office work carried out in 2002 and 2003. In the first part of the research on the Boyabat ur­ban architecture inventory that was done m 2002. work was earned out in the areas of the urban his­torical region indicated in The 1996 Boyabat Imple­mentation Plan. In the second part of research, which was earned out during June 25 - July 7, 2003, 300 inventory index cards were prepared while working outside the urban historical area bo­undaries. During this documentation work, 1080 black and white photographs, 300 color photog­raphs and 580 color slides were made. During the area study, 22 measured plans of the basic inhabi­tation areas of the traditional houses were drawn in the regions lying outside the urban historical area the traditional framework of housing continu­ed, though with some interruptions. The traditional houses in this research area consisted of modest examples that were constructed at a later period, in comparison with the traditional houses inside the historical area, it is possible to group the iradi­tional houses that are outside the Boyabat urban historical area according to when they were built. Some are Ottoman period houses that are dated to the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century and others are Republican period houses. Generally the Republican period houses are found in places where there is a grid plan of blocks and streets southeast of the city center. Because the Boyabat urban cultural properties in­ventory was not within the scope of the TUBA-TUKSEK Pilot Protect, it was sponsored by the Rectorate of Yildiz Technical University's as well as by the Boyabat Municipality.

Çanakkale Kitabeleri Kentsel Kültür Varlıkları Envanteri 2003

The inventorying of the Canakkale epitaphs began in the year 2002 and in the same year, the epitaphs in the center of Canakkale were intensively studied. In the year 2003, the in­ventory study was conducted in the Gelibolu district by four academic staff members bet­ween June 30- July, 2 and July, 7-18. In 2003. the hazires of the Yazicizade Mehmed Mosque and of Ulu Mosque as well as Alaaddin Kalfa Cemetery of Gelibolu were studied. Within 15 days of study, 440 tombs­tone inscriptions, 400 of which are from Ala­addin Kalfa Cemetery, and epitaphs of 2 mos­ques and 4 fountains have been explored, photographed, and classified. 373 epitaphs of them have been categorized with inventory remarks and from 20 of them moulds have been taken. Pertaining to the epitaphs and inscriptions in this study, 650 color photos, 250 black-white photos, 350 digital photos and 250 color slides were taken. The study will be continued in the year 2004 and within 2 weeks, it is planned that ail the epitaphs in the centre of Gelibolu will be documented. Historical cemeteries have been demolished for various reasons, such as house and road constructions; hence, it is extremely urgent that this documentation and inventory study, which sheds light on the socio-cuitural history of the city to be completed as soon as possible.

Bergama (İzmir) Kentsel Kültür Varlıkları Envanteri 2003

As district of which has been declared as Urban Archaeological Site is surrounded by areas defined as Arcaheological Site in 1st. 2nd and 3rd degrees and city has developed towards sout and east in accordance with topography, fabric of that should be protec­ted has survived today without much destruction. ancient town center and its neighborhood where a work on inventory of cultural he­ritage has been carried out was defined as an urban-archeological also surrounded by sites in 1st 2nd and 3rd degrees by Cultural and Natural Conservation Council in 1983 The borders of archeological area of were drawn m Urban Plan of 1968 and have reached borders today after revisi­ons made by Cultural and Natural Conservation Council number 2 of Izmir in 1993, 1994, 1996 and 2002 after having been registered in 1984. Although has been declared an ur­ban site and archaeological site in 1983; urban site and the conditions for const­ruction in transition period have been declared by Cultural and Natural Conservation Co­uncil number 2 of Izmir on November 7, 2001. The preservation plan is still being prepared by Architectural Survey & Restoration Department oi Municipality. The work that was conducted in this district, has ma­de some contributions such as addition of unre­gistered buildings that need to be protected in preservation plan proposal and also a proposal for their registration by Cultural and Natu­ral Conservation Council number 2 of Izmir. So it has also been tried to turn inventory workshop on Bergama Urban Cultural Heritage into a practical profit in aspect of conservation in a short time besides contribution to Cul­tural Inventory Project of Turkey aimed by Tur­kish Academy of Sciences {TUBA} With its fabric that needs SO be protected spreading over an area starting with Hellenistic period, as city of Bergama, whole of which is an urban site', sets a different example in inventory work of cultural heri­tage by Turkish Academy of Sciences - Turkey's Cultural Sector (TUBA-TUKSEK) with this characteristic. The two districts in south and north of Berga­ma Stream differ from each other in aspect of topography and architecture. The ho­uses with outer halls that were built wide apart from each other are common m southern part of Stream flowing through center of city. The traditional are rare and Western influenced built on a continu­ous line dating from late 19th century and The early 20th century are common in northern part of stream called Castle Region. For putting forward characteristics of civil architecture in and its development, two districts that differ from each other in as­pect of topography and architecture have been cho­sen. The development of civil architecture in Bergama, registered in inventory of cultural he­ritage can be understood when construction da­tes and architectural features of houses are handled together. The houses have either one or two-storeys. There are six examples of houses with outer hall and skylight that are told to be dating from The 18th century m written sources The houses that have been inventoried are either with outer hails (open or dosed) or inner halls (open or dosed). The inventory of 4 quarters m among 11 protected under cultural heritage of has been completed. The total number of blocks where inventory work has been carri­ed out is 15. A total number of 238 inventory forms have been filled out and plans of 124 houses have been drawn. 1296 black and white photographs, 360 color slides, 1550 digital photographs have been taken. This work has been conducted with The support of Municipality and Mimar Sinan Fine Arts University.

Comparison of the reproducibility of results of a new peri-implantitis assessment system (implant success index) with the Misch classification.

ObjectivesThe present study was conducted to determine the reproducibility of peri-implant tissue assessment using the new implant success index (ISI) in comparison with the Misch classification.Materials and MethodsIn this descriptive study, 22 cases of peri-implant soft tissue with different conditions were selected, and color slides were prepared from them. The slides were shown to periodontists, maxillofacial surgeons, prosthodontists and general dentists, and these professionals were asked to score the images according to the Misch classification and ISI. The intra- and inter-observer reproducibility scores of the viewers were assessed and reported using kappa and weighted kappa (WK) tests.ResultsInter-observer reproducibility of the ISI technique between the prosthodontists-periodontists (WK=0.85), prosthodontists-maxillofacial surgeons (WK=0.86) and periodontists-maxillofacial surgeons (WK=0.9) was better than that between general dentists and other specialists. In the two groups of general dentists and maxillofacial surgeons, ISI was more reproducible than the Misch classification system (WK=0.99 versus WK non-calculable, WK=1 and WK=0.86). The intra-observer reproducibility of both methods was equally excellent among periodontists (WK=1). For prosthodontists, the WK was not calculable via any of the methods.ConclusionThe intra-observer reproducibility of both the ISI and Misch classification techniques depends on the specialty and expertise of the clinician. Although ISI has more classes, it also has higher reproducibility than simpler classifications due to its ability to provide more detail.

On the Impossibility of Believing in the Documentary: Dariusz Jabłoński’s “Photographer”

Colour slides of the Łódź Ghetto were found in Vienna in 1987. They were taken by Walter Genewein, the Austrian chief accountant of the Ghetto. In 1998, Dariusz Jabłoński made use of the story of Genewein and his slides to shoot the documentary film Photographer. Jabłoński juxtaposed two realities: the world of a smoothly operating enterprise portrayed by the Austrian and the reality recalled by Arnold Mostowicz, the Jew and one of the few Ghetto survivors. As Genewein and Mostowicz tell two different stories their views have to differ as well. Hence, Mostowicz’s disagreement with the reality documented by Genewein and the belief that it is a distorted picture which by no means corresponds with the remembrance of the place. Łysak tries to unravel the mystery of the points of view and understand the truth of the two sides. He also tries to take a closer look at the notion of a “documentary” and explore its possibilities as an objective record of reality. Łysak tries to analyse clichés of the pictures connected with the remembrance of the Holocaust (e.g., image of the gate of the Auschwitz camp with the inscription Arbeit macht frei) and the mechanisms governing a destruction of the clichés and habits (colour used in the portrayal of the Holocaust on the slides taken by Genewein). [originally published in Polish in Kwartalnik Filmowy 2003, no. 43, pp. 66-76]

Are livable elements also restorative?

The present study examined whether three elements claimed by Whyte (1980) as making plazas more livable – seating, triangulation, and food – also make plazas more restorative. We manipulated color slides of three plazas for the presence or absence of each element. Sixty participants (23 men, 37 women) rated each plaza, presented in random order, on a five-item restorativeness scale (PRS_5). The scale proved reliable, we found no gender differences in response and found that adding triangulation (sculpture) or adding both sculpture and seats to plazas improved restorativeness, but that plazas with all three elements had lower scores than plazas with two of them. These findings echoed earlier findings for livability. We also examined complexity, because it might affect fascination, preference, and thus restorativeness. Restorativeness and its items did not relate to restorativeness. We found that differences in perceived livability and restorativeness related to two restorative properties: fascination and coherence.

The Day in Its Color: Charles Cushman's Photographic Journey through a Vanishing America

What is there to say about a little-known traveling salesman, financial analyst, and amateur photographer captivated by America's fading storefronts and town squares, its bustling businesses and factories, and its sprawling vistas and suburbs? Plenty, according to Eric Sandweiss. By the time the amateur photographer Charles Cushman retired his Contax 11A 35mm camera after three decades and a half-million miles with his wife, Jean, on the open road, this native son of rural Indiana had produced 14,500 color slides. Cushman's vivid color photographs, taken from 1938 to 1969, represent, Sandweiss maintains, a “thirty-year experiment in color photography” (p. 13). Until the advent of Kodachrome color film, generations were schooled to see the photographic “past” chronicled in shades of black, white, and gray. For Sandweiss, Cushman's color slides speak a new language, a vernacular of immediacy that renders the past “impossibly present” (ibid.). This lavishly illustrated book opens a window on this transitional moment in American cultural history: a period of migration from rural, agrarian towns to bustling urban centers, and the rise of mass industry and commerce.

A Comparison of the Effectiveness of Colored and Uncolored Anatomy Slides

A Comparison of the Effectiveness of Colored and Uncolored Anatomy Slides

Digital Versus Film Stereo-photography for Assessment of the Optic Nerve Head in Glaucoma and Glaucoma Suspect Patients

One of the leading methods for optic nerve head assessment in glaucoma remains stereoscopic photography. This study compared conventional film and digital stereoscopy in the quantitative and qualitative assessment of the optic nerve head in glaucoma and glaucoma suspect patients. Fifty patients with glaucoma or suspected glaucoma underwent stereoscopic photography of the optic nerve head with a 35-mm color slide film and a digital camera. Photographs/images were presented in random order to 3 glaucoma specialists for independent analysis using a standardized assessment form. Findings for the following parameters were compared among assessors and between techniques: cup/disc (C/D) ratio, state of the optic rim, presence of peripapillary atrophy and appearance of the retinal nerve fiber layer, blood vessels, and lamina cribrosa. The film-based and image-based diagnoses (glaucoma yes/no) were compared as well. Despite high level of agreement across graders using the same method for the horizontal and vertical C/D ratio, (intraclass correlations 0.80 to 0.83), the agreement across graders was much lower for the other parameters using the same method. Similarly the agreement between the findings of the same grader using either method was high for horizontal and vertical C/D ratio, but low for the other parameters. The latter differences were reflected in the disagreement regarding the final diagnosis: The diagnoses differed by technique for each grader in 18% to 46% of eyes, resulting in 38.5% of eyes diagnosed with glaucoma by film photography that "lost" their diagnosis on the digital images, whereas 18.7% of eyes diagnosed as nonglaucomatous by film photography were considered to have glaucoma on the digital images. Although there is consistency between 35-mm film stereoscopy and digital stereoscopy in determining the cup/disc (C/D) ratio, in all other parameters large differences exist, leading to differences in diagnosis. Differences in capturing images between digital and film photography may lead to loss of information and misdiagnosis. Further studies are needed to determine the reliability of the new digital techniques.

Do Seats, Food Vendors, and Sculptures Improve Plaza Visitability?

Building on Whyte’s work on livable places, the present study developed a four-item scale to assess visitability and used it to test whether three attributes identified by Whyte—seating, food, and triangulation—increase visitability. The study used color slides of three plazas altered for the presence or absence of each attribute. Sixty participants (23 men and 37 women) rated slides of the plazas on each of four items on the Perceived Visitability Scale (PVS). The four items had high interitem reliability, and each item and their composite had high interobserver reliability. The visitability ratings showed that plazas with seats, food, or sculpture had higher scores than plazas without those elements; and the combination of seats and sculpture had higher scores than either element alone. Contradicting Whyte, there was no statistically significant effect of gender. Seats, sculpture, and the perceived compatibility of elements with one another may improve plaza visitability.

EEG Correlates of Emotional Experience in Huntington’s Disease

Recognizing negative emotions is impaired in Huntington’s disease (HD), while the subjective emotional involvement in affective pictures images is not completely known in these patients. We aimed to further evaluate emotional reaction in early HD patients, by means of subjective arousal and valence rating and EEG changes induced by International Affective Pictures (IAPS). We recruited 16 consecutive genetically confirmed HD outpatients, and 16 sex and age matched controls. Eighty-four color slides, 28 pleasant, 28 unpleasant and 28 neutral images, in random presentation, were chosen from the International Affective Picture System. EEG was recorded by 32 scalp electrodes. HD patients judged negative and positive affective images respectively more unpleasant and pleasant than controls. They also exhibited higher arousal for pictures, independently from their affective content. However, in HD patients we observed a reduced positivity in the 400-700 m.sec intervals during unpleasant pictures viewing. Present findings may suggest that emotional impact related to affective images is preserved in HD, but it coexists with impairment of late cortical processing following unpleasant stimuli.

J12 Affective pictures perception in early Huntington's disease: valence, arousal and brain responses

There is increasing interest in the nature of the emotion recognition deficit in Huntington9s disease (HD). Recognition of all negative emotions tends to be impaired in HD, particularly in the facial domain. This study aims to evaluate brain9s reactivity to emotional pictures by recording event-related potentials and assessing their relationship to evaluative measures of affect in a cohort of 20 early HD patients, compared to 24 age and sex matched controls. Fourty-two colour slides were chosen from the International Affective Picture System. Each subject was requested to attribute a valence and an arousal rating. (Centre for the Study of Emotion and Attention, 1995). We placed 19 scalp electrodes, for the recording of slow late positive potential (LPP) in the 400–800 ms following pictures presentation. In HD patients the valence and arousal rating were within normal ranges for pleasant, neutral and unpleasant pictures. The amplitude of LPP was slightly reduced during unpleasant pictures viewing. We found a positive correlation between LPP amplitude and functionality scales. In the early phase of HD, the selective processing of emotional stimuli seemed not to be seriously impaired, and may indicate a preservation of high cortical functions in the initial stages of the disease.

Content-based image retrieval for large biomedical image archives.

Content-Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) has been a topic of research interest for nearly a decade. Approaches to date use image features for describing content. A survey of the literature shows that progress has been limited to prototype systems that make gross assumptions and approximations. Additionally, research attention has been largely focused on stock image collections. Advances in medical imaging have led to growth in large image collections. At the Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communication, an R&D division of the National Library of Medicine, we are conducting research on CBIR for biomedical images. We maintain an archive of over 17,000 digitized x-rays of the cervical and lumbar spine from the second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES II). In addition, we are developing an archive of a large number of digitized 35 mm color slides of the uterine cervix. Our research focuses on developing techniques for hybrid text/image query-retrieval from the survey text and image data. In this paper we present the challenges in developing CBIR of biomedical images and results from our research efforts.

Relationship between the Preference and Perceived Restorative Potential of Urban Landscapes

This study presents the relationship between “perceived restorative potential” (PRP) and “preference” for an environment with respect to their relationship with the restorative components outlined by attention restoration theory (ART) in two categories: urban built landscape (UBL) and urban natural landscape (UNL). In this experimental study, 120 participants from University Putra Malaysia (Serdang, Malaysia) rated four restorative components, the PRP and “preference” of 24 color slides depicting UBL and UNL scenes. The results showed that “preference” and PRP was moderately correlated in UNL and UBL. “Compatibility” was found to be the most influential variable among all the restorative components in explaining PRP and “preference” in both UNL and UBL. However, “fascination” appeared to be the second most significant predictor of “preference” in UNL, whereas “being away” was the second most significant predictor of PRP in UNL. Furthermore, “coherence” predicted “preference” but it did not predict PRP in UNL. “Being away” and “coherence” were distinct components of PRP and “preference” and of UNL and UBL.

Prevalence and severity of vestibular recession in mandibular incisors after orthodontic treatment

To assess the prevalence and severity of vestibular gingival recession of mandibular incisors after orthodontic treatment and to evaluate possible contributing factors. From the record pool of patients who completed orthodontic treatment from 1999-2006 at the Department of Orthodontics, University of Oslo, Norway, 588 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Intraoral color slides were used for the evaluation of gingival recessions (based on Miller classification), presence of visible plaque, and gingival inflammation. Cephalometric radiographs were used to assess the sagittal intermaxillary relation, mandibular and intermaxillary angles, and the position of the lower incisors. A control group was drawn from the same pool of 588 patients. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS. The prevalence of gingival recessions after orthodontic treatment was 10.3%. Most (8.6%) were classified as Miller Class I, and 1.7% were classified as Miller Class II. Gingival recession was predominantly found on central incisors. Reduction of the sagittal intermaxillary angle and retroclination of the lower incisors was correlated with the development of a more severe gingival recession. The present study indicates that vestibular gingival recession of mandibular incisors after orthodontic treatment is of minor prevalence and severity. The presence of gingival recession or retroclination of the incisors with mesial basal relations increases the risk of more severe gingival recession.

English

  This study attempted to determine people’s visual preference for urban landscapes in Malaysia. In an experimental study, 120 students from three departments in Universiti Putra Malaysia rated 4 predictors of preference (Coherence, complexity, legibility and mystery) and a criterion variable (preference) of 24 color slides depicting urban built landscape (UBL) and urban natural landscape (UNL) scenes. The results of this study showed that the mean preference and the four predictor ratings were significantly higher for UNL than UBL and it confirmed the role of urban nature in urban landscapes. Also, the results showed that all the predictors of preference could explain a large amount of variance in preference, except for “legibility” in UBL. “Mystery” and “complexity” are found to be the most influential predictors of preference in both categories. Furthermore, “coherence” in UNL notably predicts more preference than in UBL. However, knowledge about preferences and the characteristics of urban landscapes contributes to the designing of an enjoyable environment by designers or planners, and to the decision makers who manage the landscape settings for their users.   Key words: Preference, urban landscape, visual preference, predictors of preference.

Stable refraction and visual acuity in diabetic patients with variable glucose levels under routine care

To investigate how refraction and visual acuity may vary in patients with diabetes under routine care. Fifty-three eyes of 53 patients with various degrees of diabetic retinopathy were examined prospectively on four different occasions within a month. Refraction, best-corrected visual acuity (expressed as logMAR score) and blood glucose were measured on each occasion. Intraindividual variability was calculated as the range between the highest and lowest measurements. Associations between blood glucose levels and each of the other variables were tested by linear regression analysis for each patient. Refraction was completely stable in 43 patients and changed only slightly in 10, in whom the mean intraindividual variability of the spherical equivalent was 0.4 dioptres. Visual acuity test results were also highly reproducible. Mean intraindividual variability in visual acuity was 0.08 logMAR. Mean haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was 7.3 ± 1.5% but individual blood glucose levels ranged from 2.8 to > 22.2 mmol/l. Intraindividual variability ranged from 0.5 to 18.1 mmol/l, with a median of 6.0 mmol/l for the entire group. There were no associations between refraction or visual acuity and blood glucose levels or inter- or intraindividual glucose variations. Refraction and visual acuity test results were highly reproducible and stable in patients with reasonably well controlled diabetes but variable blood glucose levels under routine care.

Drusen Analysis in a Human-Machine Synergistic Framework

To demonstrate how human-machine intelligence can be integrated for efficient image analysis of drusen in age-related macular degeneration and to validate the method in 2 large, independently graded, population-based data sets. We studied 358 manually graded color slides from the Netherlands Genetic Isolate Study. All slides were digitized and analyzed with a user-interactive drusen detection algorithm for the presence and quantity of small, intermediate, and large drusen. A graphic user interface was used to preprocess the images, choose a region of interest, select appropriate corrective filters for images with photographic artifacts or prominent choroidal pattern, and perform drusen segmentation. Weighted κ statistics were used to analyze the initial concordance between human graders and the drusen detection algorithm; discordant grades from 177 left-eye slides were subjected to exhaustive analysis of causes of disagreement and adjudication. To validate our method further, we analyzed a second data set from our Columbia Macular Genetics Study. The graphical user interface decreased the time required to process images in commercial software by 60.0%. After eliminating borderline size disagreements and applying corrective filters for photographic artifacts and choroidal pattern, the weighted κ values were 0.61, 0.62, and 0.76 for small, intermediate, and large drusen, respectively. Our second data set demonstrated a similarly high concordance. Drusen identification performed by our user-interactive method presented fair to good agreement with human graders after filters for common sources of error were applied. This approach exploits a synergistic relationship between the intelligent user and machine computational power, enabling fast and accurate quantitative retinal image analysis.

Reflections On, and Of, the “Slide Show” in my Life

This short essay provides an Afterword to the Special Issue, with an autobiographical commentary on the collections of colour slides made by my father and myself, especially in Africa from the 1950s to mid 1970s. Relevant connections are made with the work of the main contributors here and their common theoretical inspiration in the work of Alfred Gell. I point to the specific social relations required by the need for the amateur photographer to present their colour slides as a performance, which may be initially for family and friends but lends itself also to educational contexts. I have used my slides in lectures, as did my father, but also (along with audio recordings) as a part of my ethnographic documentation and research. Slide collections have quite a distinct social history, different from photographs on paper, and now constitute archival items in themselves, open to a variety of future uses.