Cow Colostrum Research Articles

Performance of carotenoid contents in colostrum of dairy cows during the initial to five days of lactation

Colostrum is the main food for newborn calves, due to contain immunoglobulin, vitamin, zinc, magnesium, riboflavin, folic acid and carotene. This research was conducted to performance of carotene contents in the colostrum of lactating dairy cows. This research was held on testing laboratory of food quality and food safety Faculty of Agriculture Technology Universitas Brawijaya. The material of this research had using total of 10 pregnant dairy cows. After giving birth to the calf/parturition, colostrum samples were taken from all cows on different milking days (milking fifth days). The method in this research was used case study an data obtained with exploratory descriptive. Based on the research results, the highest carotene level was 4.12 µg/g on the first day of milking

Biochemical indicators of blood and colostrum of Simmental cows under the influence of methods of maintenance

Biochemical indicators of blood and colostrum of Simmental cows under the influence of methods of maintenance

ВЛИЯНИЕ ИММУНОСТИМУЛИРУЮЩИХ ПРЕПАРАТОВ НА УРОВЕНЬ ИММУННОЙ КОМПЕТЕНЦИИ ТЕЛЯТ

The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of immune stimulating drugs Salus-P-E and Bovistim-K on the quality of colostrum and the immune status of calves after colostrum feeding. The research was carried out on first-calf heifers of the Holstein breed. Three groups of deep-calving cows were selected according to the principle of analogue groups of 10 animals each. Cows of the 1st experimental group were injected intramuscularly in the middle third of the neck Salus-P-E at a dose of 10 ml three times – 60, 30 and 15 days before the expected date of calving; the 2nd experimental group were injected Bovistim-K at the same time and dose; in the control group, biological preparations were not used. Colostrum sampling was carried out twice: within 60 minutes after calving and 24 hours after calving. In the second series of experiments, we studied the clinical and physiological state and blood parameters of newborn calves after feeding colostrum. The colostrum of cows of the 1st and 2nd experimental groups contained more immunoglobulins than control samples by 23.8 and 27.67 g/l; total protein – by 3.08 and 3.32%; the level of caseins – by 0.34 and 0.22%, respectively. Against the background of the immune correction of the organism of deep-calving dams, there is an increase in the amount of hemoglobin, total protein, reserve alkalinity and certain changes in the ratio of protein fractions of blood in newborn calves. In the first day of life, an increase in the blood serum of calves of the 1st and 2nd experimental groups was found compared to the control: albumin by 7.9 and 8.4%; α-globulins – by 18.6 and 15.7%, β-globulins – by 22.1 and 16.9%, γ-globulins – by 24.4 and 21.4%, respectively. Feeding high-quality colostrum (Brix over 24) contributed to an increase in the average daily gains in calves of the 1st and 2nd experimental groups by 18.2 and 20.2%. The use of the immune stimulating drugs Salus-P-E and Bovistim-K increases the immunocompetent properties of colostrum, which contributes to the formation of a high level of colostral immunity in the body of newborn calves, reducing morbidity and improving growth and survival rates.

Individual Peptides Extraction and Characteristics of Cow Colostrum Trypsin Hydrolysate with Biological Activity Assessment

The research concerned the trypsin peptides analysis of colostrum hydrolyzate. The authors isolated seven individual peptides: TT1, TT2, TT3, T(1), T1.1, T1.2, mpT. They determined the molecular weight of the peptides and the amino acid sequence in the peptide chain by mass spectrometry; peptides – using the international database Protein NCBI. The mpT peptide contains the largest number of amino acids – 49. The T1.2 peptide is similar to the membrane-active peptide BAMA Bos taurus, which opens prospects for its use as a part of antibacterial agents or as a BAS carrier. In colostrum hydrolyzate the T1 peptide has the T highest concentration (2.04 mg/ml). It consists of 17 amino acids and matches the peptide NCI_CGAP_Brn23 cDNA Homo sapiens clone, which is similar to TR: O35085 ARX HOMEOPROTEIN. The homeobox protein containing the development gene of a PRD-like class is related to the T(1) peptide. This gene in humans is located on the X chromosome and is involved in the central nervous system and pancreas development. According to the results, the researchers isolated peptides from colostrum hydrolyzate, and identified some of them. Still a man understudies the biological role of most of the determined peptides, and has not proved its safety. In this regard, the study aimed at assessing the hydrolyzate cytotoxicity using the Neutral Red Assay method on the HEK293 cell line during a 24-hour incubation. Cytotoxicity in the first, second and third measurements at a concentration of 0.1 mg/ml was: −3.3; −1.0 and 0.20; at a concentration of 0.3 mg/ml: −1.3; −3.5 and −8.7; at 0.5 mg/ml: −2.6; −0.6 and 0.4. The results indicate no toxicity. The authors studied the antimicrobial and antifungal hydrolyzate activity. Colostrum hydrolyzate demonstrates antimicrobial activity against E. coli and B. subtilis bacteria and antifungal activity against C. albicans. The results assert that the peptides are of clinical importance and can serve as a template for the anti-infective drug development.

Buffalo colostrum- A novel substitute of human serum for the cultivation of Plasmodium falciparum in vitro

In vitro cultivation of erythrocytic stages of Plasmodium falciparum requires supplementing the culture medium with human serum. The present study was carried out to explore an alternative to human serum. Different human serum samples were found to vary considerably in their ability to support the growth of erythrocytic stages of P. falciparum in vitro. These results strongly suggested the use of pooled human serum for comparing the growth of parasites in medium augmented with other supplements. Parasites could multiply for a few cycles only in RPMI (Roswell Park Memorial Institute) medium supplemented with serum obtained from pig, goat, sheep or buffalo. Continued cultivation could not be achieved using any one of these animal sera. Ability of bovine colostrum was investigated as an alternative to human serum. Buffalo colostrum, 10%(v/v) 'suitably prepared' supported the continuous growth and multiplication of P. falciparum . Morphologically both asexual and sexual stages appeared normal and healthy, but the multiplication rate of parasites grown in colostrum augmented medium was found to be lower than that in serum-supplemented medium. The one month of uninterrupted cultivation of P. falciparum registered 106 fold increase in parasite density compared to 1010 fold multiplication recorded in control culture with 10% serum supplement. Cow colostrum failed to support the growth and multiplication of parasites beyond 6 days in culture. The initial positive results with buffalo colostrum hold promise and should be explored further as a potential substitute for human serum for continuous in vitro propagation of erythrocytic stages of the malignant malaria parasite.

Antimicrobial and Immunomodulatory Potential of Cow Colostrum Extracellular Vesicles (ColosEVs) in an Intestinal In Vitro Model.

Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized double-lipid-membrane-bound structures, acting mainly as signalling mediators between distant cells and, in particular, modulating the immune response and inflammation of targeted cells. Milk and colostrum contain high amounts of EVs that could be exploited as alternative natural systems in antimicrobial fighting. The aim of this study is to evaluate cow colostrum-derived EVs (colosEVs) for their antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulating effects in vitro to assess their suitability as natural antimicrobial agents as a strategy to cope with the drug resistance problem. ColosEVs were evaluated on a model of neonatal calf diarrhoea caused by Escherichia coli infection, a livestock disease where antibiotic therapy often has poor results. Colostrum from Piedmontese cows was collected within 24 h of calving and colosEVs were immediately isolated. IPEC-J2 cell line was pre-treated with colosEVs for 48 h and then infected with EPEC/NTEC field strains for 2 h. Bacterial adherence and IPEC-J2 gene expression analysis (RT-qPCR) of CXCL8, DEFB1, DEFB4A, TLR4, TLR5, NFKB1, MYD88, CGAS, RIGI and STING were evaluated. The colosEVs pre-treatment significantly reduced the ability of EPEC/NTEC strains to adhere to cell surfaces (p = 0.006), suggesting a role of ColosEVs in modulating host−pathogen interactions. Moreover, our results showed a significant decrease in TLR5 (p < 0.05), CGAS (p < 0.05) and STING (p < 0.01) gene expression in cells that were pre-treated with ColosEVs and then infected, thus highlighting a potential antimicrobial activity of ColosEVs. This is the first preliminarily study investigating ColosEV immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects on an in vitro model of neonatal calf diarrhoea, showing its potential as a therapeutic and prophylactic tool.

The influence of breed characteristics and the level of milk productivity on the quality of colostrum of cows

At the “Pchany-Denkovych” farm of the Stryi district of the Lviv region, the content of immunoglobulins in the colostrum of experimental cows was studied during the entire lactation period, according to lactations, depending on the level of productivity. We also studied the biochemical indicators of colostrum of cows of the Ukrainian black-spotted dairy, Simmental, and Ukrainian red-spotted dairy breeds. The dynamics of the content of immunoglobulins in the colostrum of the cows of the experimental groups and their content depending on the age and level of productivity were established. On the first day, the colostrum of experimental cows of the first, second, and third groups contained 67.4; 86.8; 69.5 g/l of immunoglobulins. On the third, fifth, eighth, and tenth days, its content in the colostrum of cows decreased in the experimental groups, respectively – on the third day, it was 3.6; 4.0; 3.7 times, the fifth – 6.3; 3.4; 5.7; 5.8 times, the eighth – 10.5; 7.9; 8.4 times and the tenth – 25.0; 24.1; 21.7 times. It has been proven that the colostrum of firstborns does not meet the physiological norm. In the dynamics of the content of immunoglobulins by lactation in all cows of the experimental breeds, there is an increase in their content by lactation. At the same time, its maximum rate in different breeds is manifested in different lactations. In cows of the Ukrainian black-spotted dairy breed of the first group and the Ukrainian red-spotted dairy breed of the third group, the entire content was found in the fourth lactation (68.4; 98.9 g/l), and in the Simmental breed of the second – in the fifth lactation (112.5 g/l). According to the maximum index of immunoglobulins, the advantage belongs to cows of the Simmental breed of the second group, which is 44.1 g/l (Р &lt; 0.001) and 13.6 g/l (Р &lt; 0.001) more than the index of cows of the Ukrainian black and red-spotted dairy breeds of the first and the third group. Among cows of different productivity levels, the highest content of immunoglobulins was in the colostrum of Simmental cows (87.83 g/l), with a productivity of up to 4,000 kg of milk per lactation. It was correspondingly low in animals of the Ukrainian black-spotted dairy breed (53.91 g/l) with a productivity of 5001–6000 kg of milk. In the colostrum of Simmental cows belonging to the second group, the maximum absolute content of fat (5.89 %), protein (7.25 %), and dry skimmed milk residue (10.70 %) were determined, and the minimum indicators were found (respectively – 5.42; 6.81 and 10.24 %) in analogs of the Ukrainian black and spotted dairy breed from the first group.

Effects of non- aureus staphylococci on colostrum composition, properties and fatty acid profile in cow - a preliminary study.

By providing the body with essential nutrients, colostrum plays an immune and immunostimulating function. Colostrum quality depends on multiple factors, including microbial presence. This study aimed to explore the effect of non-aureus staphylococci on colostrum quality. Physical and chemical properties, fatty acid profile of cow colostrum were determined. In our study, we identified three non- aureus staphylococci species in the colostrum: S. sciuri, S. xylosus and S. warneri. The percentage of dry matter in staphylococci positive and negative colostrum samples did not differ significantly. Contents of fat, protein, and lactose in the colostrum were similar. The content of butyric (С4:0) and capric (С10:0) acids was significantly higher in the colostrum fat from samples positive for non- aureus staphylococci. Total bacterial count was lower in non- aureus staphylococci positive samples, while pH increased. The percentage of β-casein was lower in colostrum with a positive culture for non- aureus staphylococci.

Microcapsulation and evaluation of subchronic toxicity of peptides extracted from cow colostrum and peptides of Fabricius bursa extract of broiler chickens

Peptides have high biological activity and are used in the composition of medicines. Peptides are not widely used in food technology as they are sensitive to the action of proteolytic enzymes of the gastrointestinal tract and are characterized by rapid decomposition reducing their effectiveness. Colostrum of cows is a promising source of peptides with different functional orientations. One of the ways contributing to the expansion of using peptides when administered orally is their microcapsulation. The aim of the research is to develop a technology and method for microcapsulating peptides extracted from cow colostrum after calving and to assess their subchronic toxicity. The development of an installation for microencapsulation of peptides was carried out taking into account the diameter of the wide part of the cone of the working chamber and the speed of soaring of small particles of peptide conglomerates. For the experiment on the comparative assessment of the subchronic toxicity of encapsulated and free peptides, 4 groups of nonlinear mice were formed, 10 in each. Group 1 of mice was a control, group 2 (experimental) received an extract of the fabricium bag of broiler chickens containing peptides of various molecular weights at a dose of 15,000 mg/kg, group 3 - free peptides extracted from cow colostrum serum in an amount of 1,500 mg/kg, group 4 - encapsulated peptides in an amount of 15,000 mg/kg. Hematological blood analysis was performed using the analyzer PCE-90Vet. The mice were weighed on the 7th, 9th, 14th, 21st and 28th days of the experiment. Biochemical analysis of animal blood sera was carried out using the analyzer StatFax 3300. During the study, it has been found that the treatment of peptides with maltodextrin solution for 1.0-1.5 minutes forms a protective coating with a thickness of more than 2 microns. The diameters of the wide and narrow parts of the cone of the device and the velocity of the gushing streams for the smallest and largest particles of the peptide conglomerate have been calculated. The absence of toxicity of microcapsulated peptides has been proven.

Biological Activation of Baker's Yeast and the Possibility of Enrichment of Bakery Products with Peptides

Introduction. The stimulation of the fermentation activity of baker's yeast in baking and giving additional nutritional value to mass consumption food products is an important area of ​​scientific research.Purpose. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effect of partial replacement of a salt solution with an enzymatic hydrolyzate of cow colostrum on the activation of baking yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae when kneading the dough and to study the possibility of enriching bakery products with biologically active peptides.Materials and Methods. The research materials were model dough samples prepared without yeast activation and on activated yeast using enzymatic hydrolyzate of bovine colostrum. The presence of peptides in the dough samples was determined on a MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer, decryption was performed using the Mascot database, the Peptide Fingerprint option (Matrix Science, USA) using the Protein NCBI database.Results. It has been established that the replacement of the sodium chloride solution used in the dough formulation with the enzymatic hydrolyzate of bovine colostrum has a positive effect on the activation of metabolic processes in the yeast cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The results obtained indicate that, compared with the control, the lifting force of pressed baker's yeast with a complete replacement of the salt solution with the enzymatic hydrolyzate of cow colostrum increased by 26%, for dried yeast, the lifting force increased by 20% compared to the control sample. In model dough samples, a biologically active peptide present in the used enzymatic hydrolyzate of bovine colostrum was identified, the amino acid sequence and molecular weight of the isolated peptide were determined.Conclusions. The use of enzymatic hydrolyzate of bovine colostrum in the technology of bakery products will speed up the production process and enrich the bread with biologically active peptides. But at the same time, it is necessary to conduct additional studies on the effect of activated yeast on the quality and shelf life of biologically active peptides in finished bread.

338 The Impact of an Aspergillus Oryzae Prebiotic on Mineral Bioavailability in Multiparous Beef Cows Supplemented with Vitaferm Concept-aid

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effect of supplementation with an Aspergillus oryzae prebiotic (AOP) fed from ~30 d pre-partum until 30 d post-partum, on mineral concentrations in blood, liver, colostrum, and milk of multiparous beef cows. Thirty pregnant Angus crossbred cows were offered ad libitum Bermuda grass hay (Cynodon dactylon) plus a Vitaferm Concept-Aid (Biozyme Inc., St Joseph, MO) supplement at a rate of 112 g, containing (AOP; n = 15) or not (CTL; n = 15) an AOP. The treatments were delivered individually with a dried distillers grains-based premix at 454 g/d using an automated feeder (C-lock Inc, Rapid City, SD). For a minimum of 60 days prior to the expected calving date, the cows did not receive any mineral supplementation. Approximately 30 days prior to calving, right before supplementation began, blood and liver samples were collected, and mineral concentrations were used as a baseline. At calving (d 0) colostrum and blood samples were collected. Blood sampling, liver biopsies and milk collections were performed within one week after calving (d 7), and 30 days post-partum (d 30). All samples were analyzed to determine mineral concentration of P, Ca, Mg, Co, Cu, Fe, Zn, Mo, Mn, and Se. Concentrations of most micro minerals ranged from marginally adequate to deficient, with small improvement over time. Cows fed AOP had 11 and 14% lesser P and Se concentrations in serum, respectively (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Conversely, cows fed AOP had greater concentrations of Mn concentration in milk by 34% (P ≤ 0.05), and greater Cu in milk by 74% on day 7 (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Feeding AOP did not affect (P &amp;gt; 0.10) the mineral concentrations in liver nor in colostrum. In conclusion, feeding AOP may affect mineral bioavailability in beef cows as evidenced by changes in milk mineral concentrations.

The effects of FASN and DGAT1 gene polymorphism on colostrum and milk fatty acid composition of Charolais cows and growth in Charolais calves

Fatty acid composition of milk has become an important trait in dairy production, but there has not been a large amount of research on milk fat composition in beef cows. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of polymorphisms in the fatty acid synthase (FASN) and acyl-CoA diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT1) gene on milk and colostrum fatty acid composition, and their direct (calf) and indirect (cow/mother) relationships with calf birth weight and weight gain over 14 days. Eight Charolais cows and eight calves were genotyped using the PCR-RFLP method. The cows’ milk and colostrum fatty acid profiles and their calves’ weight at birth and 14 day weight gain were analysed. In the colostrum, cows with DGAT1 genotype KA had a significantly higher content of C4:0 and lower C10:0, and with FASN diplotype TW/AR a tendency for higher C14:0 and C16:0 colostrum FA content. In the milk, Charolais cows with diplotype TW/AR tended to have higher C14:1, C16:0 and C16:1, but lower C18:0 content. At the same time, no associations were found between DGAT1 genotypes and the fatty acid composition of milk. There were also no significant associations found between the studied SNPs and the calf’s birth weight and weight gain over 14 days, although calves with DGAT1 KA genotype tended to have higher birth weight.

Macrophage-activating factor of bovine colostrum promotes phagocytic activity of murine macrophages and bovine phagocytes

Periparturient dairy cows and their newborn calves are highly prone to health complications. Enhancing the innate immune system of these animals is essential to mitigate the transition period stress and promote their health. Macrophage activating factor (MAF) possess immunomodulatory properties and is believed to enhance immune response. In the present study, the impact of different concentrations (10, 50, 100 ng) of MAF on the phagocytic activity (PA) of murine and bovine phagocytoses was explored. MAF synthesized from IgA of cow colostrum was studied for its effect on the phagocytic index (PI) of cow colostrum macrophages (Mφ) and blood neutrophils (sick and healthy calves) under in vitro conditions. Besides, the impact of MAF on the PI of peritoneal Mφ of healthy and immunocompromised mice was studied. PI of healthy Mφ (mice peritoneal and cow colostrum) and healthy neutrophils (blood calf) increased significantly (P < 0.05) after MAF supplementation. MAF also significantly (P < 0.05) increased the PI of neutrophils and Mφ obtained from sick calf and immunocompromised mice, respectively. Results indicate that colostrum MAF can be used as a potential immune modulator to promote immunity and fight infections in dairy animals.

IMMUNOLOGICAL STATUS OF BLOOD AND MILK OF COWS AFTER APPLICATION OF PROBIOTICS

Among the main tasks of cattle breeding is creation of conditions for obtaining healthy young animals, which will ensure high level of productivity in the future. Nowadays, interest in probiotic products is growing in countries around the world. Probiotics help to reduce diseases of livestock, improve digestion, metabolism, increase animal productivity, and maintain the immunological status. Vetom series probiotics are widely used in this industry. These products have an extensive range of actions, one of which is correction of immunobiochemical status. The aim of our study was to study the effect of Vetom 1.2 probiotics on immunological status of blood and milk. Scientific and economic experiment was carried out at AO "Uchkhoz" Prigorodnoe ", Barnaul, on black-and-white cows in the autumn-winter period. The manufacturer of "Vetom 1.2" probiotic preparation is OOO NPF "Research Center", Novosibirsk Region, Koltsovo v. When analyzing the results of the studies, we found: 1. Increase of parameters during the study period: carotene by 27.4%, retinol and tocopherol by 26.5% and 16.2%, respectively, gamma globulin by 15.8%, albumin by 10 .6%. 2. Increase of immunoglobulins in blood serum of cows in the experimental group compared to the control group: albumin by 14.4%; alpha, beta, gamma globulin by 16.3%, 13.7%, 17.8%, respectively. 3. It was found that the level of immunoglobulins in colostrum was higher by 31.4% in the experimental group of cows on the first day of lactation, on the second day by 14.1% compared to the control group. Based on the obtained results, the following conclusions were made: 1. "Vetom 1.2" has a positive effect on dynamics of immunological status of cow blood. 2. The probiotics helps to increase the level of immunoglobulins in the colostrum of cows.

Colostrum Management: Keys to Optimizing Output and Uptake of Immunoglobulin G

Colostrum is essential for the health and wellbeing of dairy cattle. This review provides insight into different means of augmenting or enhancing colostrum quality including colostrum feeding, dry cow management, prepartum cow diets, freezing, pasteurization, colostrum additives, and colostrum replacers. Other components in colostrum such as maternal cells and their importance are discussed. New research is needed regarding the components in colostrum (bioactive peptides and growth factors) and their effects on the neonate. Colostrum replacers and a prediction equation to estimate colostrum quality are reviewed.

Biological properties of cow colostrum

Colostrum (beastings) is a specific secret of the mammary gland, preceding milk formation, having a unique composition and high nutritive value. Nowadays, no biologically active supplement or drug can replace it. This article presents a review of literature data of domestic and foreign authors on the composition and main biological properties of cow colostrum. Viability of young animals directly depends on colostrum quality and compliance with the rules of its feeding. The main biological properties of colostrum are primarily due to the content of active immune components in it, which are necessary for the formation of colostral (passive) immunity in calves and further formation of their immune system. During the first days of life, colostrum is necessary to protect the newborn from pathogenic microflora. The review paper discusses the mechanisms of passive immunity in calves, which are formed with involvement of immune proteins and enzymes of mammary gland secretion. In addition, colostrum contributes to the formation of the digestive, hematopoietic and endocrine systems. In connection with named functions, we reviewed the available data on the basic components of colostrum, vitamin and mineral composition, and acidity. The variability of indicators is discussed depending on the number of lactation, the transition to the production of mature milk, and other factors.

Oral supplementation with organically modified clinoptilolite during prepartum period influences the redox status of peripheral blood and colostrum of primiparous dairy cows

Redox imbalance in peripartum period influences health of dairy cows and their foetus and, through the colostrum, health of new-born calves. Oxidative stress in cattle can be suppressed by dietary supplementation with natural minerals, and we investigated the effect of supplementation with organically modified clinoptilolite on redox status parameters in healthy pregnant primiparous dairy cows. Holstein cows were randomly assigned to receive daily oral drenching, with 1 L of water containing either 0 g/L (n = 14; control group) or 150 g/L of clinoptilolite (n = 17; supplemented group). Treatment lasted from 24 ± 4 days prior to parturition until 2 days postpartum (pp). Blood samples were collected on days 24 ± 4 (–24 D) and 4 ± 2 (–4 D) prior to parturition and on days 1 (+1 D), 2 (+2 D), and 7 (+7 D) pp, and colostrum were collected at 2, 12, 24 and 36 h pp. Total antioxidant capacity, lipid peroxides, and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) levels were determined in peripheral blood plasma, erythrocytes, and colostrum whey. The concentration of antioxidants in the peripheral blood of supplemented cows was increased by 41% and 19% on (+2 D) and (+7 D), respectively, while the concentration of lipid peroxides on (+7 D) was lowered by 57% compared with the control group. In addition, this supplementation increased erythrocyte AOPP level on (–4 D) 61%) and colostral lipid peroxides level (90%) at 24 h pp. The results of this study showed that applied short-term supplementation with clinoptilolite influences redox homeostasis and may contribute to effective adaptation of primiparous cows to redox imbalance in the peripartum period. Highlights Short-term dietary supplementation with clinoptilolite in the prepartum period modulates redox homeostasis of the dairy cows’ blood plasma. Short-term dietary supplementation with clinoptilolite contributes to adaptation of dairy cows to redox imbalance in the peripartum period. Short-term dietary supplementation with clinoptilolite increase the level of lipid peroxides in colostrum of dairy cows.

Colostrum of cattle in the prevention of human infectious disease (literature review)

Colostrum (or immune milk) is the first milk that mammals produce after childbirth, and its composition differs markedly from milk obtained later in lactation. Colostrum is a rich source of immunoglobulins and other biologically active components. The purpose of this literature review is to systematize research on methods of treatment and prevention of human infectious diseases using immunomodulatory and immunoprotective properties of colostrum. The open sources hosted in PubMed, Researchgate and eLibrary databases were studied. The history of the use of colostrum from hyperimmunized cows as a treatment for human diseases can be traced back to the 1950s. Many studies on the use of colostrum have explored its potential in both the prevention and treatment of various infectious diseases. The data obtained indicate the high efficiency of the use of cow colostrum and its components both for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases. Colostrum is capable of producing a heterologous transfer of passive immunity. The immunization protocols used in the production of immune milk can be highly variable. This is especially true for the timing of immunization. Working on immunization protocols that expose animals to specific antigens can result in enhanced humoral immune responses in the mammary gland. The most relevant is the search for ways to use immune milk as a means to contain the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. The literature review provides a description of antimicrobial, immunomodulatory and growth-stimulating factors in bovine colostrum. Examples and descriptions of homologous and heterologous transmission of passive immunity are given.

Evaluation of the efficacy of cow colostrum in the treatment and its effect on serum proteomes in calves with cryptosporidiosis

This study aimed to investigate the effect of using high-quality colostrum in addition to paromomycin on the treatment outcomes and serum proteomes of calves naturally affected by cryptosporidiosis. Thirty Holstein calves infected with only Cryptosporidium spp. were divided into three equal groups. Calves in the PC group received paromomycin orally at a dose of 100 mg/kg once daily for 5 days. Calves in PCOL and PBCOL groups received 250 ml colostrum 3 h after feeding twice a day for 3 days. The PBCOL group was also given 6 g of sodium bicarbonate 15 min before colostrum administration. While the fecal scores of all calves were evaluated daily for 10 days from the initiation of the treatment, fecal oocyst counts were determined on the 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, and 10th days. Brix%, total protein (TP), immunoglobulin G (IgG), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) levels, and proteomic analyses were performed on the 0 and 3rd days' sera. Considering pretreatment values, fecal scores (8th, 2nd, and 2nd day), and fecal oocyst counts (10th, 3rd, and 2nd day) improved in a significantly (p < 0.05) shorter time in the colostrum groups than in the control group. By serum proteomic analysis, 99, 93, and 83 proteomes were detected in PC, PCOL, and PBCOL groups, respectively. Although the significant changes in any protein in Group PC were absent, significant changes were observed in Alpha-1B-glycoprotein (A1BG), Zinc transporterZIP11 (S39AB), Cathelicidin-1 (CTHL1), Actin_ cytoplasmic-1 (ACTB), and Apolipoprotein A-IV (APOA4) proteins in Group PCOL and Alpha-1-antiproteinase (A1AT), Serum amyloid A protein (SAA), Actin-cytoplasmic-2 (ACTG), Protein HP-20 homolog (HP20) proteins in Group PBCOL with colostral treatment, which indicated that the use of colostrum had an effect on calf serum proteomes. The more pronounced healing and shorter clinical improvement time in the colostrum groups especially colostrum with sodium bicarbonate revealed that these proteomes have positive effects in the treatment with their systemic and local effects in the intestines.

Effect of Peanut Shell and Rice Husk Bedding for Dairy Cows: An Analysis of Material Properties and Colostrum Microbiota.

Simple SummaryThe provision of appropriate bedding is important for the welfare of dairy cows. Before bedding can be selected, it is critical to understand the properties of the bedding, including its impact on milk microbiota. The objective of this article was to evaluate the influence of three materials for use as bedding on physicochemical properties, bacterial counts and colostrum microbiota of cows. Our results demonstrate that peanut shells appear to be a suitable bedding material for cows. These experiments provide empirical support for the use of peanut shells and rice husks as bedding material for dairy cows and illustrates the effects of bedding types on the colostrum microbiota of dairy cows.The aim of this study was to evaluate peanut shells and rice husks as bedding for dairy cows. We analyzed material properties including dry matter, water holding capacity, pH level and bacterial counts. Bedding treatments were compared with a one-way ANOVA using twelve cows split into three groups. Colostrum microbiota was analyzed by sequencing of the V3–V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Dry matter content was higher in rice husks compared with peanut shells. No treatment effects were found for water holding capacity and pH level. Streptococcus agalactia counts in peanut shell bedding were lower than in rice husk bedding, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa counts were not different between beddings. A significant enrichment for Enhydrobacter and Pantoea were detected in the colostrum of cows that used peanut shells compared with other beddings. Colostrum of cows housed on a peanut–rice combination had a greater relative abundance of Pseudomonas and Corynebacterium than those housed on peanut shells or rice husks. Higher numbers of Bacteroides, Akkermansia, Alistipes, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014, Coriobacteriaceae_UCG-002 and Intestinimona were found in the colostrum of cows housed on rice husk bedding over other bedding types. These results suggest that bedding types were associated with the growth and diversity of colostrum bacterial loads. In addition, dry matter in peanut shells was lower than found in rice husks, but there was also a lower risk of mastitis for peanut shell bedding than other beddings.