Biological properties of cow colostrum

Abstract

Colostrum (beastings) is a specific secret of the mammary gland, preceding milk formation, having a unique composition and high nutritive value. Nowadays, no biologically active supplement or drug can replace it. This article presents a review of literature data of domestic and foreign authors on the composition and main biological properties of cow colostrum. Viability of young animals directly depends on colostrum quality and compliance with the rules of its feeding. The main biological properties of colostrum are primarily due to the content of active immune components in it, which are necessary for the formation of colostral (passive) immunity in calves and further formation of their immune system. During the first days of life, colostrum is necessary to protect the newborn from pathogenic microflora. The review paper discusses the mechanisms of passive immunity in calves, which are formed with involvement of immune proteins and enzymes of mammary gland secretion. In addition, colostrum contributes to the formation of the digestive, hematopoietic and endocrine systems. In connection with named functions, we reviewed the available data on the basic components of colostrum, vitamin and mineral composition, and acidity. The variability of indicators is discussed depending on the number of lactation, the transition to the production of mature milk, and other factors.