Colombian Society Research Articles

Based on a survey relative to the practice of simultaneous anaesthesia in Latin-America

IntroductionDespite the development of anaesthesia worldwide, not all operating rooms follow minimum stringent safety standards. One of the violations of patient safety standards is simultaneous anaesthesia, which threatens the life of the patient and compromises medical ethics and professionalism. ObjectiveTo describes the frequency of the practice of simultaneous anaesthesia among a group of anaesthetists and anaesthesia residents who attended a Latin-American Anaesthesiology Congress. Materials and methodsCross-sectional study of a universe of 954 participants who registered to the XXXII Congress of CLASA, held in Asunción, Paraguay (September 30th to October 3rd, 2013). Participation in the study was voluntary after verbal informed consent on the part of the respondents, and the questionnaire was answered anonymously. This study was approved by the Research Committee of the Colombian Society of Anaesthesiology and Resuscitation (Sociedad Colombiana de Anestesiología y Reanimación – S.C.A.R.E). ResultsOf the 112 anaesthetists and 29 anaesthesia residents surveyed, 30% recognized that simultaneous anaesthesia is given habitually at their place of work; 26% do not apply the checklist; 24% consider that the practice is justified; and 84% are in favour of penalizing this behaviour. ConclusionThere are places where simultaneous anaesthesia is still practiced and where the checklist is not used. A vast majority of the respondents agree that this breach must be penalized in order to improve patient safety.

Female Sex Workers in the City of Bogotá: From Stigma to Empowerment

Female sex workers (FSWs) in Bogota, Colombia experience stigmatization due to their work, which results in a violation of basic human rights. The article describes the social challenges and violations faced by this group due to different types of stigma present in Colombian society and discusses current political debates around the legality of sex work. It proposes that through empowering these women using a participatory approach and giving them access to technology such as photography and video, empathy can be mobilized and can reduce the barriers that FSWs and their children are facing. By raising awareness of the problem of stigmatization, it becomes possible to effect change on a political level through critical social inclusion praxis. The article begins by analyzing different stigmas that exist in Colombian society and the problems that result from such stigmas, before offering a review of social initiatives and proposing a project outline and policy options using participatory methods.

Plan prospectivo para el desarrollo agrario en las Regiones colombianas a partir del posconflicto al año 2025

El presente texto derivado de investigación, presenta los resultados del análisis prospectivo para el desarrollo agrario de las regiones colombianas, de cara a un posible acuerdo fruto de las actuales (2014) negociaciones de Paz entre la guerrilla de las Farc-EP y el Gobierno Colombiano, acuerdo que de firmarse permitiría a la sociedad Colombiana entrar en lo que por ahora se ha denominado posconflicto. En este texto se proyectan posibles escenarios al año 2025; nos planteamos 4 posibles escenarios, dos alternos identificados como: Bienestar a Media y Sobreviviendo, un escenario catastrófico denominado Pobreza Absoluta y nuestro escenario apuesta: Paz y Prosperidad.

La ruta psicosocial del desplazamiento: una perspectiva de género

With approximately four million affected people, forced displacement is nowadays one of the largest social problems Colombian society must face. About half of these four million are women. This article uses various studies carried out in the last years at the Psychology Department of the Universidad del Norte (Barranquilla) based on qualitative methodology (8 focal groups with displaced women) as a starting point. As a result of these studies it is concluded that the experience of displacement is clearly marked by a route that includes the following episodes: a) yearning for country life; b) the untimely arrival of violence and the decision to escape; c) life in the city of acceptance, and d) hope in the future.

Mammalogy notes | Notas mastozoológicas: su origen y pertinencia en la ciencia mastozoológica

La Sociedad Colombiana de Mastozoología (SCMas) surgió de la necesidad de reunir, promover y facilitar los procesos de investigación de los mamíferos del país (González-Maya & Mantilla-Meluk 2011). Este proceso, como evolución natural de las diferentes ramas de la ciencia en un país, coincide con una trayectoria de larga data ocurrido inicialmente en algunos países desarrollados.

Violencia y memoria indígena en Cauca y La Guajira

La reciente violencia en contra de los pueblos indígenas colombianos es integral, no solo política o socioeconómica, sino también cultural y simbólica. Sus luchas de resistencia muestran que, más que víctimas pasivas, ellos son actores sociopolíticos con un proyecto distinto de vida. En esa resistencia se destacan las memorias, cortas y largas, que van construyendo los pueblos originarios del país con un profundo sentido político. Se trata de memorias plurales que están en permanente disputa por el significado del pasado, tanto dentro de las comunidades indígenas como con el resto de la sociedad colombiana. Tal es la temática que cubre este artículo, que centra su análisis en los casos del Cauca y La Guajira.

Corpo Armado e Prática Esportiva

In Colombian society, as well as in many Latin American societies, the ubiquity and the prestige of the armed individual have become benchmarks for personal fulfilment, making sure their forms of social relationships are promoted, accepted and generalized as a model of socialization. Among the main effects of this omnipresence is the acceptance of the use of the armed-violence; a condition which determines how the social link is established both at the level of interpersonal and social organization. This article presents some features of the processes and conditions related to the incorporation of the weapon to the body and what it implies in terms of the perception of self and social organization. The reflection is focused on the functional flexibility of some aspects and modes of interaction promoted through physical education and sports in relation to the transformation of the body in to an armed-body and its social acceptance. The article wonders how and under what conditions, physical education and sport contribute to the spread of habits, which are functional in the creation and acceptance of the armed-body.

Promoción de la investigación en anestesiología pediátrica

Over the past two years there has been increased interest in promoting research in anesthesia as an integral part of academic anesthesia practice in Colombia. The Colombian Symposium on Research in Anesthesia (organized by the Colombian Society of Anesthesiology and the Society of Anesthesiology and Reanimation of Antioquia) formulated and published guidelines to promote this effort. Despite these efforts, pediatric anesthesia is still a subspecialty in which very little research is done. In this opinion article we discuss why and how to promote research in pediatric anesthesia in Colombia.

Promoting research in pediatric anesthesiology

Over the past two years there has been increased interest in promoting research in anesthesia as an integral part of academic anesthesia practice in Colombia. The Colombian Symposium on Research in Anesthesia (organized by the Colombian Society of Anesthesiology and the Society of Anesthesiology and Reanimation of Antioquia) formulated and published guidelines to promote this effort. Despite these efforts, pediatric anesthesia is still a subspecialty in which very little research is done. In this opinion article we discuss why and how to promote research in pediatric anesthesia in Colombia.

Conocimiento escolar y saberes campesinos. Encuentros y desencuentros en la escuela rural

El presente artículo propone realizar una reflexión teórica acerca de la relación existente entre conocimiento y saber, desde una perspectiva epistemológica que explica el origen de cada uno, planteando una articulación entre ambos en la escuela rural. Partiendo de algunas preguntas, analizamos los fundamentos que nos guían hacia la discusión sobre si la escuela es portadora de un universo ajeno al campesino, una especie de “urbanización” de lo rural a través de ella, teniendo en cuenta que ésta es un fenómeno urbano. Desde una postura descolonialista nos preguntamos por la posibilidad de refutar los supuestos epistemológicos, que localizan la producción de conocimiento solo dentro de la academia y dentro de los cánones y paradigmas establecidos por el cientificismo occidental. En este sentido, se propone que la práctica educativa sea repensada desde el contexto rural, que tenga en cuenta y dialogue con las formas de producción de conocimiento que se generan en ámbitos extra-académicos y extra-científicos, refiriéndonos a los saberes campesinos. Hablamos de un universo que contiene ideas sobre el mundo, una cosmovisión, maneras de entender la naturaleza y su relación con el hombre, el conocimiento, la educación y el aprendizaje en el contexto campesino, que ha sido objeto del olvido por parte de la sociedad colombiana durante décadas.

Preparar el post-conflicto en Colombia desde los programas de desarrollo y paz: retos y lecciones aprendidas para la cooperación internacional y las empresas

En este artículo se pretende señalar que un escenario de post conflicto en Colombia encierra profundos desafíos políticos, sociales y económicos. A la firma de un acuerdo político con la insurgencia se seguirán largos años de un complicado y exigente proceso de construcción de una paz sostenible y duradera. Este requiere la participación de amplios sectores de la sociedad colombiana y que los acuerdos "bajen" hasta las regiones y a las comunidades que padecieron décadas de violencia. En este contexto, el objetivo de este artículo es, en primer lugar, subrayar el potencial de los Programas de Desarrollo y Paz (PDP) en un escenario de post conflicto en Colombia, en cuanto modelos consolidados de construcción de paz desde la sociedad civil y las regiones; y, en segundo lugar, analizar cómo la cooperación internacional y las empresas podrán respaldar estas iniciativas en este nuevo entorno político nacional, teniendo en cuenta lecciones aprendidas de la experiencia de colaboración y alianza con los PDP.

The colombian society of cardiology and cardiovascular surgery in the medium and long term: The point of view of its current president

The colombian society of cardiology and cardiovascular surgery in the medium and long term: The point of view of its current president

La Iglesia católica y la formación del Estado-nación en América Latina en el siglo XIX. El caso colombiano

Resumen El artículo ofrece una mirada sobre el papel de la Iglesia católica en el proceso de formación del Estado-nación en la Colombia del siglo XIX, a través de tres períodos. Un primer período, entre 1810 y 1853, cuando se produjo la participación activa de los miembros de la Iglesia en los procesos de independencia (1810 y 1824) y cuando, dado el peso decisivo de la Iglesia en la formación de las mentalidades neogranadinas desde la Colonia y en la delimitación partidista, el Estado naciente la sometió al Patronato republicano entre 1824 y 1853. Un segundo período, con difíciles procesos de secularización durante los gobiernos liberales, partió de la separación de la Iglesia y el Estado en 1853 y culminó en 1885. Finalmente, un tercer período revela la recuperación del papel dominante de la Iglesia católica en la sociedad colombiana bajo la Regeneración conservadora, entre 1886 y 1902, en contravía de los procesos de secularización que se dieron en los demás países de América Latina.

Faire appel à une mémoire mhuysqa ?

Cet article examine les pratiques de mémoire dans les communautés mhuysqa contemporaines, et en particulier celles mises en place par la communauté indigène de Cota, dans le département de Cundinamarca en Colombie. Cette communauté tente de rompre avec l’image coloniale du peuple Muisca qui le considère comme une culture préhispanique. Dans la recherche d’une reconnaissance officielle en tant que minorité ethnique, elle crée de nouvelles formes d’organisation lui permettant de se rendre visible dans une société obsédée par l’« authenticité » indigène.

Colômbia: a memória em meio à guerra

How do we think about the past when the present is marked by war? How can we acknowledge memory when the past is not left behind? When violence is a continuous present? This is the challenge facing Colombian society today. The article analyzes the different expressions of memory in the context of violence in Colombia and proposes the hypothesis that victims of war develop tactical actions to express what their memories say, in the sense given by Michel de Certeau. This article is divided into three parts, an introduction to the context of the war in Colombia, a description of the debate about the 'historical memory' in Colombia in recent years and finally a look into the expressions of memory between victims of war.

ANÁLISIS DE ASPECTOS QUE INCREMENTAN EL RIESGO DE INUNDACIONES EN COLOMBIA

The main objective of this article is to analyze some aspects that fostered floods in Colombia in the period 2010/2011. The methodology followed was a review and synthesis of information on different approaches to flood management, in harmony with the ecosystemic vision and integrated management of water resources. The results indicate that the rainy season and La Nina phenomenon from April 2010 to December 2011 left 5,2 million people affected and 683 people dead. This has been the most critical event in history, because it doubled the accumulated losses from flooding in 30 years. Besides the above, it has been identified that the disaster was due to a combination of factors, among which are: changes in vegetation cover, deficiencies in the management of land and water resources, the weaknesses in the design and management of infrastructure, the population growth patterns, the institutional problems in the prevention and emergency care, lack of transparency and corruption, legislation that lacks enforcement methodologies, fiscal resources and mechanisms for monitoring and measuring the results, among others. One conclusion is the need to include new knowledge on climate, risk management and planning, but above all, it is recommended to address the management of floods with a different approach, migrating to more comprehensive processes and with a higer adaptation capacity from the Colombian society in the coming years through a more efficient flood risk management, in accordance with the modern concepts and in harmony with sustainable development processes.

OBSERVACIONES SOBRE HISTORIA DE LA REVOLUCIÓN DE COLOMBIA EN LA AMÉRICA MERIDIONAL DE JOSÉ MANUEL RESTREPO

El artículo se propone analizar la Historia de la Revolución de Colombia en la América meridional de José Manuel Restrepo como una obra fundacional, que permitió a la sociedad colombiana, por muchos años, ordenar su existencia en un momento político fundacional. Expone algunos de los mecanismos por medio de los cuales Restrepo y su obra establecen parámetros para operar dentro de ese sistema de comunicación intelectual que es la historiografía

Colombia, el paradigma de la transformación política de 1930 a 1946

This article focuses on the national political transformation in the so-called “liberal republic” from the perspectives of the emergent ideologies at the heart of the radical liberalism, as well as the moderate principles of the traditional liberalism. There is a historical reflection on the role of liberalism at the start of the protectionist policies in the Colombian society, how they were influenced by foreign policies and the development of this project within the model of national modernization.

El testimonio. Aportes a la construcción de la memoria histórica

Introduction and objectivesTestimony is a complex act that contributes significantly to the elaboration of mourning, both individually and on a collective level. This is the central idea that is discussed in the text, using as a basis, the results of research conducted as a pilot intervention in the year 2010 for Visible Victims Foundation, and was then replicated in four other regions. In 1998 the National Liberation Army attacked the pipeline OCENSA causing severe damage to the people of Machuca (Segovia, Antioquia). In 2010 the psychologist Ligia Rascovsky implemented an intervention strategy to support the construction of individual and collective memory among survivors of the attack, who, in addition to serious injuries, suffered physical and psychosocial after effects such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The results of this work are used to understand the relevance of the testimony in the psychosocial recovery processes, which is a major challenge for Colombian society today. MethodsThe type of study was psychosocial intervention in 43 adults of both sexes, Machuca residents who were affected by the bombing, and agreed to voluntarily participate in designed workshops. The workshops followed experiential type techniques (psychodrama, psycho-fantasies, etc.), in which the purpose was to identify the damage by developing testimonial memory of what happened. ResultsThe workshops express the emotions of grief, recognize the injustice of suffering, fight memory defense that justifies violence and raising awareness of human rights. It also facilitated the process of dignity, empowerment and security in personal and collective reconstruction. In expressing their memoirs thus, they could be free from fear and gain more confidence in themselves as individuals and as a social group, as seen in the formation of individual leadership. These results are the basis of the discussion presented. ConclusionsIn this context it has been found that the testimonial narrative is an instrument of personal and social healing, as demonstrated in the workshops held with the inhabitants of Machuca, and made with a thousand other people in other locations. The testimony is essential to recognize the dignity and thus reconstruct individual memory from the collective memory. This work provides sufficient testimonial evidence to propose lines of work in the interests of psychosocial policy in order to combine the search for truth and reconstruction of collective memory, along with to the care of victims, and reparation and social reconciliation in Colombia.

Voces en resistencia: relatos de mujeres en Colombia, la guerra que no existe

This article organizes its arguments, reflections, and concepts around the analysis of Colombia, la guerra que no existe, a documentary by director Llum Quiñonero. The film examines the armed conflict from different views of Colombian society and focuses on the testimonies of women who as victims and human right defenders resist this conflict from the other side of power. To approach this analysis, the article briefly contextualizes the social problem of internal forced displacement, and the particular situation of women within that reality, to conclude by presenting some considerations from the perspective of Women’s Film and Feminist Film Theory.