Collection Nursery Research Articles

Identification of pathogenic mycobiota of breeding samples of annual sunflower in the Black Sea Steppe of Ukraine

Purpose. Identification of pathogenic mycobiota of breeding samples of annual sunflower in the Black Sea Steppe of Ukraine and preliminary assessment of them as a source material for resistance to a complex of diseases for use in the breeding work.Methods. Material for the study were 23 sunflower hybrids resistant to IMI and SU-herbicides. The resistance of sunflower hybrids to pathogens was evaluated on a natural infectious background.Results. The results of field research of 23 sunflower hybrids, which were located in the collection nursery of the Breeding and Genetic Institute, National Center for Seed Science and Variety Research of NAAS (Odessa) are highlighted. The species composition of sunflower pathogens in the Black Sea Steppe of Ukraine has been established. During the research, leaf spot, phomosis, fomopsis, alternariosis, ascochitosis, septoria were diagnosed, and gray rot, powdery mildew, false powdery mildew (transfer), and rust were identified in adult plants in the flowering – anthodium filling phase. The development of tracheomycosis (verticillium wilt) was diagnosed. Bacterial wilt has also been reported. The most common in sunflower agrocenoses were representatives of the following mycoflora: Phoma helianthi Aleks, Verticillium dahliae Kleb. At the middle level, the saprophytic microflora of Ascohyta helianthi Abramow, Alternaria Nees, Septoria helianthi Ell et Keel occured. Erysiphe cihoracearum Dcf helian, Plasmopara helianthi Novot, Puccinia helianthi Schw, Phomopsis helianthi Munt.-Cwet were found in smaller quantities. Bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas and the basket form Botrytis cinerea Pers were diagnosed in some cases. It should be noted that the species composition of pathogens was different in different varieties of sunflower. In hybrids 'C-10/17', 'C-16/17', 'Sur 1/224', 'Sur 13/200', 'Ex 1008/01', 'Ex 8142/01' it was characterized by a slight damage of false powdery mildew. In hybrids 'C-7/17', 'C 10/17', 'C-12/17', 'Sur 13/243', 'Sur 13/219', 'Sur 13/224', 'PRO-229', 'Subaro', 'C-991', 'HC-2652', 'Ex 1981/01', 'Ex 1008/01', 'Ex8142/01', 'Ex5342/01', 'Ex 1085/01', 'Color' the development of verticillium wilt was observed. Phomosis was quite actively spread in hybrids 'C-7/17', 'C-10/17', 'C-12/17', 'C-16/17', 'C-23/17', 'Sur 13/206', 'Sur 13/243', 'Sur 13/219', 'Sur 13/224', 'Sur 13/200', 'PRO-229', 'С-991', 'НС-2652', 'PR 64 LE99', 'Arkansel', 'Ex 1981/01', 'Ex8142/01', 'Ex 5342/01', 'Color'. Powdery mildew was diagnosed in hybrids 'C-16/17', 'C-23/17', 'Sur 13/206', 'Sur 13/219'. Ascochitosis developed in hybrids 'C-7/17', 'C-23/17', 'Sur 13/206', 'Sur 13/243', 'Sur 13/219', 'PRO-229', 'Subaro' , 'C-991', 'PR 64 LE99', 'Arkansel 6', 'Ex 1981/01', 'Ex 1008/01'. Alternaria spread In hybrids 'C-7/17', 'C-23/17', 'Sur 13/206', 'Sur 13/243', 'Sur 13/219', 'PRO-229', 'Subaro' , 'C-991', 'PR 64 LE99', 'Arkansel 6', 'Ex 1981/01', 'Color'. Septoria was diagnosed in hybrids 'C-23/17', 'Sur 13/206', 'Sur 13/243', 'Sur 13/219', 'PRO-229', 'C-991', 'PR 64 LE99', 'Arkansel', 'Ex 1981/01', 'Color'. Fomopsis affected hybrids 'C-7/17', 'Sur 13/243', 'PRO-229', 'Subaro', 'PR 64 LE99', 'Arkansel', 'Ex 1981/01', 'Ex 1008/01', 'Color'. In individual cases, rust was diagnosed in hybrids 'PRO-229', 'PR64 LE99', 'Ex 1981/42' and bacterial wilt 'Sur 13/206', 'Sur 13/200'.Conclusions. According to the results of the analysis of the degree of damage of the studied selection samples of annual sunflower by pathogens of various diseases it is too early to draw conclusions about complex disease resistance, but for further breeding work in this direction it is possible to select such samples as 'C-10/17', 'C-12/17' , 'C-16/17', 'Sur 13/224', 'Sur 13/200', 'Hc-2652', 'Ex 8142/01', 'Ex 5342/01', 'Ex1085 / 01', which were not affected by rot, various leaf spots, rust, bacterial wilt. Vertical wilting and phomosis were detected in these samples. False powdery mildew was recorded in hybrids 'C-10/17', 'C-16/17', 'Sur 13/224', 'Sur 13/20'. In hybrid 'Ex 8142/01' gray rot and rust were diagnosed on the leaves and anthodium.

Research of the phytoestrogens content in soybean and chickpea flour

The object of the research is the Krasnokutsky 195 chickpea variety, the Almaz soybean variety, and the 2018 harvest from the Agrotek collection nursery (Kyiv, Ukraine). One of the most problematic places is the ambiguous attitude of many scientists regarding the qualitative and quantitative content of phytoestrogens in leguminous grains. During the study, the method of differential spectrophotometry is used. It is established that native soymean and chickpea grains are carriers of 36.8 and 22.3 % phytoestrogens. During germination, drying and grinding of legumes, the content of phytoestrogens decreases to 15.6 % in soybean flour and to 13.3 % in chickpea flour. The use of KI as a medium for germinating soybean grains, and NaHSeO3 as a medium for germinating chickpea grains, reduces the content of phytoestrogens by 2.7 and 1.6 %, respectively. It is determined that all experimental samples have an absorption peak at λ=400 nm, which corresponds to the content of isoflavonoids daidzein in them. Samples of flour from germinated soybean and chickpea grains in solutions of mineral salts have an absorption peak at λ=225 nm, which corresponds to the content of isoflavonoids in daidzin. It is established that the germination of legumes in solutions of mineral salts does not affect the content of biohanin and formononetin. In samples with chickpea flour sprouted in a NaHSeO3 solution, an increase in genistein content by 60 % relative to the control is observed. The carried out complex of studies allows to state that there is a need to study the effect of soybean and chickpea flour germinated in KI and NaHSeO3 solutions, respectively, on biological objects.The results obtained in the study are the scientific basis for the correction of the diets of people with endocrine disorders and require special dietary nutrition.

Володимир Симиренко про реформування садівничої науки та створення Всесоюзного дослідного інституту плодового та ягідного господарства у Києві

The paper is dedicated to the 90th anniversary of the foundation of the Institute of Horticulture of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine. The main stages of the development of the horticultural science in the former USSR, in-cluding Ukraine are presented as well as the role of Volodymyr Symyrenko in this process. His father, the famous pomologist L.P. Symyrenko as early as at the beginning of the industrial horticulture formation stressed that just the scientific support of this branch is the main guarantee of its success. He stated that a profitable industrial orchard, despite the huge investments, can’t be successful without well-studied fruit crops cultivars adapted to the certain area. Only specialized research institutions could manage this task. The first in Russian Empire pomological collection and pomological nursery were created by L.P.Symyrenko in 1887 in the family estate ‘Platoniv farmstead’ near Horodyshche (now Cherkasy region). Thus the countdown of the Ukrainian horticultural science and industrial fruit growing should be conducted from this time. The scientist was the author of a number of outstanding scientific works, in particular "Crimean industrial horticulture" (1912), and the paper ‘Pomology’ is even now hand book for millions of scientists and manufacturers of horticultural products not only in Ukraine but also far beyond its borders. Professor Volodymyr Lvovych Symyrenko became a worthy successor of hisoutstanding father's cause. At the beginning of 1921, with the consent of the People's Commissariat of Agriculture of Ukraine, he organized the Mliiv Station of Fruit and Vegetable Growing on the material, technical and scientific basis of his father's pomological nursery, which under V.Symyrenko leadership soon became a leading scientific establishment. Thanks to it in Melitopol at first a strong point emerged on the basis of which a full-value research station was established in the late 1920s. Research stations were created in other regions not without the participation of Mliiv scientists and personally professor V. Symyrenko too. The scientific program of the Crimean Research Station was also compiled by Volodymyr Symyrenko. It should be noted that the process of establishing research institutions, especially branch institutes, in the country was intensified after the organization of the All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences in 1929 and the appointment as its president of the world-famous scientist M. Vavilov. V. Symyrenko's principled position concerning the location of the future All-Union Research Institute of Horticulture and Small Fruit Growing and Program of reforming the horticultural science proposed by him found support in the Academy of Agricultural sciences and among many authoritative scientists and manufacturers. His scientific paper on the reform of the horticultural science, published in April-May 1930 in the leading journal ‘Visnyk sadivnytstva, vynogradarstva ta gorodnytstva’ received great publicity. As early as on July 14 of the same year the resolution was passed on the establishment of the All-Union Research Institute of Fruit and Small Fruit Farming in Kyiv and appoint of V. Symyrenko its Acting Director was adopted at the meeting of the Presidium of the All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The creation of a powerful research Institute of Horticulture and the transformation of Ukraine into the horticultural capital of the country was a cherished dream of Professor V. Symyrenko. And even during the destined rather short three-year period of his leadership in the Institute, he managed to do quite a lot. Though he was repressed, the horticultural science and horticulture as a whole developed not only in Ukraine but also in other republics, according to Symyrenko’s program. A network of zonal research stations were formed in a fairly short period. The institute postgraduate courses created by V. Symyrenko managed to prepare many the young scientists. Currently, the Institute of Horticulture of NAAS of Ukraine, as the main fruit growing scientific institution, the puts into effect coordination and scientific and methodological guidance of the basic and applied researches in horticulture and ornamental plant growing in Ukraine. The scientists of seven research stations work together with the institute on ful-filling the scientific tasks, and the production testing of the developments is carried out in 13 farms experimental.

РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ПРЕДВАРИТЕЛЬНОЙ ОЦЕНКИ РЕМОНТАНТНЫХ СОРТОВ МАЛИНЫ ДЛЯ ВЫРАЩИВАНИЯ В ПРИРОДНО-КЛИМАТИЧЕСКИХ УСЛОВИЯХ РЕСПУБЛИКИ КОМИ

The possibility of using remontant varieties adapted to the climate of the northern regions will allow solving the problem of overwintering raspberries, both in amateur and industrial plantings. Obtaining primary experimental data on the requirements for soil and climatic conditions, resistance to diseases and pests, growth characteristics and individual development in five remontant raspberry varieties is the first stage in the development of guidelines for the formation of remontant raspberry agrophytocenoses in the Komi Republic. The collection nursery of remontant forms of raspberries of the Institute of Agrobiotechnology of the Federal Research Center of the Komi Scientific Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences was founded in 2018 and is represented by 5 varieties: Ruby necklace; Firebird, Elegant, Orange miracle, Hercules (St.). The studies were carried out according to the provisions of the standard method of field experiment during the growing seasons of 2018-2019. Agrometeorological conditions in 2018 were favorable for raspberry plants, in contrast to 2019. The unfavorable balance of heat and humidity during the growing season of 2019 caused the end of the development of remontant raspberries at the stage of vegetative growth (Hercules variety) or the flowering phase (4 varieties). Variety Orange miracle in the conditions of the Komi Republic is more susceptible to the risks of developing mycoses and damage by shoot gall midge. In the standard variety Hercules, despite the good vegetative growth of shoots in both years, a massive transition of plants to the ripening of berries was not noted. According to the results of two years of research, the varieties Ruby Necklace and Elegant showed good results in the formation of a certain number of shoots, resistance to pests and diseases, and the general condition of plants at the end of flowering.

Taxonomic Diversity of Micromycete Complexes in the Root Zone of a Perennial Wild Species of Sunflower Helianthus Grosseserratus

The aim of our research was to determine the peculiarities of the formation of the taxonomic structure of micromycete complexes in the root zone of the perennial wild species of sunflower Helianthus grosseserratus when grown in the South of Ukraine. Soil samples taken from the root zone of two samples of perennial wild sunflower Helianthus grosseserratus 1630 and H. grosseserratus 1201, which were grown for more than 20 years in one place in the collection nursery of the Institute of Oilseed Crops of NAAS of Ukraine, were studied. Areas where plants are grown have not been treated with herbicides. Samples of fallow soil served as a control. Soil - chernozem ordinary low-humus leached. Soil samples for analysis were taken at the end of the growing season. To isolate microscopic fungi from the soil, the generally accepted method of serial dilutions was used, followed by sowing of the soil suspension on a dense nutrient medium Chapek-Dox. The method of sowing - deep, dilution of the suspension - 1: 1000. Duration of fungi cultivation - 7-14 days in a thermostat at a temperature of 28оС. The experiment was repeated five times. The complex of fungi-micromycetes in soil samples was determined using determinants and original works. The similarity of the species composition of the soil mycobiota of the fallow and the root zone of wild sunflower was determined by the Sorensen coefficient. Reliable indicators of similarity when comparing the species composition of two different associations were considered those in which the Sorensen coefficient was more than 50%.The analysis of the taxonomic structure of the studied mycocenoses revealed qualitative differences in the genus and species composition of micromycete fungi in the rhizosphere of wild sunflower species and fallow soil. In total, of the 29 species of micromycetes we isolated, 11 were found only in the soil of the fallow. According to our data, only 4 species (A. alliaceus, Paecilomyces lilacinus, F. oxysporum var. orthoceras, M. racemosus) were common species in the soil samples of fallow and root zone Helianthus grosseserratus 1630 and H. grosseserratus 1201. The species diversity of micromycetes of the root zone of H. grosseserratus 1201 was wider, and, accordingly, more similar to the soil of the fallow - 15 common species. Micromycetes that were typical for both fallow soil and sunflower are saprotrophs of A. niveus, P. canescens, P. crustosum, P. nigricans, P. thomii, as well as opportunistic species Verticillium album and V. lateritium. A comparative analysis of the lists of species composition of micromycete complexes revealed significant differences between the mycocenoses of the root zone of wild sunflower and fallow soil, as evidenced by the calculated Sorensen coefficients. The data indicated that the similarity of the species composition of the mycobiota H. grosseserratus 1201 with fallow was 66.7% (Cs = 0.67), and Helianthus grosseserratus 1630 - only 35.8% (Cs = 0, 35). The coefficient of similarity of the species composition of the mycobiota of the root zone of wild sunflower was 0.47, which is apparently due to the peculiarities of the composition of the root exudates of plants and their selection zones, which affect the formation of microbial complexes of the rhizosphere and edaphosphere.

Resistance of variety samples from collection nursery of winter bread wheat against Fusarium head blight and group of diseases

Purpose. To analyze variety samples from winter wheat collection nursery for resistance to Fusarium head blight and group of pathogens and to identify sources of resistance. Methods. The experiments were conducted at the Myronivka Institute of Wheat under conditions of artificial infection with pathogens in field infectious nurseries. Common techniques have been used to create artificial infectious backgrounds and to assess damage level of winter bread wheat plants with the pathogens. Results. During 2016-2019, were assessed 170 collection samples of winter wheat of different ecological and geographical origin were assessed among which effective sources of resistance against causal agents of the main diseases (Fusarium head blight, common bunt, root rot, powdery mildew, Septoria leaf blotch, brown rust) have been identified. Depending on weather conditions, the disease progress varied through the years with the most level in optimal 2018 and the least in drought 2017. On artificial infectious backgrounds of the pathogens among the samples assessed there were identified 13 ones being highly resistant against the causative agent of Fusarium head blight and two samples of them were immune (i.e. no damage) against common bunt during the years of the research. The damage of the collection samples with pathogen Fusarium graminearum was from 1.0 % to 3.2 %, whereas the susceptible variety Natula was damaged up to 18.0 %. The rest of these winter wheat samples were resistant to two, three, four, and five diseases in various combinations. The variety samples Ray, Rada, Warwik SRW were distinguished by their resistance to five diseases (Fusarium head blight, common bunt, root rot, powdery mildew, and brown rust); the variety samples Famulus, Zlatina 2, Catalus were resistant to four diseases (Fusarium head blight, common bunt, root rot, powdery mildew) as well as the variety sample ТХ9801170 / Doskonala was resistant to four diseases (Fusarium head blight, common bunt, root rot, brown rust). Resistance to three diseases was detected in the varieties Fermerka (Fusarium head blight, root rot, brown rust), MV-VERBUNKOS (Fusarium head blight, common bunt, root rot), and Dromos (Fusarium head blight, root rot, powdery mildew). Conclusions. The sources of group resistance to Fusarium head blight five major pathogens in various combinations have been identified and they are recommended for use in wheat breeding for immunity.

Relationship of morphometric parameters of spring barley with yield

The assessment results of 106 samples of spring barley from the collection of the N.I. Vavilov AllRussian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources are presented. The effect of morphometric parameters of their productivity elements on the yield formation and the degree of their correlation is shown. The studies were conducted in 2016–2018 in a collection nursery in the forest-steppe zone of Kemerovo region. During the years of research, the meteorological conditions of the growing season were characterized by an acute moisture defi cit in May and June in 2016 and 2017 (hydrothermal coeffi cient HTC from 0.37 to 0.50) and then by excessive moisture level in 2018 (in June HTC = 2.41, in July HTC = 1.92). A signifi cant excess of yield compared to the standard Biome variety was found in two samples of spring barley from the Czech Republic: Jubilant and Svit (80.33 g) and a sample from Kazakhstan Ilek 1 (103.3 g). Eight spring barley samples showed excess of yield from a unit area compared to the standard variety from 26.6% to 63.0%. As for the complex of valuable features, the following varieties were revealed: Svit (Czech Republic), Azov (Rostov Region), Ilek 1, Ilek 16 (Kazakhstan), Shukran (Krasnodar). The closest relationship was established between the yield of spring barley and the morphometric indicators of the elements of its productivity: the number of productive stems per unit area (r = 0.8728), the biomass of the root system (r = 0.3598), the mass of 1000 grains (r = 0.3273), spike productivity (r = 0.3820). Varieties with the highest degree of economically valuable traits, selected from hybrid populations of VIR, are advisable to use for the breeding process in the soil and climatic conditions of Kemerovo region.

ESTIMATION OF ECONOMIC AND BIOLOGICAL TRAITS OF ALFALFA COLLECTION SAMPLES IN THE ROSTOV REGION

To stimulate livestock production increase, it is necessary to improve the production of high-quality feed with high protein percentage. The purpose can be achieved by an increase of sown area for perennial leguminous herbs and, in particular, alfalfa. The varietal alfalfa composition is constantly being replenished with new, more productive and adapted varieties for different growing zones. The biological potential of this crop allows now conducting its successful breeding. Annually the FSBSI “Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” lays the alfalfa collection nurseries including breeding samples from different countries with certain useful traits. According to the study results alfalfa plant height ranged from 75.7 cm (“K-20367”) to 122.5 cm (“G-4”). On average, through the study, the samples formed a low yield of green mass. 19 samples had yields from 1.70 kg/m2 to 2.46 kg/m2 , which is significantly lower than the standard indicator (3.29 kg/m2 ). The samples “K-51698”, “G-1”, “K-50512”, “G-3”, “G-4” produced a significant excess of green mass productivity in comparison with the variety “Rostovskaya 90” (4.13–4.86 kg/m2 ). On average during the years of 2016–2018, foliage amount of the samples varied from 41% to 53%. The samples “K-50512”, “G-1”, “G-3”, “G-4” showed a significant excess of absolutely dry matter (ADM) productivity (from 1.42 kg/m2 to 1.65 kg/m2 ). Among the samples seed productivity varied in the range of 15.2–94.9 g/m2 . Only 3 samples (“K-50511”, “K-51201”, “G-2”) showed a significant excess in the studied traits compared to the standard variety “Rostovskaya 90” (63.3 g/m2 ), their seed productivity was 85.7 g/m2 , 86.8 g/m2 and 94.9 g/m2 , respectively. The protein percentage of absolutely dry matter according to the study ranged from 17.79% to 21.47%. The samples “K-43260” (20.95%), “K-50512” (21.34%), “K-31800” (21.47%) showed the largest indicators. In the current study there have been analyzed correlations between the studied traits.

CONJUGACY OF SORGHUM GREEN MASS PRODUCTIVITY WITH ORIGIN AND QUANTITATIVE TRAITS

Development of a new variety with the highest level of productivity is one of the important purposes of all farmers. It is known that varieties developed in definite soil and climatic conditions are most adapted specifically to these conditions. The change of the cultivation zone has a different effect on the intensity of individual traits, including productivity, which justifies their ecological study. Thus, productivity reflects all the biological characteristics of the samples and its relation to growing conditions. Therefore, the study of this trait in collection samples is an important stage in the development of new highly productive sorghum varieties and hybrids. The study was carried out at the FSBSI Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy” (Zernograd, Rostov Region) in 2016–2018. The object of the study was a collection nursery, which includes the varieties and lines developed at the FSBSI Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”, and other scientific institutions, as well as the samples sent by the FRC ARIGRR named after N. I. Vavilov. The total number is 335 samples. The sweet sorghum collection has been represented by the samples of various ecological and geographical origin. However, 48.1% (161 samples) have been represented by the samples from Russia. Green mass productivity of the collection samples varied from 980 to 5968 g/m2 . At the same time, 24.5% (82 pcs.) of the collection samples had yields within the standard 3200-5200 g/m2 . The collection samples ‘BB-442’, ‘K-533’, ‘K-668/1’, ‘K-1073’, ‘K-1437/2’, ‘K-1202/1’, ‘K-1802’, ‘K-1654/1’ (2.4% of all) significantly exceeded the standard (4200 g/m2 ). The samples from Palestine, Bulgaria and Brazil possessed the highest values of green mass productivity in the middle group (median). The samples from the Russian Federation had a group average of 2000 g/m2 , with a range of variation from 600 to 4300 g/m2 . Length of a growing season (r = 0.46 ± 0.00004), leaf length (r = 0.48 ± 0.00001), leaf width (r = 0.62 ± 0.0002), and a number of leaves (r = 0.42 ± 0.00001) have shown the largest effect on green mass productivity.

АНАЛИЗ ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИХ ИСТОЧНИКОВ ЦЕННЫХ ПРИЗНАКОВ СОРТОВ ОЗИМОЙ МЯГКОЙ ПШЕНИЦЫ В ЦЕЛЯХ СОЗДАНИЯ ИСХОДНОГО МАТЕРИАЛА

The creation of stable high-yielding varieties of winter wheat, resistant to environmental stress factors and having economic and valuable properties, is currently an important trend in breeding. In this regard, scientific work on the allocation of valuable sources of winter wheat varieties for breeding purposes was carried out in the conditions of ISA-branch of FGBNU FSC VIM in 2016-2018 in the collection nursery. As a standard, a zoned variety of winter wheat Angelina was used. The article presents the results of the study of 19 varieties of yield and its stability, winter hardiness, coarse grain, resistance to lodging and diseases. Selected valuable for a number of features varieties - sources for use in breeding programs to increase the values of individual parameters. On the basis of the conducted researches it was established that the highest resistance to stress, the stability index and the minimum value of the magnitude of the yield have variety Pleada and Mera. With the highest rates of PUSS stood out varieties Lutica - 160,2 %, Pleada - 153,2 %, Mera - 145.5 %. The earing phase of the samples selected by us in different years occurred 2-12 days earlier than that of the standard variety. Moreover, all the selected samples were characterized by high winter hardiness and resistance to lodging. The bulk of the selected varieties belonged to the group of stunted plants. The bulk of the varieties in the experiment formed a large grain of more than 40 g. The analysis of diseases of the selected varieties showed their resistance to fungal diseases.

ВЛИЯНИЕ БУРОЙ ЛИСТОВОЙ РЖАВЧИНЫ НА ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬ СЕМЯН ЛОМКОКОЛОСНИКА СИТНИКОВОГО НА ЮГЕ СРЕДНЕЙ СИБИРИ

In article to be given results of two years' studying of stability of a psathyrostachys juncea to brown sheet rust in collection nursery of initial material in the sukhostepny agroecological region of Khakassia. It is established that the most widespread disease of leaves and stalks of a psathyrostachys juncea is brown sheet rust, which considerably reduces its seed efficiency by 20-30%. High defeat is revealed by brown sheet rust of such numbers: K 21; K 23; K 24; K 25; K 26 which considerably reduced seed efficiency from 1.46 to 10.12 g, and sortoobrazets K1; K 2; K 3; K 9; K12 showed the greatest resistance to defeat, with high productivity from 12.49 g up to 44.47 g 66.6%, or 20 numbers, with high brown sheet rust resistance (defeat was absent) and 20%, or 6 numbers, with strong susceptibility to brown rust, are analysed.

THE ESTIMATION OF ADAPTABILITY PARAMETERS OF THE COLLECTION SAMPLES OF SAINFOIN

The estimation of the initial material is the most important part of the breeding process. There is a great necessity in additional objectivity of its characteristics, in identification of the parameters of environmental adaptability, stability, resistance to stressful environmental conditions. Within the collection nursery there have been studied adaptability parameters of 16 sainfoin samples (Onobrychis arenaria Kit. DC) of a sandy species. The purpose of research was to identify sainfoin forms with a complex of adaptive traits based on such characteristics as “green mass productivity” and “seed productivity” to use them in future breeding work. There have been used conventional techniques in the study. The estimation of the adaptability parameters was carried out according to Eberhart S.G., Russell W.G. (1966) presented by V.A. Zykina et al. (2005) and by V.Z. Pakudin (1984). The conducted dispersion analysis of the two-factor trial on the productivity of sainfoin samples showed the correlation between the genotype and the environment. The change in green mass and seed productivity was greatly influenced by the factor ‘year’ (‘environment’) (51% and 58%, respectively). The influence of the factor ‘variety’ (‘sample’) was less (40.7% and 35.5%), the correlation of these factors was also reliable, the interaction variance exceeded the error value and was 65% and 79%. The estimation of sainfoin samples for the presence of adaptive properties revealed that almost all the studied samples had at least one adaptive parameter. But, the sainfoin samples that have several or a set of calculated adaptive properties are obviously more valuable for the use in the breeding process. When cultivating for green mass and seeds, the samples ‘S 5/05’ and ‘GIA 4’ had a high level of resistance to stressful growing conditions (Umin-Umax), a high level of environmental adaptability (bi) and stability (Si2 ), and the samples ‘GIA 2’ and ‘GIA 11’ have these parameters only if they are cultivated for green mass. The variety ‘Severokavkazsky Dvuukosny’ is characterized with high resistance to stressful growing conditions (Umin-Umax) and genetic flexibility ((Umin + Umax) / 2), with a high level of ecological adaptability (bi) and homeostatism (HOM).

СЕЛЕКЦИЯ ВИДОВ КЛЕВЕРА НА ИММУНИТЕТ В УСЛОВИЯХ РСО-АЛАНИИ

In the intensification of fodder production, high-yield, highprotein and environmentally sustainable varieties of fodder crops are of fundamental importance. In this task, the main role is given to legumes, the priority among which is clover. Clover is one of the leading forage crops in many regions of Russia. In particular, in the North Caucasus in the field and meadow feed production clover is of great importance. On hayfields and mountain pastures, this crop is used as a high-protein component in the agro- and phytocenosis. The role of clover as a cheap source of protein for animals and an excellent precursor in the link to crop rotation is well known. Its agrotechnical significance is also great: thanks to nodule bacteria settling on the roots of clover, it is able to assimilate atmospheric nitrogen. Clover roots penetrate deep into the earth, loosen the soil layers, removing nutrients that are difficult to reach for other plants, enrich the soil with organic matter, improve its structure, physical qualities, fix the arable layer and protect it from water and wind erosion. The article reviews the results of clover samples evaluation in vivo development in order to create varieties of clover resistant to the most harmful diseases. According to S.A. Bekuzarova, for foothill areas characterized by complex environmental conditions, we need varieties resistant to diseases. Such varieties are currently lacking, since preference in breeding was given to potential productivity [1, 2]. In order to create varieties of clover resistant to the most harmful diseases, samples were evaluated in the natural conditions of mountain phytocenoses and in the nurseries of their breeding process for such diseases as ascochitis, anthracnose, brown spot, powdery mildew, and the selection of disease-resistant samples - on an artificial infectious background . In collection nurseries, perennial meadow clover and annual species of incarnate, Alexandria, shabdar were studied. In terms of resistance to the complex of diseases, samples have been identified that allow the development of a variety with high disease-resistant characteristics, using wild-growing forms of natural phytocenoses and introduced annual clover species as the starting material.

THE COLLECTION SAMPLES OF WATERMELON OF BIKOVSKAYA CUCURBITS STATION ARE THE INITIAL MATERIAL FOR THE SELECTION OF NEW VARIETIES

The object of research was samples and hybrid combinations of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) of domestic and foreign selection, as well as samples from the collection of VIR. The aim of the work was to study and identify the source material of watermelon for use in the breeding process to create new varieties and hybrids of melons with a complex of economic and valuable characteristics and resistance to biotic and abiotic environmental factors. The essence of the experiments was reduced to the evaluation of the source material on the main features that meet the requirements for the performance of the breeding task. As a result of researches samples of a watermelon which are sources of economically valuable signs were allocated. The selection was carried out according to the yield, length of the growing season, taste and technological qualities of the fruit. Among the samples of watermelon yield was allocated 6 samples with a yield of 19.5 to 24.3 t / ha (standard 14.5 t/ha). Samples with dry matter content from 11.2 to 14.0% (standard 11.0-12.6%) were selected by taste. The length of the vegetation period in the isolated samples ranged from 68 to 72 days (standard 73 days). On the technological qualities of fruit stood out 5 samples, selected samples with an original shape and different color of fruit, bright color of the flesh. Conducted with stand-out samples of crossing allowed to select the best hybrid combinations, characterized by valuable economic characteristics. Thus, as a result of the study and selection of samples of watermelon in the collection nursery formed a working genetic collection for further use in the breeding process in the nursery hybridization obtained hybrid combinations that have the necessary features to create new varieties.

COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF POTATO SPECIES IN THE PERM REGION CONDITIONS

Potatoes in all categories of farms in the Permskii Krai occupy 41.3 thousand hectares, in agricultural enterprises – 4.5 thousand hectares, with an average yield for 2014-2016 of 13.9 t / ha. The Permskii Krai there are all the prerequisites for obtaining high yields of potatoes. One of them is potato seed production. Variety, one of the important tasks of seed production, without it, with the ever-increasing need for new universal varieties that combine preservation of the original qualities for as long as possible, i.e. high stable productivity, early yield accumulation, good culinary and technical qualities (starchiness, good keeping quality, etc.) with resistance to the most harmful diseases, pests and adverse environmental conditions cannot be dispensed with. The purpose of research: the identification of promising varieties of potatoes, highly productive, in the Perm region. Investigations were carried out in 2011-2016 at the central experimental field of the Perm Agricultural Research Institute Branch of Perm Federal Research Center of Russian Academy of Science. In the collection nursery, 33 varieties of three groups of precocity were tested. A comparative assessment of potato varieties by yield and economic characteristics is presented. Promising potato varieties for cultivation under the conditions of the Perm Territory were identified in the group of early maturing: Albatross, Nandina, Latona, medium-early varieties: Irbit, 428- 05, Bravo, Miner, Amur. The varieties Crisper, Lukoshko, Bafana were the best in selected indicators in the mid-season group. Comparative assessment of potato varieties according to yield and economic characteristics is presented; studies were carried out at the Perm Agricultural Research Institute Branch of Perm Federal Research Center of Russian Academy of Science in the soil and climatic conditions of 2011-2016. Promising potato varieties for cultivation under the conditions of the Permskii Krai were identified in the group of early maturing: Albatross, Nandina, Latona, medium-early varieties: Irbit, 428-05, Bravo, Miner, Amur. The varieties Crisper, Lukoshko, Bafana were the best in selected indicators in the mid-season group.

GENETIC SOURCES OF RESISTANCE TO ROOT ROTS CYCORY FROM DIFFERENT ECOLOGICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL ORIGIN

The main type of root chicory diseases are root rot of root crops. In unfavorable years, they affect up to 40-50% of root crops, which are culled from the test weight and are not paid for when the crop is delivered to the processing enterprises. The most common lesions of the roots of chicory various pathogenic species of fungi: Phoma rostrupii Sacc., Botrytis cinerea (P.) Fr. J, Erwiria carotovora (Jones) Holt. Production is in dire need of new varieties of root chicory, resistant to root rot both during the growing season and during long-term storage. To develop transgenic varieties among the many varieties to allocate genetic sources of this feature below in further breeding work to fix him in generations. The article presents the data on the study of the defeat of root crops of root chicory varieties of different ecological and geographical origin of different types of root rot in the collection nursery (including the provocative background) for 2015-2017 in the NonChernozem zone of the Russian Federation in the Rostov region of the Yaroslavl oblast. The best resistance to root rot were varieties Luxor (Holland) and Harpachi (Hungary), the roots of which did not have signs of root rot, varieties Petrovsky (Russia), Wixor (Holland) and Sleszka (Czech Republic) were weakly affected (less than 2%). During the long winter storage, the best on this basis, proven varieties Harpachi (Hungary), Spicak (Czech Republic) and Luxor (the Netherlands), which had been preserved. These varieties can serve as a source of resistance to root rot and can be involved in the selection process as a donor of this feature.

ASPARAGUS (ASPARAGUS OFFICINALIS L.) – VEGETABLE CULTURE OF THE FUTURE

The historical reference of Asparagus officinalis (Asparagus officinalis L.), its species composition and practical use is given. Biological and agrotechnical features of culture, the most common diseases and pests are presented. Grades and methods of selection work. Sexual type of asparagus, perennial varieties and the ability of plants to vegetative propagation are important factors in asparagus breeding. The following methods are used in asparagus selection: hybridization; formation of male varieties via self-pollination of bisexual flowers found on male plants; utilization of the heterosis effect the formation of homozygous inbred-lines; production of tetraploid forms by exposure of colchicine to asparagus seedlings. Selection can be done either on individual plants or using multiple approach. Improvement of selection may be achieved using several parameters: plant yield, the mass of seedlings; plant height of the most developed shoot; the number of shoots. This allows to discard undesirable forms at early stages. Laboratory of green vegetables, spicy-flavoring and flower crops of the Federal Scientific Vegetable Center possesses the collection nursery of 7 samples of Asparagus officinalis: K-25, K-28, K-41, K-46, Mary Washington Bruswick, Paradise. The latter are used for Asparagus selection with the aim to retain economically valuable traits.

GENETIC SOURCES AND NEW SOURCE MATERIAL FOR BREEDING PUMPKINS IN THE LOWER VOLGA REGION

The results of the research work carried out during the period 2015-2017 are outlined. on the practical selection of pumpkin in the conditions of the Volgograd Transvolga. The results of studying the assortment of pumpkin varieties of domestic and foreign breeding in collection nurseries are presented. The most promising samples adapted to local soil and climatic conditions have high productivity (Sviteny, Chino, Marina di Chioggia, Silber Bell (USA), Kham (Laos), image (Spain), Local (Kazakhstan), Gribovskaya winter, Teshchenka , Zucchini Malchugan, and the quality of the fruit: (Chino, Chirimen nankin (Japan), Cachi JNTA (Argentina), Mantova Uyghur (Kazakhstan), Duchess, Vega F1, Sweetie, Pampushka, Green Warted Habbard (USA). A new hybrid material was obtained, an estimation of its productivity of consumer achestv, stability to bio- and abiotic factors. accessions selected promising superior standards major ecological and morphological and economically valuable traits. The characteristics of the best selected hybrid combinations are given in comparison with the standards. The most productive are hybrid combinations: Marina di Chioggia x Zorka, Zorka x Sweet banana, Silber Bell x Elegant, Sweet x Elegant, Local (Kirghizia) x Zorka, zucchini Mountain Anchor. The yield of these samples exceeds the standards by 13.3-92.2%. The quality of the fruit is distinguished by the hybrids: Marina di Chioggia x Zorka, Zorka x Marina di Chioggia, Pampushka x Elegant, Zorka x Sweet banana, Silber Bell x Elegant, Zaslavia x POOS6-07, Zorka x Oreshek, Altair x Elegant. The content of dry substances in the fruits of these samples is 2.0-8.8% higher than the standards.

EVALUATION OF A COLLECTION OF ONION ON THE GROUNDS OF A LEAF SOCKET AND BULB

In commodity farms, the technology of growing onions is sown by sowing seeds from a one-year crop. This, in turn, introduces new requirements for growing technology, technical means and, most importantly, for varieties and hybrids of onions. The average yield of onion in Russia is at a low level - 20-30 tons / ha. New varieties and hybrids must have precocity, high yield, resistance to diseases and pests, good crabness. The success of selection work, as is known, is largely determined by the source material. The priority is to create heterotic hybrids of onion, showing increased viability, high stable yield and leveling, general resistance to pathogens, increasing the content of vitamins, proteins, dry substances, increasing cold resistance, drought resistance, and keeping quality. In the department of selection and seed production of All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Vegetable Growing – a branch of FSBSI FSVC is breeding onions for growing in the annual culture of the Central strip of Russia. The study was conducted in 2017 with the setting of experiments in the open field. In the collection nursery 24 samples of onions of different geographical origin were investigated: Russia, the Netherlands, Italy and the USA. During the study, phenological, biometric measurements and a morphological description of the samples were carried out. As a result of the study of a set of economically valuable traits, the following samples of onion were identified and involved in the work: Ermak, Stuttgarter Riesen, Sturon, Forward, Crx 2381 F1, Santero F1, Sandra F1, Lamyca F1, Bennito F1, Premium F1.

Selection value of sources of valuable attributes of introduced soybean samples (Glycine max L.) for new varieties creation under irrigated conditions of the South of Ukraine

Purpose. To study introduced soybean samples and to find out genetic sources of main biological and economically valuable attributes for further use in the selection process. Methods. The laboratorial, field, statistical. Results. The study allowed to determine the samples, which are characterized by the set of valuable features. So, ‘Staroukrainka’, 014728 (RUS) is characterized by ultra-early ripening and high seed yields. The samples ‘B 44/22’, 02625; ‘B 4/411’, 02624 (KAZ) have got long stems and high seed yield. ‘А 14/253’, 02636 (KAZ) combines high rates of the stem length and lower pod location above the ground with resistance to drought and infestation. ‘А 14/23’, 02635 (KAZ) is characterized by high seed yield and drought resistance. The samples ‘А 16/145’, 02637; ‘А 16/145’, 02637 (KAZ) are resistant to drought and infestation. Five-year study of the introduced soybean samples allowed to highlight standard samples by the features: duration of the “seedling-ripening” period is very short (90–100 days) – ‘Aktai’, 0142258 (HUN), ‘А 9/562’, 02633 (KAZ); lower pod location above the ground (16,1–20,0 сm) – ‘А 16/145’, 02637; ‘А 14/253’, 02636 (KAZ); high seed yield (116–135%) – ‘B 46/6-1’, 02643 (KAZ); high 1000 seeds weight (191–250 g) – ‘B 19/622’, 02639 (KAZ); low 1000 seeds weight (71–130 g) – ‘B 19/622’, 02639 (KAZ). After comprehensive assessment in a collection nursery and competitive variety testing, best by the complex of practically valuable features varieties and lines have been planted to hybridization nursery and will be used for creation of new soybean varieties. Conclusions. The introduced samples by the complex of valuable attributes and standard samples are recommended for use in the selection process for creation of new soybean varieties on a genetic basis adapted to the irrigated conditions of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine.