СЕЛЕКЦИЯ ВИДОВ КЛЕВЕРА НА ИММУНИТЕТ В УСЛОВИЯХ РСО-АЛАНИИ

Abstract

In the intensification of fodder production, high-yield, highprotein and environmentally sustainable varieties of fodder crops are of fundamental importance. In this task, the main role is given to legumes, the priority among which is clover. Clover is one of the leading forage crops in many regions of Russia. In particular, in the North Caucasus in the field and meadow feed production clover is of great importance. On hayfields and mountain pastures, this crop is used as a high-protein component in the agro- and phytocenosis. The role of clover as a cheap source of protein for animals and an excellent precursor in the link to crop rotation is well known. Its agrotechnical significance is also great: thanks to nodule bacteria settling on the roots of clover, it is able to assimilate atmospheric nitrogen. Clover roots penetrate deep into the earth, loosen the soil layers, removing nutrients that are difficult to reach for other plants, enrich the soil with organic matter, improve its structure, physical qualities, fix the arable layer and protect it from water and wind erosion. The article reviews the results of clover samples evaluation in vivo development in order to create varieties of clover resistant to the most harmful diseases. According to S.A. Bekuzarova, for foothill areas characterized by complex environmental conditions, we need varieties resistant to diseases. Such varieties are currently lacking, since preference in breeding was given to potential productivity [1, 2]. In order to create varieties of clover resistant to the most harmful diseases, samples were evaluated in the natural conditions of mountain phytocenoses and in the nurseries of their breeding process for such diseases as ascochitis, anthracnose, brown spot, powdery mildew, and the selection of disease-resistant samples - on an artificial infectious background . In collection nurseries, perennial meadow clover and annual species of incarnate, Alexandria, shabdar were studied. In terms of resistance to the complex of diseases, samples have been identified that allow the development of a variety with high disease-resistant characteristics, using wild-growing forms of natural phytocenoses and introduced annual clover species as the starting material.