АНАЛИЗ ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИХ ИСТОЧНИКОВ ЦЕННЫХ ПРИЗНАКОВ СОРТОВ ОЗИМОЙ МЯГКОЙ ПШЕНИЦЫ В ЦЕЛЯХ СОЗДАНИЯ ИСХОДНОГО МАТЕРИАЛА

Abstract

The creation of stable high-yielding varieties of winter wheat, resistant to environmental stress factors and having economic and valuable properties, is currently an important trend in breeding. In this regard, scientific work on the allocation of valuable sources of winter wheat varieties for breeding purposes was carried out in the conditions of ISA-branch of FGBNU FSC VIM in 2016-2018 in the collection nursery. As a standard, a zoned variety of winter wheat Angelina was used. The article presents the results of the study of 19 varieties of yield and its stability, winter hardiness, coarse grain, resistance to lodging and diseases. Selected valuable for a number of features varieties - sources for use in breeding programs to increase the values of individual parameters. On the basis of the conducted researches it was established that the highest resistance to stress, the stability index and the minimum value of the magnitude of the yield have variety Pleada and Mera. With the highest rates of PUSS stood out varieties Lutica - 160,2 %, Pleada - 153,2 %, Mera - 145.5 %. The earing phase of the samples selected by us in different years occurred 2-12 days earlier than that of the standard variety. Moreover, all the selected samples were characterized by high winter hardiness and resistance to lodging. The bulk of the selected varieties belonged to the group of stunted plants. The bulk of the varieties in the experiment formed a large grain of more than 40 g. The analysis of diseases of the selected varieties showed their resistance to fungal diseases.