Collapse Of System Research Articles

Study on the effect of bubble number on the collapse of a multi-bubble system near the rigid wall

The mechanism of multi-bubble collapse is one of the key technologies that need to be overcome in the development of large submersibles, which is urgently needed to study and explore. The VOF method is used to study the collapse process of a multi-bubble system near the rigid wall. The bubble collapse process is analyzed under three different bubble numbers and four different initial bubble wall distances. The influence of the number of bubbles and initial bubble wall distance on the bubble collapse process is obtained, and the mechanism of multi-bubble collapsing near the rigid wall is revealed. The results indicate that in a multi-bubble system, as the number of bubbles increases, the duration of bubble collapse increases, the minimum bubble radius decreases, and the maximum central pressure increases. The closer the bubble is to the rigid wall, the longer the duration of bubble collapse, which also lead to fluctuations in the maximum center pressure and maximum interface velocity of a multi-bubble system. The results of this study are expected to provide a theoretical basis and technical support for the design and performance optimization of deep submersible mechanical seals.

The universal history to bring all universal histories to an end: the curious case of Volney

ABSTRACT The French writer, explorer, and historian Constantin-François de Volney (1757–1820) has been interpreted as embracing a Eurocentric Orientalism and a typically Enlightenment progressivist historical understanding. In this article, however, I argue that, far from simply offering yet another rationalistic or teleological historical narrative, Volney set out to refound the historical discipline by erecting historiography on a firmly empirical basis in order to repudiate the idea of historical design altogether. In this respect, his best-known work, The Ruins, or Meditations on the Revolutions of Empires (1791), seems to occupy a special status in his oeuvre in that it did not confine its analyses to the epistemological realm and historiographical practice, but explicitly linked historical narratives and practice to historical developments themselves, ascribing civilizational decline and devastation predominantly to ignorance and blind faith in religion or myths of the past. According to this reasoning, a new, more critical historical practice – akin to social anthropology – would, by making people conscious of their historical agency, liberate historical development itself and ideally bring an end to seemingly unending cycles of political tyranny and social destruction.

Dissolved organic matter distribution in the water column and sediment pore water in a highly anthropized coastal lagoon (Mar Menor, Spain): Characteristics, sources, and benthic fluxes

Coastal lagoons are among the most productive and biodiverse systems in the world and are important sentinels of climate change. The Mar Menor is one of the largest coastal lagoons in the Mediterranean, providing a variety of ecosystem services and resources to the community. However, in recent decades this lagoon has suffered drastic changes and degradation caused by human activities. We analyzed the concentration of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and the optical properties of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the water column and sediment pore water during the summer and winter of 2018 and during eighteen months from 2016 to 2018. Overall, we found that the composition of DOM is mainly related to and enhanced by anthropogenic activities and microbial metabolism. DOM enters the lagoon via urban and agricultural runoff, drainage systems, and wastewater treatment plants. Additionally, strong microbial metabolism in sediments leads to differences in DOM composition between water and sediments. In the water column, humic-like components accounted for 71 % of the total DOM, while protein-like compounds were most abundant in sediment pore water. We observed a strong seasonal variability associated with precipitation and the system collapse in 2016 (phytoplankton bloom), which resulted in the death of 80 % of macrophytes. The sediments act as a source of DOM to the overlying water, likely due to relatively high organic matter content and intense microbial activity, primarily through anaerobic pathways. Benthic fluxes of DOC ranged from 5.24 to 33.30 mmol m−2 d−1, being higher in winter than summer 2018 and decreasing from north to south, likely related to lower residence time in the northern basin, groundwater discharge and accumulation of organic matter from the dead meadows. We estimate a net flux of DOC from the Mar Menor toward the Mediterranean Sea of 1.57 × 107 mol yr−1.

Guillain-Barré Syndrome in Children: A Narrative Review

Among the most typical reason of sudden, acquired weakness is Guillain-Barré Syndrome characterized by symmetrical ascending paralysis which is frequently sparked by an earlier illness. “Acute Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy,” one of the prevailing kinds of Guillian-Barre Syndrome, is divided into four subtypes: acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy, Miller Fisher syndrome, acute motor sensory axonal neuropathy, and acute motor axonal neuropathy. Guillain-Barré syndrome can happen at any age, but it is frequently seen in persons over 40 years. More often, males are impacted. This syndrome lasts for 4 weeks, but if it is prolonged than that, it can be categorized as subacute, and if it lasts longer than 8 weeks, it can be classified as chronic. An antecedent infection is present in 70% of patients. The most frequent trigger for Guillain-Barré Syndrome is Campylobacter jejuni, along with the Cytomegalovirus, Zika virus, mycoplasma, hepatitis A and B, and human immunodeficiency virus. The antecedent infection generally occurs 1 to 3 weeks before. The pathogenesis of the disease solely based on the molecular mimicry. In some circumstances, collapse of respiratory system and autonomic dysfunction might make Guillain-Barré Syndrome more difficult to treat.

Socio-Economic Political Systems and the Sovereignty of Allah: An Analysis of Iqbal's Poem “Iblees Ki Majlis-e-Shura”

“Iblees Ki Majlis-e-Shura ” is a thought-provoking poem by Allama Iqbal that delves into the intersection between socio-economic-political systems and the sovereignty of Allah. Through an analysis of the poem, this paper explores Iqbal's perspective on the role of governance in promoting social justice and the importance of acknowledging the supremacy of Allah in shaping political systems. The poem presents a hypothetical scenario in which the devil, Iblees, convenes a council of advisors to discuss the best way to govern humanity. Iqbal uses this metaphor to critique the prevailing political systems of his time and argue for a system based on Islamic principles that prioritize justice and equality for all. Iqbal's poem highlights the need for leaders to be guided by a moral compass that reflects the values of Allah. He suggests that the pursuit of power and wealth at the expense of the poor and marginalized is antithetical to the sovereignty of Allah and will ultimately lead to societal collapse. Overall, this paper concludes that Iqbal's poem offers a compelling critique of contemporary socioeconomic political systems and provides a blueprint for a more just and equitable society based on the principles of Islamic governance.

Population dynamics in the Middle Ages in Central Europe: Reconstruction based on age-at-death distributions of skeletal samples

Demography plays an important role in domains related to socio-cultural complexity, subsistence strategies, and cultural ecology. Although the Middle Ages in Central Europe (ca. 500–1500 CE) was a period of major political, economic, and socio-cultural change arising from the establishment of the first principalities and the adoption of Christianity by the West Slavic tribes, our knowledge about its population dynamics is based only on archaeological studies and rare historical sources. This study is based on skeletal data. We predicted population growth and fertility levels using the proportion of non-adults in skeletal samples quantified with the D5+/D20+ ratio (the ratio of the number of skeletons older than 5 years to the number of skeletons of those older than 20 years). We adopted a new methodology that accounts for stochastic variation in small-sized skeletal samples. We computed the D5+/D20+ ratio in a large sample of 59 skeletal samples (12,805 individuals) from four chronological stages of the Middle Ages. Assuming that the D5+/D20+ ratio is a growth and fertility rate indicator, we predicted the growth and total fertility rates of the communities from which the skeletal samples were drawn and reconstructed their profiles over the chronological frame between 500 and 1500 CE. Our main result is that the growth and fertility rates increased during the politically and economically favourable period of the Great Moravian Empire (9th century CE) and then dropped significantly after the collapse of the whole system in the Post-Great Moravian Period (900–1200 CE). We estimate that the decline in fertility represented a decrease of 1.0–1.2 children per woman, on average. We hypothesize that the observed fertility change might be a response to deteriorated conditions, which decreased overall reproductive success.

A Survey of Internet Performance During COVID-19

Background Since the beginning of 2020, many societal systems have been used to extend the health care system, which were not planned for, and as such, there is concern for its collapse. Clearly, the collapse of the health care system, primarily hospitals, has been a key concern, and many initiatives, including lockdown and curfew, were taken to avoid such a collapse. The internet was the key platform used to enable people to work from home, provide remote teaching, conduct meetings on the web, etc. However, when it comes to data communication and processing, the risk of collapse is not the only risk, and maybe not even the biggest one. Many systems were not properly adapted for used in such a hurry, which did not allow time (and concern) for a proper risk and privacy assessment. Objective This paper presents internet performance statistics and analyzes how this knowledge can be used in future designs of internet-based telemedical solutions. Methods Statistics regarding traffic increases and security attacks on the internet during 2020 and 2021 were analyzed. Results The internet did not collapse during the COVID pandemic—as many people had predicted. However, the massive use of the internet, in new innovative ways, created a number of new opportunities for cybersecurity breach. Especially, the use videoconferences enabled made-in-middle attacks, phishing, and other classical breaches in new ways due to insufficient authentication and content encryption. Conclusions Even though a large amount of experience has been gathered with respect to scaling eHealth systems, a minimum amount of improvement with respect to privacy and security has been identified. Conflicts of Interest None declared.

SLC7A11 expression level dictates differential responses to oxidative stress in cancer cells

The cystine transporter solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11; also called xCT) protects cancer cells from oxidative stress and is overexpressed in many cancers. Here we report a surprising finding that, whereas moderate overexpression of SLC7A11 is beneficial for cancer cells treated with H2O2, a common oxidative stress inducer, its high overexpression dramatically increases H2O2-induced cell death. Mechanistically, high cystine uptake in cancer cells with high overexpression of SLC7A11 in combination with H2O2 treatment results in toxic buildup of intracellular cystine and other disulfide molecules, NADPH depletion, redox system collapse, and rapid cell death (likely disulfidptosis). We further show that high overexpression of SLC7A11 promotes tumor growth but suppresses tumor metastasis, likely because metastasizing cancer cells with high expression of SLC7A11 are particularly susceptible to oxidative stress. Our findings reveal that SLC7A11 expression level dictates cancer cells’ sensitivity to oxidative stress and suggests a context-dependent role for SLC7A11 in tumor biology.

Voltage Quality Analysis on Power Transmission Networks: A Case Study of 330kV Power Transmission Networks in Nigeria

The 330kV power transmission system in Nigeria is associated with numerous problems ranging from voltage instability, ageing network, long and weak transmission lines and insulators, absence of protection schemes on the distribution network, lack of spinning reserve to compensate for power shortages, obsolete substation equipment, and higher power losses which substantially affect the reliability of power supply in Nigeria. This study aimed at analysing this scenario and to propose stability improvement measures in the power Network. Voltage instability is a major factor responsible for several system collapse and blackout experienced in the country. This work used necessary data obtained from the National Control Centre (NCC) of Transmission Company of Nigeria (TCN) for load flow simulation with the help of MATLAB R2021a software. Newton-Raphson iterative technique was used to carry out the load flow analysis due to its ability to converge faster with less iteration than Gauss-seidel and fast decoupled iterative techniques. The simulation results revealed that buses 4 (Akangba), 5 (Jos), 7 (Ikeja-west), 10 (Alagbon), 19 (Damaturu), 23 (Sakette), 28 (Ajah), 33 (Oke-Aro), 34 (Ayede) and 42 (Lekki) violate the acceptable limits as its voltage magnitude falls below the standard limit of 0.95-1.05pu. It was also observed that buses 6 (Kaduna), 13 (Yola), 16 (Gombe), 22 (Kano) and 34 (Ayede) are close to the point of instability as their voltage magnitudes are between 0.95 and 0.96 pu. These buses need urgent compensation if stability improvement in the entire Nigerian transmission system is to be achieved.

TRACES OF AHI-ORDER VALUES IN NASREDDIN HODJA ANECDOTES

13-15. centuries; It was a period when political, social, and economic turmoil and social conflicts were seen intensely in Anatolia. During this period, when the power struggles continued violently, the people of Anatolia retreated into their shells in despair and began to gather around the Turkmen dervishes. At this time when literary and cultural life was impoverished under the influence of foreign cultures, it was seen that Sufi movements and oral literature tradition had increased. The people, who could not know Arabic and Persian sources or could not access a limited number of Turkish works, tried to meet the need to read and listen to the folk literature goods that continued in their language and oral tradition, and the Seljuk society, which experienced a state of social collapse with what they learned from this, embraced the anecdotes of Nasreddin Hodja, which represented an important sage type of the period as a moral hub. In his anecdotes, there are solutions to every aspect of society that is flawed/disrupted. Articles about Nasreddin Hodja’s anocdotes were selected among many text publications by considering certain criteria. Here, rather than one of both the anecdotes belong to Nasreddin Hodja or not, more emphasis is placed on whether thet are told in the tradition of Nasreddin Hodja. This article is aimed to address the basic values of the Ethic organization from selected anecdotes of the teacher. Keywords: Ahi-Order, Nasreddin Hodja, Nasreddin Hodja Anecdote, 13-15th Centuries, Oral Culture, Principles of Ahi-Order.

Liberia health system's journey to long-term recovery and resilience post-Ebola: a case study of an exemplary multi-year collaboration.

This article is part of the Research Topic 'Health Systems Recovery in the Context of COVID-19 and Protracted Conflict' Liberia is one of the three countries worst hit by the 2014-2016 West Africa Ebola Virus disease (EVD) outbreak, during which it recorded over 10,000 cases, including health workers. Estimates suggest that the non-EVD morbidity and mortality resulting from the collapse of the health system exceeded the direct impact of EVD. Lessons from the outbreak were clear, not only for Liberia but also for the regional and global communities: that building health system resilience through an integrated approach is an investment in population health and wellbeing, as well as economic security and national development. It is therefore no surprise that Liberia made recovery and resilience a national priority from the time the outbreak waned in 2015. The recovery agenda provided the platform for stakeholders to work toward the restoration of the pre-outbreak baseline of health system functions while aiming to build a higher level of resilience, informed by lessons from the Ebola crises. Based on the co-authors' experiences of on-the-ground country-support work, this study sought to provide an overview of the Liberia Health Service Resilience project (2018-2023) funded by KOICA, and propose a set of recommendations for national authorities and donors, derived from the authors' perceptions of best practices and key challenges associated with the project. We used both quantitative and qualitative approaches to generate the data represented in this study by reviewing published and unpublished technical and operational documents, and datasets derived through situational and needs assessments and routine monitoring and evaluation activities. This project has contributed to the implementation of the Liberia Investment Plan for Building a Resilient Health System and the successful response to the COVID-19 outbreak in Liberia. Although limited in scope, the Health Service Resilience project has demonstrated that health system resilience could be operationalized by applying a catchment and integrated approach and encouraging multi-sectoral collaboration, partnership, local ownership, and promoting the Primary Health Care approach. Principles applied in this pilot could guide the operationalization of health system resilience efforts in other resource-limited settings similar to Liberia and beyond.

The Mathematical Analysis and Review of Water Hammering in Check Valves in Offshore Industry

In a piping system, water hammer occurs when pressure rapidly varies. As a result of these conditions, undesirable and damaging outcomes can occur, such as noise, excessive wear and fatigue, and collapse of the piping system and valves. This paper provides a review and mathematically analysis of the water hammering in check valves. The purpose of this paper is to review and mathematically analyze water hammering in check valves. Various approaches to selecting the best check valve or to modifying the design of the check valve are discussed in this paper. In addition, various equations and mathematical models are presented to evaluate and analyze water hammering in piping and check valves. There are also case studies of water hammering analysis of swing and dual plate check valves. These case studies provide examples of how water hammering can be calculated and analyzed for swing and dual plate check valves in the oil and gas industry.

Kentli Tüketim Toplumu Eleştirisi Olarak Martin Crimp Tiyatrosu

Martin Crimp criticises the urban culture based on pleasure and temptation in real-life contexts. Crimp depicts moral ambiguity and corruption faced by society and individuals in dealing with the problems caused by the free-market economy and globalisation in a background of an urban consumer society. Martin Crimp criticises contemporary urban life, in which consumerism has become a way of life, in the context of the social and individual degeneration, decay, uncertainty, violence and insecurity he witnesses. In his plays, Crimp delineates the issues of loss of tradition and value, social collapse, loneliness, and self-repetitive life in a bleak reality with a desire for an alternative life. In this context, to frame the theoretical structure of this study, the British society and theatre, starting with The Margaret Thatcher era into the first decade of the 2000s, will be analysed in terms of economic, political, and cultural changes that affect and transform society and the individuals as reflected in the plays. This study will discuss Martin Crimp’s stage plays titled Dealing with Clair (1988), The Treatment (1993), and The City (2008) within a social, cultural, political, and economic context.

Women’s dress and success in the Icelandic banking system

In this study on the power of dress in the Icelandic banking sector, we build on Nentwich and colleagues’ (2015) theoretical framework of change agency. We show that the framework bears relevance to changes occurring after the collapse of the Icelandic banking system in 2008. Our aim is to examine the role of dress in the process of change. The data are derived from ten semi-structured interviews with female bank employees, a group that has historically been marginalized within the Icelandic banking sector. Our findings reveal that visible changes in dress have signalled changes in societal norms and attitudes during and after the economic crisis. The disruption has created a window of opportunity for female bank employees to alter dressing norms. This alteration has subsequently increased their agency and visibility, thereby facilitating their upward mobility, mirroring with clients and representing confidence and trustworthiness. We find that changes in dress occur when ideas in society change, and that windows of opportunity are necessary for marginalized groups to expand their agency. Once these windows are created, dress can underline and bolster their agency.

The Catalyst of Social Change: Women in Historical Market Dynamics

The market is the most imperative dynamic in the world history. Market dynamics play a major and vital role in both the growth and collapse of society. Every society survives with the characteristic of its market. Society is classified according to the characteristics of the market. The importance of the market in studying the rise, growth, crisis, and transformation of society has not been given adequate space in academia. However, it is difficult to understand the historical reason for the growth of society, transformation process, and change by neglecting the market dynamics, which is one of the crucial factors for the transformation of society. Thus, this article tries to illustrate the role of the market in the growth and transformation of society.

Determining the fundamental dynamics of global sustainability in the Anthropocene from a vulnerability perspective

This paper conducts a detailed quantitative study of the indicated long-term levels, nature and dynamics of sustainability at the global spatial scale over time, within the context of the vulnerability of the environment-human relationship and system. In this study, the Sustainability Dynamics Framework is applied to the results of the Notre Dame Global Adaptation Initiative index for the period 1995–2018. The study indicates that the obtained S-values at the global spatial scale throughout the specified period were consistent with very weak unsustainability occurring. Through statistical analysis, the study indicates that the triumvirate of influencing factors (Population, GDP, Greenhouse Gases) have a significant influence and impact individually and cumulatively upon obtained S-values. The study then determines the net change in obtained E, HNI and S-values, and consequently evaluates the dynamics of the rate of change of the Earth System ( dE/dt), as defined in the Anthropocene Equation theory. To support this, Fourier analysis of net change of S-values is applied for the first time within the SDF application methodology, using eight time periods of 16 years’ duration over the period 1996–2018. The analysis indicates continuous overlapping cycles of 7 years’ duration, consisting of a lag time of 3 years leading to an impact period of 4 years. The Fourier analysis potentially indicates clearly for the first-time humanity’s footprint signal upon the environment-human relationship and system in the Anthropocene. The study concludes that humanity’s actions and inactions have resulted in the indicated unsustainability and vulnerability of the environment-human relationship and system. As a consequence, there is a potential realistic risk of systemic collapse unless fundamental changes occur in respect to the global environment-human relationship.

Queer Futures for an Aging Planet

Abstract Associated with disaster metaphors such as floods, avalanches, tsunamis, and icebergs, older people have come to take the symbolic form of the environmental impacts they are imagined causing. Yet even as older people are posited as the cause and imaginatively take the shape of the disaster, they are also registered as especially vulnerable to the effects of rising temperatures and extreme weather. While the tendency toward blame and care are not logically incompatible, this tension has resulted in a cultural narrative that fuels a deep sense of unfairness across generations. This article reads the sterility dystopia—a subgenre of science fiction where a global inability to have children results in aging populations and societal collapse—as registering the anxiety that arises at the intersection of age and the environment. Taking The Children of Men as a case study, I suggest that P. D. James's novel expresses the demographic dread arising from the relative shift in younger and older populations—not of a world lacking children, as we might expect, but of one catastrophized by the overabundance of the old and aging. Pushing against the link between climate activism and generational futurity, I draw on queer theory to argue that intergenerational kinship in the present privileges the values of affiliation, contingency, and immediacy that can inspire a more sustainable future.

Anti-gender politics in Finland and Romania

This study examines the articulation of anti-gender politics in the parliamentary debates centred on two citizens’ initiatives in Finland and Romania. Although different in their endeavours (in Finland, supporting equal marriage rights; in Romania, attempting to legislate pre-emptively against them), these citizens’ initiatives resulted in significant defeats for the wider anti-gender campaigns in these countries. Examining closely the parliamentary debates ensuing these proposals, we evidence how anti-gender politics developed in ways specific to each examined polity and served as a key vehicle for different manners of retrogressive mobilisation, which bypassed left–right ideological cleavages and party loyalty. We scrutinise critically the discursive scenarios that coalesce in anti-gender politics in the two countries, and we map out both the commonalities and differences between the antithetic narrative scenarios, which hinge on the position of the child within a heteronormative nuclear family and the depiction of marriage equality as a harbinger of an impending societal collapse.

Verification of Seismic Response Modification Factors of Uncoupled Composite Plate Shear Walls/Concrete Filled

In this paper, the seismic design factors for uncoupled composite plate shear walls/concrete filled (C-PSW/CF), a.k.a. SpeedCore, are verified by conducting a study using FEMA methodology. These are the seismic response modification factor, R, the deflection amplification factor, Cd, and the overstrength factor, Ωo; and their values for C-PSW/CF are specified as 6.5, 5.5, and 2.5, respectively. A study was needed, as these factors for uncoupled C-PSW/CFs, included in ASCE 7 since as far back as its 2000 edition, were chosen solely based on the seismic performance of similar structural systems and engineering judgment of the committee members. For this study, four archetypes with planar walls and three archetypes with C-shaped C-PSW/CF walls were chosen. Two different damage measures (DM) were chosen for this study; namely, 3% and 5% maximum interstory drifts. Based on FEMA methodology, all archetypes satisfied the specified performance requirement considering a “good” rating for total system collapse uncertainty (βTOT).

Monetary Policy and Financial Stability: Lessons from the Global Financial Crisis

The Global Financial Crisis (GFC) of 2007-2008 was a watershed moment that reshaped the landscape of monetary policy and financial regulation worldwide. This research paper delves into the pivotal role of monetary policy in fostering financial stability, drawing lessons from the tumultuous events of the GFC. Through an extensive review of literature and empirical analysis, this paper examines the various monetary policy tools employed by central banks to mitigate systemic risks and promote stability in the aftermath of the crisis. The paper begins by elucidating the complex interplay between monetary policy, financial markets, and systemic risk, emphasizing the importance of maintaining a delicate balance between price stability and financial stability. It explores the conventional and unconventional measures adopted by central banks during the crisis, including interest rate adjustments, liquidity provision, and asset purchase programs, and assesses their effectiveness in stabilizing financial markets and averting systemic collapse. Furthermore, the paper evaluates the evolution of monetary policy frameworks in response to the lessons learned from the GFC, such as the adoption of macroprudential tools and the reassessment of inflation targeting regimes. It analyzes the challenges and trade-offs faced by policymakers in pursuing dual objectives of price and financial stability, highlighting the need for a holistic approach to monetary policy formulation. Moreover, this paper examines the implications of post-crisis monetary policy measures on financial markets, asset prices, and economic activity, addressing concerns regarding moral hazard, excessive risk-taking, and asset price bubbles. It also discusses the role of regulatory reforms in strengthening the resilience of the financial system and enhancing the effectiveness of monetary policy transmission mechanisms.