Guillain-Barré Syndrome in Children: A Narrative Review

Abstract

Among the most typical reason of sudden, acquired weakness is Guillain-Barré Syndrome characterized by symmetrical ascending paralysis which is frequently sparked by an earlier illness. “Acute Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy,” one of the prevailing kinds of Guillian-Barre Syndrome, is divided into four subtypes: acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy, Miller Fisher syndrome, acute motor sensory axonal neuropathy, and acute motor axonal neuropathy. Guillain-Barré syndrome can happen at any age, but it is frequently seen in persons over 40 years. More often, males are impacted. This syndrome lasts for 4 weeks, but if it is prolonged than that, it can be categorized as subacute, and if it lasts longer than 8 weeks, it can be classified as chronic. An antecedent infection is present in 70% of patients. The most frequent trigger for Guillain-Barré Syndrome is Campylobacter jejuni, along with the Cytomegalovirus, Zika virus, mycoplasma, hepatitis A and B, and human immunodeficiency virus. The antecedent infection generally occurs 1 to 3 weeks before. The pathogenesis of the disease solely based on the molecular mimicry. In some circumstances, collapse of respiratory system and autonomic dysfunction might make Guillain-Barré Syndrome more difficult to treat.