Collapse Of System Research Articles

MILITANT ACCELERATIONISM

On November 23, 2022, Mr. Matt Kriner, a Senior Research Scholar at Middlebury University's Center on Terrorism, Extremism, and Counterterrorism (CTEC) and Managing Director of the Accelerationism Research Consortium (ARC), presented on Militant Accelerationism. The key points discussed were militant accelerationism, its actors, and the strategies of accelerationist groups to pursue their goals of societal collapse. Received: 2022-12-05Revised: 2022-12-21

Lockdown and Economic Recovery Policies During Coronavirus Pandemic: A Comparison Between Selected Countries

Covid-19 has caused significant damages to the economy of countries. Although economic losses are not limited to growth slowdown, the index of these losses can be considered an economic growth decrease. In the statistics presented in this article, we will see how countries faced negative economic growth during different seasons of 2020. As governments experienced Covid-19 in their country, they faced two primary occurs uncertainty about declining economic activity and Concerns about the collapse of the healthcare system. Then, governments have been forced to control the rate of spread through restrictions and lockdown while implementing economic stimulus policies. Therefore, the question of the present study is which countries have acted more efficiently in the simultaneous implementation of quarantine policy and economic recovery? This paper uses four indicators in 105 countries during 2020: "Covid-19 economic stimulus Index" (CESI)," stringency Index" (SI) as a measure of lockdown, "economic growth rate", and "per capita mortality rate of Covid-19 ". Using DEAP software and with the DEA method, performance scores were calculated. We find that the research hypothesis cannot be rejected: the greater the scope of economic recovery or the smaller the Lockdown scale in a country, it does not necessarily lead to greater efficiency in reconstructing that economy. To know why more information is needed about the nature and function of the coronavirus. The conclusion of this paper that the return to pre-corona economic activity could not be due to efforts to control mortality and economic recovery suggests a path for future studies.

The quality of servitization in project-oriented organizations

PurposeThis study examines the criteria for evaluating the quality of servitization and the factors influencing the project–service system's success.Design/methodology/approachEvidence was collected through three rounds of Delphi consensus with 42 project managers.FindingsThe results indicate that the quality of servitization in project-oriented organizations is conceptualized as a cumulative construct driven by the product-service system's overall ability to offer more customer value. This value is defined by three interconnected dimensions: the service, the project and the integration system. The study also proposes a novel customer-oriented quality process with two connected levels comprising eight key factors influencing the quality of the project–service systems and nine key quality criteria that assist in evaluating the project–service systems.Practical implicationsOffering extra services is crucial for successful project-oriented organizations to deliver more customer value. The value of servitization is the combined value of products and services. The failure of one of these components to satisfy customers leads to the collapse of the whole system, which entails the need for a balanced-focus quality system toward projects and services.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the quality of servitization in project-oriented organizations, arguing that a balance between service orientation and project orientation is preferred to increase customer value and reduce the clash and ambiguity between project operations and service provision.

Climate and Energy Crises from the Perspective of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change: Trade-Offs between Systemic Transition and Societal Collapse?

AR6 IPCC reports give divergent messages about the different socio-economic transition approaches to deal with the current climate emergency. The dangers of not giving a clear message to policymakers and to society on the need of changing the current socio-economic paradigm are considerable: to fall in the SSP3-7.0 scenario, which is conducive to the collapse of our current civilization. In this work, key variables to assess the main functionalities of global socio-economy are analyzed under a system dynamics approach. This allows for understanding what the evolution is of our current socio-economy in a framework of climate change and resource depletion. The aim of this work is to provide a different perspective on socio-economic evolution by identifying similar characteristics in the worst-case IPCC scenarios with historical behavior in complex societies. From such a historical perspective and the current system evolution, a conceptual model is proposed to explain our globalized complex system near to a phase transition. Then, phase transition correspondences from the model to the current socio-economic system are proposed and a series of corresponding preventive measures (in terms of social actions, economic measures, and their linked policies) are suggested to avoid collapse scenarios.

A data-driven physics-informed stochastic framework for hurricane-induced risk estimation of transmission tower-line systems under a changing climate

Hurricanes are one of the most devastating natural hazards which result in significant damage to civil infrastructure. The transmission tower-line system is specifically highly vulnerable to hurricane effects. Recent studies have indicated that the collapse of the transmission tower-line system during hurricane events is mainly due to the joint occurrence of wind and rain. Therefore, it is important to assess the failure probabilities of these structures under wind and rain-induced loads. With climate change, those probabilities are expected to significantly change where the brunt of the damage and economic losses would be disproportionately borne by coastal communities. This study proposes a hybrid risk-responsive, data-driven and physics-informed framework which evaluates the hurricane-induced damage to transmission lines in vulnerable regions and communities under several climate scenarios. The framework is founded upon an advanced physics informed hurricane simulation model followed by a Gaussian kernel density technique to efficiently estimate the intensity measures and quantify the associated uncertainties accurately. The generated hazard intensities are coupled with fragility surfaces expressed in terms of wind speed and rain intensity. Then, the failure probabilities are obtained for the transmission tower-line system under the joint excitation and future climate scenario. The framework is applied to several coastal cities along the US east coast. It is shown that, due to the involved system nonlinearity, the obtained failure probabilities change drastically with the future climate scenario. In addition, rainfall-induced loads which significantly impact the failure probabilities of the transmission tower-line systems are not only function of the selected sites, but also depend on the considered limit state and climate scenario. Therefore, their consideration is important for the structural design and estimation of the system performance.

Type H vessel/platelet-derived growth factor receptor β+ perivascular cell disintegration is involved in vascular injury and bone loss in radiation-induced bone damage.

Collapse of the microvascular system is a prerequisite for radiation-induced bone loss. Since type H vessels, a specific bone vessel subtype surrounded by platelet-derived growth factor receptor β+ (PDGFRβ+ ) perivascular cells (PVCs),has been recently identified to couple angiogenesis and osteogenesis, we hypothesize that type H vessel injury initiates PDGFRβ+ PVC dysfunction, which contributes to the abnormal angiogenesis and osteogenesis after irradiation. In this study, we found that radiation led to the decrease of both type H endothelial cell (EC)and PDGFRβ+ PVC numbers. Remarkably, results from lineage tracing showed that PDGFRβ+ PVCs detached from microvesselsand converted the lineage commitment from osteoblasts to adipocytes, leading to vascular injury and bone loss after irradiation. These phenotype transitions above were further verified to beassociated with the decrease in hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α)/PDGF-BB/PDGFRβ signalling between type H ECs and PDGFRβ+ PVCs. Pharmacological blockade of HIF-1α/PDGF-BB/PDGFRβ signalling induced a phenotype similar to radiation-induced bone damage, while the rescue of this signalling significantly alleviated radiation-induced bone injury. Our findings show that thedecrease in HIF-1α/PDGF-BB/PDGFRβ signalling between type H ECs and PDGFRβ+ PVCs after irradiation affects the homeostasis of EC-PVC coupling and plays a part in vascular damage and bone loss, which has broad implications for effective translational therapies.

Can a Materialistic Philosophy Produce a Moral System? "Epicurean Model"

The main problem in this research was the answer to the question posed about the possibility of the existence of an ethical system based on a materialistic philosophy and not on an idealistic and metaphysical philosophy as was customary in establishing ethical systems. It has nothing to do with idealism or metaphysics. Rather, Democritus adopts the atomic materialist philosophy as its theoretical basis and does not depend on reason or divine laws as a criterion and judgment in moral issues, but rather nature, the sense of pleasure and the avoidance of pain as a spontaneous judgment of human and animal life alike. Herefore, this philosophy resorts to liberating man from the fear of death and the fear of the gods, so that this fear and anxiety do not spoil human life and deprive him of enjoying life itself. We have revealed in this research that the pleasure that the Epicureans are talking about is mainly the pleasure of the stomach, but it is not a reckless and exaggerated pleasure, but rather a pleasure that seeks simplicity and seeks to establish a calm life that is not disturbed by the pain resulting from the pursuit of more pleasures, the results of which are greater pain. The Greek philosopher Epicurus, who lived in the fourth century BC and a contemporary of both the Greek philosopher Aristotle and the philosopher Zeno, the founder of Stoicism that opposed his philosophical school, had established Epicureanism in Athens, Greece, to respond to the questions of the Greek public about the necessities of the historical stage and the decline of civilization after the death of AlexanderMacedonian in 324 BC.

Two cheers for collapse? On the uses and abuses of the societal collapse thesis for imagining Anthropocene futures

ABSTRACT There is nothing new about predictions that climate change will cause serious social problems in the twenty-first century. However, in recent years, some tendencies in the environmental movement have made an even stronger assertion: the climate-induced collapse of industrial society is highly likely and may have positive consequences. This claim, which I term the collapse thesis, is associated with the deep adaptation movement in Britain and the collapsology movement in France. In this article, I analyse the work of key theorists associated with these movements to outline the core tenets of the societal collapse thesis. Responding to the criticisms directed against the idea of societal collapse, I partially defend the thesis by reading it as a form of science fiction. Following Darko Suvin’s notion of cognitive estrangement, it is argued that collapse encourages us to pinpoint the unstable ecological preconditions of everyday life and posit a new utopian world.

No effects of fishery collapse on the genetic diversity of the Gulf of California Corvina, Cynoscion othonopterus (Perciformes: Sciaenidae)

Collapsed marine fisheries could provide valuable data on the relationship between fishery exploitation and collapse on effective population size (Ne) and genetic diversity. The Gulf Corvina is a large sciaenid fish endemic to the upper Gulf of California, supporting a large-scale artisanal fishery. Concerns about overexploitation, historical population collapse, and sudden recovery highlighted the need to evaluate its current genetic diversity and demographic history to design better conservation and fisheries management strategies for the species. We genotyped eleven microsatellite loci on 187 Gulf Corvinas from fishery landings to evaluate genetic diversity, estimate Ne, and infer demographic history. While we found evidence of a demographic decline, we found no evidence of a genetic bottleneck caused by the historic demographic collapse of the species. The Gulf Corvina exhibited moderate levels of genetic diversity and an Ne of around 2500 individuals. These numbers could be preventing significant genetic diversity loss and inbreeding depression. We suggest the conservation status of the Gulf Corvina to remain as Vulnerable, as well as a regular demographic and genetic monitoring to be implemented to achieve a sustainable use.

Inclusive leadership can improve nurses' psychological ownership and reduce their turnover intention under the normalization of COVID-19 prevention.

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to impact people's lives and professions worldwide. Chinese nurses face immense work pressure under the normalization of COVID-19 prevention and control, resulting in greater turnover intention. It is, therefore, crucial to study the mechanisms that influence the turnover intention of nurses in this situation. Many studies have examined the impact of leadership style on nurses' turnover intention; however, few researchers have investigated this influence during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on the leader-member exchange theory, this study empirically studied the effect of inclusive leadership on turnover intention of nurses under the normalization of COVID-19 prevention and control in China, while assessing the mediating role of psychological ownership. Cross-sectional study with multi-center data. Two thousand, two hundred ninety-nine registered nurses from 17 hospitals in China were recruited from January to March, 2022, under the normalization of COVID-19 prevention and control in China. A demographic questionnaire and scales of inclusive leadership, psychological ownership, and turnover intention integrated into an online survey were sent to registered nurses of different hospitals. Maximum likelihood structural equation modeling (ML-SEM) was used to analyze data. Independent variable inclusive leadership has a significant effect on the overall turnover intention of nurses, p < 0.001. The direct effect path coefficient from inclusive leadership to psychological ownership is significant, p < 0.001. The direct effect path coefficient from psychological ownership to turnover intention is significant, p < 0.001. The indirect effect path coefficient from inclusive leadership to turnover intention is significant, p < 0.001. Psychological anxiety, burnout, turnover intention, and even suicidal thoughts were the main symptoms of Chinese nurses under the normalization of COVID-19 prevention and control in China. The absence of a mechanism to counteract these negative conditions may ultimately lead to personal psychological distress for nurses and collapse of the healthcare system. Inclusive leadership can improve nurses' psychological ownership level and reduce their turnover intention by treating them fairly, providing them with opportunities for self-development, paying attention to communication with them, and increasing their sense of belonging, self-efficacy, and self-identity.

Metagenomics reveals the microbial community and functional metabolism variation in the partial nitritation-anammox process: From collapse to recovery

Mainstream partial nitritation-anammox (PNA) process easily suffers from performance instability and even reactor collapse in application. Thus, it is of great significance to unveil the characteristic of performance recovery, understand the intrinsic mechanism and then propose operational strategy. In this study, we combined long-term reactor operation, batch tests, and metagenomics to reveal the succession of microbial community and functional metabolism variation from system collapse to recovery. Proper aeration control (0.10-0.25 mg O2/L) was critical for performance recovery. It was also found that Candidatus Brocadia became the dominant flora and its abundance increased from 3.5% to 11.0%. Significant enhancements in carbon metabolism and phospholipid biosynthesis were observed during system recovery, and the genes abundance related to signal transduction was dramatically increased. The up-regulation of sdh and suc genes showed the processes of succinate dehydrogenation and succinyl-CoA synthesis might stimulate the production of amino acids and the synthesis of proteins, thereby possibly improving the activity and abundance of AnAOB, which was conducive to the performance recovery. Moreover, the increase in abundance of hzs and hdh genes suggested the enhancement of the anammox process. Changes in the abundance of key genes involved in nitrogen metabolism indicated that nitrogen removal pathway was more diverse after system recovery. The achievement of performance recovery was driven by anammox, nitrification and denitrification coupled with dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium. These results provide deeper insights into the recovery mechanism of PNA system and also provide a potential regulation strategy for the stable operation of the mainstream PNA process.

Explaining the model of preventing the collapse of the family system

Background and Aim: The family as an ancient institution has been the focus of many people since the distant past, and many thinkers and researchers have devoted a large part of their studies to the family. The collapse of this institution is a serious threat to the entire social system, and according to this, today, most of the macro-policies in the field of the family are aimed at protecting families from damage and collapse. Therefore, the purpose of the current research is to explain the family breakdown prevention model. Methods: The current research is a qualitative and quantitative research, which was first identified through interviews, and in the quantitative part of the research, quantitative modeling of the components was done to provide a model for the prevention of family breakdown. The statistical population of the research includes counselors, psychologists, university professors, counseling experts and some couples applying for divorce who were purposefully selected as the statistical population. Saturation theory was used to determine the sample size in the qualitative part of the research, and random sampling was used in the quantitative part, and finally 378 completed questionnaires were collected. The tools of this research for its qualitative part include researcher-made interviews and for the quantitative part it includes researcher-made questionnaires. SPSS and AMOS software were used for statistical analysis of quantitative research data. Results: The obtained findings indicate that all the components obtained from the interview (emphasis on continuous education, economic strengthening, legal support for a healthy life, skill training and skill enhancement, continuous moral reproduction, cultural immunity, healthy lifestyle, rational choice, strengthening internal bonds of members, mutual trust building, family orientation and effective intervention) are effective on the process of preventing family breakup, and the drawing model of the family breakup prevention model based on these findings has a good fit. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the drawing model of the current research can be used as a model to explain the prevention of the collapse of the family system.

ВІДГОМІН СЕЛЯНСЬКОЇ КАТАСТРОФИ: КОЛЕКТИВІЗАЦІЯ ТА ГОЛОДОМОР В ІСТОРИЧНІЙ ПАМ’ЯТІ ПРИАЗОВСЬКИХ БОЛГАР

The article explores the socio-economic transformations of the 1920s and 1930s in a Bulgarian village in the Northern Azov region, drawing on oral histories. It elucidates the mechanism behind the construction of the "collectivization" image in the historical memory of Ukrainian Bulgarians. The thesis posits the existence of a distinct corpus of oral narratives as an alternative historical and cultural model, contrasting with the official Soviet narrative of "modernization". The narrative portrays the disintegration of the peasant community and the instigation of an atmosphere of mistrust and fear, as recounted in personal stories. The study identifies historical memory narratives about violent collectivization as influential in shaping a complex of socially significant personal stories among Bulgarians in the Northern Azov region. Moreover, by integrating documentary evidence on collectivization and the Holodomor in southern Ukraine, the article highlights the informational potential of oral historical sources. Specifically, it reconstructs the primary stages of the Soviet authorities' defragmentation of peasant society through economic and non-economic pressures. The authors illustrate the process of forming and actively navigating the informational environment among the Bulgarian population in the Northern Azov region, depicting verbal images of collectivization functionaries/activists and the "silent mass" of victims of the economic system's collapse during the Holodomor. The article also delves into the phenomenon of emotional and cultural conflict within the historical memory structure, particularly concerning "Komsomol" functionaries. This investigation considers the respondents' narrative structuring and the establishment of cause-and-effect relationships. Conclusively, the authors assert that the transmission of past images to the younger generation occurred with corresponding emotional and value attitudes, particularly towards disarmament, collectivization, and the Holodomor. These attitudes were notably reinvigorated during the 1990s-2000s, influenced by socio-political and economic transformations.

The Leningrad Blockade through the Lens of Historical Sociology and Social History

Jeffrey Hass’ study of the 872-day blockade of Leningrad is groundbreaking interdisciplinary research, weaving together history, sociology, economics and behavioral psychology to explore how individual Leningraders survived the siege’s inhumane conditions and why society in the northern capital didn’t collapse. He examines how the blockade challenged notions of gender and class identity and at the same time reified them, reinforcing traditional patterns and behaviors. Hass focuses on the siege of Leningrad, which was probably the most sustained experience of urban hardship, suffering and starvation in World War II. He is aware that his findings may not necessarily apply to other contexts in World War II or beyond, and instead investigates larger questions about systemic collapse, such as what determines when communities, institutions or civilizations break down and the sources of resilience that allow society to survive extreme hardship. The disciplinary perspective of the book is historical sociology, which is an empirical study of society in the past. There has been tension between social history and historical sociology, with the former emphasizing the sociocultural context of separate and distinct events and actors, and the latter stressing more generalizable theory. Social historians focus on the distinctiveness of historical experience and phenomena, while historical sociologists investigate these topics in ways governed by their relevance to broader conceptual areas of scholarship. Historical sociology offers a deductive approach, identifying evidence capable of supporting or refuting theoretical propositions, while social history suggests an inductive methodology, attempting to make broader sense of disparate historical data. These differences have been discussed by well-known critics such as Eric Hobsbawm, who argued that historical sociology’s focus on generalizable patterns and behaviors rendered it mechanistic. Hass’s book, as a premier example of modern historical sociology, is careful enough to deflect many of these traditional criticisms of the field.

A Symphony of Voices: Wole Soyinka's Narrative on Pluralism and Radical Humanism

This abstract delves into the discourse of radical humanism and pluralistic perspectives as manifested in four significant plays by Wole Soyinka, the renowned Nigerian playwright and Nobel laureate. The selected plays for examination are "The Swamp Dwellers," "The Strong Breed," "Madmen and Specialists," and "A Dance of the Forests." Wole Soyinka's theatrical repertoire is characterized by its profound exploration of human agency, societal dynamics, and the clash of tradition and modernity. Through intricate plots, vibrant characters, and symbolic imagery, Soyinka navigates themes of power, oppression, spirituality, and the resilience of the human spirit. At the heart of his works lies a fervent commitment to radical humanism, advocating for individual autonomy, dignity, and social justice in the face of tyranny and societal decay. Furthermore, Soyinka's plays reflect a pluralistic worldview that celebrates the multiplicity of cultures, beliefs, and worldviews across Africa and beyond. He intricately weaves indigenous traditions, colonial legacies, and global influences into the fabric of his narratives, challenging monolithic narratives and embracing the complexities of cultural hybridity and interconnectivity. By closely examining the selected plays, this study aims to unravel how Soyinka employs dramatic techniques, linguistic innovation, and cultural symbolism to critique entrenched power structures, challenge hegemonic narratives, and amplify marginalized voices. Through the lens of radical humanism and pluralistic perspectives, Soyinka's plays offer profound insights into the human condition and the quest for meaning, freedom, and belonging in a rapidly changing world. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of Soyinka's literary legacy and its enduring relevance to contemporary discussions on identity, politics, and social transformation. By shedding light on the interplay of radical humanism and pluralistic perspectives in Soyinka's dramatic oeuvre, this study invites readers to engage critically with the complexities of human experience and the ongoing struggle for justice and equality.

Predicting Emotional Divorce Based on Self-Differentiation and Marital Expectations in Women

Objective: Divorce is one of the most significant family damages leading to individual, familial, and social collapse, with emotional divorce being a precursor to formal divorce. The current study aimed to predict emotional divorce based on self-differentiation and marital expectations in women. Materials and Methods: This study employed a correlational research method. The population included women who consulted counseling and psychological service centers in the cities of Nowshahr and Chalus. Using a convenience sampling method, 160 samples were selected and responded to the Gottman Emotional Divorce Scale (1995), Skowron and Friedlander Self-Differentiation Inventory (1998), and Omidvar et al.'s Marital Expectation Questionnaire (2009). Data were analyzed using regression analysis in SPSS 22. Findings: Results indicated that among the components of self-differentiation, "I-position" (β= -0.30; p &lt; 0.001) and among the components of marital expectations, expectations as a friend and supporter (β= -0.20 = β; p &lt; 0.001) were significant predictors of emotional divorce. Additionally, the "I-position" variable had the highest predictive power. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, attention to the role of differentiation and fusion in the spousal relationship, as well as marital expectations, can be crucial in identifying and treating couple issues and preventing emotional divorce.

Severe Situation of Human Impact on Climate Change, Impact on Infectious Diseases and Solutions

The activities of the human activities, especially since the industrial revolution caused the greenhouse effect and the severe climate change situation, leading to a variety of suffering such as natural disasters, the collapse of the food system and extinction, also infectious diseases and mental diseases and so on. These grim situation makes most countries reach a consensus of net zero discharge and limiting the temperature rise to 1.5° C. To cope with and adapt to climate change threat in the future, we should carry out cross-regional and multidisciplinary cooperation as much as possible, develop high-tech products for early warning of climate health risks, carry out a number of climate health monitoring projects, strengthen the monitoring and early warning capacity of climate change risks, and work together to maintain and promote a good climate for the earth and human health.

A Review of Enhancing Performance and Sustainability of RC Shear Walls

Reinforced Concrete Shear walls are vertical components within a structure that are specifically engineered to counteract horizontal forces, such as those generated by wind or seismic activity. Their primary purpose is to enhance the stability and resilience of the building by redirecting these lateral forces to the foundation. This redirection effectively minimizes the building’s lateral movement during events like earthquakes or strong winds. Nowadays, building owners highly value the ability to ensure maintenance without incurring additional costs even in the face of major earthquakes. To achieve this, it’s crucial to reduce damage and maintain the reparability of structural elements. Multiple shear walls often bear heavy gravitational loads and remain susceptible to brittle breakdown due to shearing forces during lateral seismic loading. This susceptibility substantially increases the risk of a complete collapse of the entire shear wall system. The aim of this research paper is to comprehensively study and analyze various research endeavors concerning retrofitting methods employed to enhance the seismic resistance of new or pre-existing reinforced concrete (RC) shear. This analysis will include real-world case studies of examined structures. Moreover, this paper highlights the future potential and provides recommendations for effective retrofitting practices.

РАЗВИТИЕ ЯПОНО-АМЕРИКАНСКОГО ВОЕННО-ПОЛИТИЧЕСКОГО АЛЬЯНСА В ПЕРИОД 1990–1996 ГОДОВ

The end of the Cold War and the subsequent collapse of the bipolar international political system forced all participants in international relations to begin the process of reforming the usual tools of foreign policy communication. The moderator of the new collective security conjuncture was the United Nations under the auspices of the United States. Japan, as an ally of the United States and a direct member of the UN, needed to adapt the principles of its foreign policy to effectively integrate into the new system of international relations. Military conflicts around the world have challenged not only the fledgling system of collective response, but also its participants. This article attempts to determine the impact of new security challenges on the transformation of Japan's foreign policy and interaction with the United States within the framework of the Japan-U.S. politicalmilitary alliance. It uses materials declassified by the U.S. National Security Archive.

On the duty to protect the people of Gaza: how the collapse of the hospital health care system has reinforced genocidal intent

On the duty to protect the people of Gaza: how the collapse of the hospital health care system has reinforced genocidal intent