Collaborative Exchange Research Articles

Enhancing heart disease detection and classification using fuzzy logic and metaheuristic algorithms in a blockchain assisted healthcare environment

Heart disease (HD) is a leading cause of mortality worldwide, emphasizing the need for accurate and efficient detection and classification methods. Recently, Blockchain (BC) provides seamless and secure sharing of heart disease data amongst healthcare providers, specialists, and researchers. This allows collaborative efforts, data exchange, and integration of diverse datasets, leading to a more comprehensive analysis and accurate detection of heart diseases. BC provides a decentralized and tamper-proof platform for storing sensitive patient data related to heart disease. This ensures the integrity and security of the data, reducing the risk of unauthorized access or data manipulation. Therefore, this study presents a new blockchain-assisted heart disease detection and classification model with feature selection with optimal fuzzy logic (BHDDC-FSOFL) technique. The presented BHDDC-FSOFL technique uses BC technology to store healthcare data securely. In addition, the disease detection module encompasses the design of biogeography teaching and learning-based optimization (BTLBO) algorithm for feature selection (FS) procedure. Moreover, an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) classifier can be exploited for HD detection and classification. Furthermore, the ebola search optimization (ESO) algorithm is used for the parameter tuning of the ANFIS classifier. The integration of ANFIS classifier enables the modeling of uncertainty and imprecision in HD data, while metaheuristic algorithms aid in optimizing the classification process. Additionally, the utilization of BC technology ensures secure and transparent storage and sharing of healthcare data. To demonstrate the enhanced HD classification results of the BHDDC-FSOFL technique, a detailed experimental analysis was made on the HD dataset. The extensive result analysis pointed out the improved performance of the BHDDC-FSOFL technique compared to recent approaches in terms of different measures. Therefore, the proposed model offers a reliable and privacy-enhancing solution for healthcare providers and patients in a BC-assisted healthcare environment.

Teaching Sustainability in Architecture through Collaborative Online International Learning

To confront global environmental challenges, architectural design can play an important role to achieve sustainability. This paper addresses the Online collaborative approach to support the integration of environmental sustainability. It will assess the efficacy of integrating collaborative online international learning exchange (COIL) and cross-cultural dialogue pedagogy into a sustainable architecture studio course to develop students’ architectural and intercultural competencies. In this study 16 groups, each group consists of 3-4 students, from An Najah university in Palestine and Memphis university in USA were involved in shared learning classroom model. Different methods were used to assess the students’ outcomes, such as reflection reports written by the students, the use of new technologies for design and communication, and the outcomes from the architectural design. The results show changes in the students' understanding of different cultures, they improved their communication skills, and their ability to design in different contexts. The findings also underline the importance of integrating COIL into architectural design education to create professionals who are able to design a resilient and sustainable built environment. The paper introduces intercultural dialogue framework and a new pedagogical technique in the field of virtual exchange.

AI in supply chain optimization: A comparative review of USA and African Trends

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in supply chain management has emerged as a critical driver of efficiency and competitiveness in global markets. This paper provides a comparative review of AI trends in supply chain optimization between the United States and African regions, shedding light on the unique challenges and opportunities faced by each. In the United States, AI adoption in supply chain optimization has been robust, with a focus on predictive analytics, machine learning, and advanced automation technologies. American companies leverage AI to enhance demand forecasting, optimize inventory management, and streamline logistics processes. The integration of AI-driven solutions has allowed U.S. businesses to achieve higher accuracy in demand predictions, reduce lead times, and minimize operational costs. Furthermore, the use of AI algorithms in route optimization has significantly improved delivery efficiency, leading to enhanced customer satisfaction. Contrastingly, African countries are experiencing a more gradual but steadily increasing adoption of AI in supply chain optimization. Limited access to advanced technology infrastructure, coupled with resource constraints, has posed challenges for African businesses. However, innovative approaches are being explored, such as the use of mobile technologies and cloud-based solutions to overcome infrastructure limitations. AI applications in African supply chains focus on improving visibility, minimizing waste, and ensuring timely delivery. The continent's diverse supply chain landscape, encompassing agriculture, mining, and manufacturing, presents a unique set of challenges that AI aims to address. Both the United States and African nations recognize the potential of AI to transform supply chain management. While the U.S. is at the forefront of AI implementation, Africa is forging ahead with tailored solutions that align with its specific context. Collaboration and knowledge exchange between these regions could pave the way for a globalized approach to AI in supply chain optimization. This review underscores the importance of understanding regional nuances in adopting AI technologies, fostering collaboration for mutual benefit, and advancing the global evolution of AI-driven supply chain management.

The Preservation and Literacy Transmission of the Mor Lam Khon Kaen Style by the Rattanasin Intathairat Group

This study focuses on the preservation and literacy transmission of the Mor Lam Khon Kaen style by the Rattanasin Intathairat Group and presents insightful findings in three knowledge-related aspects. In terms of knowledge definition, the Mor Lam Khon Kaen performance encompasses the preservation of its distinct identity, the collaborative exchange of knowledge among performers facilitated by Mrs. Chawala, the composer, and the meticulous memorization process of Klon Lam poems. Knowledge management within the performance involves the leadership of Mrs. Chawala, who guides the ensemble to ensure authentic Mor Lam Phuen style preservation over four evolving periods. This process entails systematic storage and retrieval through Klon Lam compilation, utilizing digital platforms for dissemination, and employing collaborative learning techniques. In the literacy transmission process, the Rattanasin Intathairat Group’s inclusive approach welcomes disciples, emphasizes Klon Lam memorization, and adapts the timeframe to individual progress. The study’s comprehensive insights shed light on the intricate interplay of preservation, literacy transfer, and community engagement within the Mor Lam tradition.

Analyzing the Challenges and Opportunities of Knowledge Management in Government Agencies in Egypt

Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyze the challenges and opportunities of knowledge management in government agencies in Egypt
 Methodology: This study adopted a desk methodology. A desk study research design is commonly known as secondary data collection. This is basically collecting data from existing resources preferably because of its low cost advantage as compared to a field research. Our current study looked into already published studies and reports as the data was easily accessed through online journals and libraries.
 Findings: Knowledge Management (KM) practices have a positive impact on the performance of African Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) by enhancing innovation, improving decision-making, and increasing customer satisfaction. However, challenges related to knowledge transfer and limited resources can hinder the full realization of KM benefits in these organizations. Cultivating a strong learning culture is crucial for continuous improvement. KM strategies must be adapted to the local context and cultural nuances of African countries to maximize their effectiveness.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Institutional theory, resource-based view (RBV) theory & diffusion of innovations theory may be used to anchor future studies on analyze the challenges and opportunities of knowledge management in government agencies in Egypt. Government agencies should prioritize investments in technology infrastructure to enable efficient knowledge sharing and management. Policymakers should explore opportunities for international collaboration and knowledge exchange among government agencies from different regions.

Secondary school teachers' beliefs and needs about hikikomori and social withdrawn students

PurposeHikikomori is a multidimensional condition, characterized by voluntarily social withdrawal, impacting the relational dimension of life. The current study aims to examine secondary school teachers' beliefs, knowledge and needs on hikikomori and students' social withdrawal.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative method consisting of a semi-structured interview is adopted with 22 Italian secondary school teachers. The interview questions are focused on the beliefs, the profile, the conditions and the role of the school for adolescents socially retired.FindingsData are analysed using content analysis based on the grounded theory framework. Forty-nine codes emerged from the inductive analysis, which were sorted into the following categories: (1) Characteristics of hikikomori and social withdrawal; (2) Origin, causes and consequences; (3) Sources of information; (4) Socio-relational modalities; (5) Teachers' needs and role of the school. Teachers are aware of the educational issues and risks related to hikikomori and claim for more institutional support. Teachers reconsider the way of working in class for preventing the risk of self-isolation, supporting the development of social and emotional skills, and encouraging collaboration and positive exchanges among students. Participants mention a personalized student-centred method where families and external agencies support the school system.Originality/valueAlthough several clinical and psychological interventions have been developed for treating the hikikomori’s self-isolation and concomitant mental disorders, few plans have been implemented for reducing the risk of adolescents' social withdrawal. Preventing hikikomori is crucial as well as to investigate the role and the needs of school teachers, and the current study has tried to explore these.

Core values of employed general practitioners in Germany – a qualitative study

Background“Core values” help to guide practice of health care delivery. The core values of general practice are described in the European definition of general practice by WONCA, e.g. a holistic, comprehensive and continuous care. They may be associated with the idea that the general practitioner is the owner of the practice rather than an employee.ObjectivesThe objective was to examine the core values of employed GPs in their professional setting and their practical manifestation.MethodsFrom April to May 2021, we conducted 17 semi-structured telephone-interviews with employed GPs in two districts in Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany. The data were analysed using qualitative content analysis.ResultsWe identified twelve core values, including values relevant to patient care and values relevant to the lives of employed GPs. Values with high relevance were job satisfaction, the professional distance from patients, collaboration and collegial exchange, comprehensive care, adequate consultation time and availability to patients. Values with heterogeneous relevance were continuity of care, waiting times and medical autonomy. The value “availability” of employed GPs to patients was associated with both patient care and personal life. The limited availability of employed GPs was accompanied by tensions between these two trends and other values.ConclusionThe values of employed GPs are partly consistent with the current WONCA definition of general practice. There were also indications of new values. The increase in the proportion of employed GPs implies a need to reflect on the core values of general practice, taking into account factors on the part of employed GPs, patients, and practice organisation.

ПРИНЦИПИ РОЗВИТКУ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНОГО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ЛОГІСТИЧНИХ ПРОЦЕСІВ У ТОРГІВЛІ

he development of information support for logistical processes in trade encompasses various aspects aimed at optimizing and improving their efficiency. However, issues such as system instability or obsolescence, software deficiencies, and limited compatibility among them can complicate the implementation of new technologies. The increasing volume of digital information requires security measures to preserve data confidentiality and integrity. Based on a thorough analysis of the key principles of developing information support for logistical processes in trade, it has been demonstrated that the integration of technologies, digital transformation, openness, standardization, analytics, forecasting, flexibility, scalability, security provision, mobility, as well as collaboration and data exchange are crucial principles for successful supply chain management. These principles are interrelated and complementary creating a solid foundation for enhancing efficiency, optimizing costs, and improving customer satisfaction. It is argued that implementing these principles enables companies to quickly adapt to changes in market conditions, effectively respond to challenges in the modern business environment, and ensure a high level of competitiveness. This is made possible by optimizing logistical processes, reducing order processing time, improving demand forecasting accuracy, and ensuring supply continuity. It is argued that the successful implementation of these principles requires companies not only to adopt advanced technologies but also to be prepared for cultural changes, including openness to innovation, willingness to collaborate, and data exchange among all participants in the logistics chain. Through this, companies can create an efficient, flexible, and secure logistics system capable of meeting the needs of the modern market and ensuring high customer satisfaction. The development of information support for logistical processes in trade, based on the principles of technology integration, digital transformation, flexibility, and other key aspects, forms the basis for increasing efficiency, reducing costs, and improving service. Collaboration and data exchange provide companies with the ability to quickly adapt to market changes, optimize supply chains, and ensure competitiveness. The use of modern technologies and approaches, including mobility and data security provision, plays a crucial role in creating an effective and reliable logistics system.

Study of modern solutions for improving land preparation works on agricultural land in Uzbekistan

The article critically evaluates the impact of recent reforms on agricultural lands and proposes contemporary solutions to enhance their efficient utilization. By analyzing the outcomes of these reforms, it identifies the practical challenges faced in land organization and management. The study underscores key issues, such as land fragmentation, soil degradation, and inefficient water usage, which impede optimal productivity. Through a comprehensive examination of current practices and innovative approaches, the article puts forth strategies for addressing these problems. These strategies encompass adopting advanced agricultural technologies, improved land management techniques, and sustainable farming practices. The proposed solutions aim to bolster land productivity, promote environmental sustainability, and ensure the long-term viability of agriculture. The article emphasizes the need for a coordinated effort among policymakers, farmers, and stakeholders to implement these solutions effectively. By fostering collaboration and knowledge exchange, the agricultural sector can surmount existing challenges and achieve a more sustainable and productive future. This research offers valuable insights into the ongoing discourse on agricultural land reforms and provides practical recommendations for their successful implementation.

Understanding Collaborative Design Practice Through Self-Study

Designing online teacher professional development (oTPD) grounded in participatory practices is complex. An intense interdisciplinary collaboration of teacher educators, online learning experts, and instructional designers is needed. Achieving shared understanding is essential for successful collaboration, yet varied perspectives of interdisciplinary experts can cause tensions. Under the right conditions, conflict can be positive and productive. This study of collaborative design practice examined the process of aligning technology and pedagogy when designing participatory oTPD using the self-study methodology. Data analysis revealed relevant interrelationships and uncovered a consistent pattern related to purposeful use of technology. While self-study was an effective inquiry method and provided valuable insights into our practice, it also fostered an environment of trust and collaborative knowledge exchange necessary for successful joint problem solving, cognitive synchronization, and innovation in interdisciplinary design teams.

Building Strong International VET Networks

International Vocational Education and Training networks - VET - are essential platforms for global collaboration, addressing complex societal challenges and promoting sustainable development. This paper focuses on their role of the German Chambers of Industry and Commerce (referred to as AHKs in German, short for “Auslandshandelskammern”) within the Y-Mas project, which aims to tackle these challenges through education and training. Key to the effectiveness of international VET networks are diverse organizations and institutions working together towards shared goals. The Association of AHKs is a crucial player in this regard. Based in Germany, the AHKs bridge the gap between German companies and their foreign counterparts, promoting and supporting the establishment of VET networks. Their comprehensive services, including market research, trade promotion, and networking opportunities, facilitate collaboration and knowledge exchange. This paper adopts a research methodology comprising a literature review on international VET networks and qualitative case studies involving four German organizations operating in Latin America. The findings highlight the important contributions of these networks in fostering cross-cultural dialogue, facilitating partnerships, and disseminating innovative practices. International VET networks are instrumental in promoting global cooperation and addressing diverse challenges in vocational education and training. By leveraging the expertise and resources of various stakeholders, these networks enhance the quality and relevance of vocational education, benefiting individuals, businesses, and societies.

Grant writing

Grant writing is the process of responding to an application for a financial grant from institutions such as research organisations, government agencies, corporations, foundations, trusts, and international funding organisations. The skills required to write successful grants are referred to as grantsmanship. Over the past few decades, the process of applying for grants has become increasingly complex and highly competitive. Therefore, the grant proposals must be based on innovative ideas, capable of advancing the current status of knowledge, compelling, and well-written. Types of Research Grants Collaborative research grants are usually interdisciplinary, multicentre, and multicountry. These are led by senior researchers with a team of co-investigators including post–doctoral fellows, and postgraduate students. Fellowships are individual research grants that provide the fellow who obtains the grant the time to focus on the research project for a stipulated time. Targeted grants are for early-career, mid-career, or senior researchers. The grant announcement for these indicates the category of researchers who are eligible to apply. Networking grants are aimed at developing teams and establishing teams of academic and research collaborators for a particular research topic. These grants provide funding for researchers to engage in discussions regarding potential research ideas. Small grants fund small research projects or preliminary research that provide initial data for larger research projects in the future. Travel grants are usually for professional development and are provided by disciplinary specialist organisations. The researcher is supported to travel to institutions that have resources or opportunities that are not available at their home institution. Knowledge transfer grants or industrial partnerships are grants aimed at promoting collaboration and knowledge exchange between academic and non-academic collaborators. The funds can also be used for proof of concept, pilots, and getting new products to the market. Conference grants are used to disseminate research findings or host research conferences. Grant proposals The proposals should conform to the guidelines indicated in the funding opportunity announcement. Funders have guidelines regarding the sections of the proposals, font type, and font sizes to be used, sections of the proposal, page limits for each section, and the overall proposal. Project narrative This section provides the most comprehensive description of the proposed project. The main areas are the background and literature review that identify research gaps. It contains the research problem and questions/aims and objectives and documents the proposed research methods. Other areas addressed are the project management and delivery plan, which may require work packages. The budget and budget justification are also addressed in this section. Other documents required are: The curriculum vitae of the investigators detailing their previous research and how it relates to the current application. Well-written letters of support from collaborators and collaborating institutions that address the roles and responsibilities of team members are essential. This is particularly important for collaborative research that involves various partners from other universities, non-academic organisations, and industry. These partners should provide signed letters of support that indicate the specific contribution of the collaborator and commitment research project, and the contribution in cash or in-kind.

THE EFFECTS OF ALTRUISTIC LEADERSHIP ON PHYSICIAN-NURSE COLLABORATION AND LEADER-MEMBER EXCHANGE IN HEALTHCARE ORGANIZATIONS

Bu çalışmanın amacı; hekim ve hemşirelerin alturistik liderlik algıları, hekim hemşire iş birliğine eğilimleri ve lider üye etkileşimi düzeylerinin belirlenmesi; hekim ve hemşirelerin alturistik liderlik algılarının hekim hemşire iş birliğine olan eğilimleri ve lider üye etkileşimi düzeyleri üzerinde etkisinin olup olmadığının tespit edilmesidir. Bu kapsamda Ankara’da faaliyet gösteren bir vakıf üniversitesine bağlı eğitim araştırma hastanesinde görev yapmakta olan toplam 192 hekim ve hemşireden elde edilen veriler değerlendirilmiştir. Analizler sonucunda katılımcıların alturistik liderlik algıları ve lider üye etkileşimi düzeyleri orta seviyenin üzerinde; hekim hemşire iş birliğine yatkınlıkları ise yüksek düzeyde bulunmuştur. Yürütülen regresyon analizlerinden elde edilen bulgulara göre ise alturistik liderlik alt boyutlarının hekim hemşire iş birliği ve alt boyutları ile lider üye etkileşimi ve alt boyutları üzerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ve pozitif yönde etkilere sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Araştırma bulgularından elde edilen sonuçlar doğrultusunda hekim hemşire iş birliği ve lider üye etkileşimi düzeylerini artırma amacında olan sağlık yöneticilerine alturistik liderlik davranışları sergilemeleri önerilmektedir.

Novel Therapies Take Center Stage- IKCS NA 2023 Highlights

The International Kidney Cancer Symposium (IKCS) in 2023 emerged as a pivotal event, uniting top experts in kidney cancer. Showcasing groundbreaking research, the symposium provided practical insights into the latest developments in diagnosis and treatment. With a strong focus on patient-centered care, IKCS 2023 served as a crucial platform for staying updated on the evolving landscape of kidney cancer research, fostering collaboration and knowledge exchange among professionals.

Funding The Student Creativity Programs (PKM) In The Triple Helix For The Independence Of The Defense Industry

The urgency of funding student creativity programs within the Triple Helix framework to encourage the independence of the defense industry is a step forward in making economic progress, especially the defense industry. The SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) analysis method is used as a research framework to evaluate the internal and external factors that influence the success of the program. This research reveals that funding for student creativity programs has a significant urgency in strengthening the defense industry. Through collaboration between students, industry and the government, this program is able to generate innovation, research and development of new technologies that can increase the competitiveness of the defense industry. The SWOT analysis shows that the strengths of the student creativity program in Triple Helix include access to fresh and innovative student intellectual resources, the ability to combine academic knowledge with the needs of the defense industry, and the encouragement of collaboration and knowledge exchange between all parties involved. Weaknesses identified include a lack of adequate funding, challenges in integrating student activities into a complex industrial environment, and a lack of understanding of the long-term benefits of the program. However, the SWOT analysis also identified significant opportunities, such as the increasing need for innovation and new technologies in the defense industry, government support for collaborative programs involving students, and the potential to develop long-term partnerships between the defense industry and universities. The threats faced include intense global competition, the need for constant updating of defense technology, and the potential for gaps between academic knowledge and industry needs if there is not adequate collaboration. In order to realize the independence of the defense industry, this research recommends adequate funding for student creativity programs, provision of supporting infrastructure, increased collaboration between universities, industry and government, as well as the development of a long-term strategy to ensure the sustainability of this program.

Supporting the festival industry in troubled times: Higher education research and collaboration with festivals in South Africa during COVID-19

This case study presents a critical reflection on the way COVID-19 lockdowns in 2020-2022 brought the festival industry in South Africa closer to higher education (HE) via a new and innovative collaboration. The research design allowed an international team to facilitate knowledge sharing and research support during a very challenging time for the industry. The project saw the development of a collaboration with seven festivals across South Africa. During the 15 months project, the collaboration allowed participants to build a new knowledge base - and a collaborative network - to survive the challenging times. Rather than a more extractive, top-down approach that saw festivals as “research subjects”, they were involved as research partners. Cultural organisations and members of the South African team acted as intermediaries, who used their existing networks and reputations to build a collaborative, trust-based relationship between industry partners and researchers where mutually beneficial outcomes were possible. The project thus became part of the South Africa festival ecosystem, creating opportunities for collaboration and knowledge exchange between festivals, cultural producers and academic researchers. The outcomes of the research helped to build a stronger creative economy and support its future development.

The Integration of Cultural Content in Chinese Junior High School English Teaching: Effects and Strategies

In the fast-paced era of globalization, it is essential for students to acquire cross-cultural communication skills to adapt to the diverse and dynamic international environment. Therefore, the integration of cultural content in English teaching plays a crucial role in enhancing students’ cross-cultural understanding and competence. This paper will discuss the positive effects of cultural content integration on students’ language proficiency, cultural awareness, and intercultural communication skills. Furthermore, the paper will introduce several effective strategies for integrating cultural content in English teaching, including the use of multimedia resources, interdisciplinary collaboration, and cross-cultural exchange activities. These strategies can help teachers to create a more engaging and meaningful learning environment for students, promoting their overall language development and cultural competence.

Hong Kong-Macau Severe Hives and Angioedema Referral Pathway.

Urticaria (defined as the presence of hives, angioedema, or both) can be caused by a variety of etiologies ranging from more common conditions such as chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) to rarer conditions such as hereditary angioedema (HAE). Specialist referral may be necessary in cases of severe urticaria or HAE, but access to specialist services remains limited in certain regions, such as the Greater Bay Area (GBA) of China. To address this, the Hong Kong-Macau Severe Hives and Angioedema Referral Pathway (SHARP) was initiated by the Hong Kong Institute of Allergy and Macau Society of Dermatology to promote multidisciplinary collaboration and regional exchange of expertise in the diagnosis and management of severe urticaria. A nominated task force of dermatologists and immunologists who manage patients with severe urticaria formulated the consensus statements (CS) using the Delphi method. The consensus was defined a priori as an agreement of ≥80%. A total of 24 CS were formulated, including four statements on classifications and definitions, seven statements on diagnosis, and 13 statements on management and referral. The definitions for acute/chronic urticaria and severe CSU were stated. Unnecessary investigations and inappropriate medications were discouraged. The characteristics and recommended approach to suspected bradykinergic angioedema were specified. Stepwise treatment options using second-generation antihistamines, omalizumab, or cyclosporin for patients with CSU were addressed, and the importance of access to HAE-specific medications was emphasized. Furthermore, an integrated referral pathway for patients with severe hives and angioedema was constructed. The SHARP provides guidance for the management and specialist referral of patients with severe hives and angioedema in Hong Kong and Macau.

An overview of Maritime English teaching and its principles, with a focus on practical applications and best practices online

The paper is devoted to using innovative technologies in the professional training of future ship engineers. It highlights the need for tutors to make lessons interesting and exciting and to create a situation where every cadet can be active. The research emphasises that the main target of maritime education today is not just to accumulate knowledge and skills but to prepare cadets as independent subjects of educational activity who can learn and upgrade their knowledge. The article describes the benefits of digital technologies for online maritime education and training, including various videoconference services. It also discusses the psychological theory of learning based on the psychology of human relationships, which is crucial to interactive learning technologies. The paper concludes by describing various technologies for information visualisation, such as cloud technologies and gamification, and recommends tools like Mentimeter, Aha Slides, and Poll Everywhere for collaborative work and knowledge exchange. The research also suggests that using whiteboard resources during Maritime English lessons can serve cadets as a visual platform for displaying essential Maritime English vocabulary, supporting interactive discussions, conducting simulated exercises and role-playing scenarios.

The International Human Papillomavirus Reference Center: Standardization, collaboration, and quality assurance in HPV research and diagnostics.

The International Human Papillomavirus (HPV)Reference Center (IHRC)confirms and assigns type numbers to novel HPV types, maintains a reference clone repository, and issues international proficiency panels for HPV screening and genotyping. Furthermore, the Center coordinates the Global HPV Reference Laboratory Network that promotes collaboration and international exchange of experiences among national HPV reference laboratories, to further international standardization and quality assurance in the HPV field. The established HPV types (n = 225) belong to 5 different genera: alpha (n = 65), beta (n = 54), gamma (n = 102), mu (n = 3) and nu (n = 1). Since the last published IHRC overview in 2018, 6 novel types have been established, with 5/6 belonging to the gamma genus and 1/6 to beta genus. Also, 474 reference clones have been provided to 55 different research laboratories and the global proficiency program for HPV genotyping has seen an increasing proficiency (despite a decrease seen in 2019), from 68% proficiency in 2017 to 77.3% in 2022. The first proficiency study for HPV screening found an international proficiency of up to 77%. In summary, increasing complexity of the HPVs and demands on quality assurance in the era of cervical cancer elimination requires international efforts to support proficiency and recognized quality and order among HPV types.