Cognitive Scheme Research Articles

Analysis of piaget-anderson theory in learning modern economy

The more complicated the development of information technology in the twentieth-century one has become a challenge for education in Indonesia. Various stages of the development of the education curriculum never stop doing in order to adjust to the existing development. Based on cognitive theory that are discussed and suggested by Jean Piaget, to build and develop cognitive structure that meaningful for students, required model of teaching which is based on the stages of cognitive development students. The Integration of Jean Piaget stages of cognitive development theory and technology in the implementation of the teaching of the modern economy cause multimedia technology will support development of student reasoning, reversal thinking, creative thinking and stimulate the development of cognitive structure individually.The addition of more communicative learning resources causes the cognitive structure of students to experience expansion more quickly because of the many sources of information that can be absorbed to serve as cognitive capital in the equilibration phase in the dimension of knowledge afterwards. Multimedia learning is also able to support students to reach their accommodation phase, information support from various sources and communicative causes the growth of reversal thinking patterns that cause students to have propositional, combinatorial logic and reasoning thinking capacity in hypothesis. So students can immediately determine whether the cognitive schemes they have learned are only sufficiently expanded or must be replaced as a form of their adaptation to the environment.

Quantitative and qualitative centrality of a social representation's core elements: The use of the Basic Cognitive Schemes model

The general aim of this research was to investigate the use of the Basic Cognitive Schemes (BCS) model in examining the qualitative vs. quantitative centrality of a social representation’s (SR) core elements. Firstly, we examined the internal structure of the social representation of the European integration (Study 1, N = 71) according to Central Core Theory of the structural approach of social representations. Secondly, we investigated the qualitative vs. quantitative centrality of its core elements (Study 2, N = 106) using the BCS model. The study included young people from Eastern Romania enrolled in a Psychology undergraduate degree. The results permitted the identification of the elements defining the internal structure of the SR of the European integration among young Romanians. We identified five central elements with prescriptive functions (i.e., mobility, unity, opportunity, European funds, and civilization). Furthermore, after checking their qualitative and quantitative centrality using the BCS model, only three of them were confirmed as both qualitatively and quantitatively central. Thus, the results also underlined the importance of the BSC model in better understanding the relationships between the SR’s internal elements. Theoretical and practical implications of the results are discussed.

Childhood adverse traumatic experiences and schizophrenia

Εpidemiological research during last decades has demonstrated the association of certain environmental variables with psychosis. Ιn parallel with understanding environmental contributors to schizophrenia, identification of those at high risk of psychosis has become a priority. These risk factors include adverse traumatic experiences, such as discrimination, social environment adversities, bullying, emigration and childhood trauma. For many years the possibility of a relationship of adverse traumatic experiences with schizophrenia was minimized in favor of a biological paradigm. However, there is evidence supporting that childhood adversities is one of the most significant environmental risk factors for psychosis, if not the most significant. Studies have demonstrated the validity and the reliability of retrospective reports of adverse traumatic experiences in psychotic patients. The question on the causal relationship between adverse traumatic experiences and psychosis has been raised for many years, but it has not yet been answered. Researchers have focused on the study of dysfunctional cognitive schemes being formed due to childhood adversities and interpreting the world as unfriendly and threatening. According to social defeat hypothesis, the patients do not experience more stressful life events but they experience them as less controllable. Furthermore, researchers study the mediator psychopathology associated directly with adverse traumatic experiences, such as anxiety, mood, dissociative and adaptation disorders, which possibly predispose to psychosis. Cannabis use and childhood adversities may interact to increase the risk of psychotic symptoms in adolescence, according to research findings. Several publications have positively linked the number of traumatic adverse experiences with the severity of mental health and possibly with high risk of psychosis in a dose-response relationship model. Taking note that it is important to have a plausible hypothesis of the biological mechanisms involved with the relationship between adverse traumatic experiences and psychosis, the putative systems being explored are: (1) the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis because it mediates the principal adaptive response to perceived psychological or physiological stress and (2) the dopamine system, which is considered to be important in the development of psychosis. The biological and environmental risk factors are both important in the etiology of psychosis but the effects of some forms of childhood adversity act largely independently of pre-existing genetic liability to increase the risk of psychosis. A supposed differentiation of psychosis associated with adverse traumatic experiences from the classic neurodegenerative model possibly should be considered seriously by the clinician in order to design the best therapeutic plan.

Когнитивные схемы в практике создания сиквелов

Когнитивные схемы в практике создания сиквелов

Educational deontology in the community of philosophical inquiry

The paper aims at offering a pedagogical perspective as part of the debate on philosophical practices with children, referring particularly to educational deontology matters emerging when “uncomfortable” questions (but not only) occur. Many of the questions which arise during sessions of philosophical (or sometimes individually, at the end of the session and “out of the community border”) are left unanswered, being perceived as uncomfortable. Our reflection is on what educational deontology requires in order to deal with the challenge that these kinds of questions bring along. Starting from the concept of deontology proposed by the educationalist Mariagrazia Contini and embracing Jana Mohr Lone’s idea of children’s comfort with uncertainty, the paper offers a discussion on what we mean by educational responsibility when undertaking the task of facilitating a community of philosophical inquiry with children. The paper concludes that the facilitator should be present, attentive, capable of good listening. She/he should be a model, a good example for the community: available to listen and answer back, respectful, sensitive, capable of mind shifts and humble. Moreover, a facilitator should be trained to a reflexive thinking: she/he needs to be well aware of her/his cognitive schemes, the premises of her/his knowledge, the social and cultural paradigms she/he refers to. All this “intangible background” needs to be made explicit in order to be aware of the frames that shape each educational action.

A Novel Grip Force Cognition Scheme for Robot-Assisted Minimally Invasive Surgery

Obtaining a grip force in robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery (RMIS) has always been a crucial research topic. A novel grip force cognition scheme is proposed in this article. We utilize the dynamic analysis of the cable-driven system to conduct feature engineering and add prior knowledge to the Gaussian process regression (GPR). Specifically, the feature and GPR model candidates are acquired by analyzing the dynamic characteristics first. After that, a wrapper searching method combined with exhaustive search (ES) and sequential backward selection (SBS) is proposed to determine the features and GPR model. The hyperparameters are optimized by differential evolution (DE) by minimizing the negative log marginal likelihood (NLML). Besides, the training set is extended by including several different objects to avoid the algorithm “learning” the object property. Our method is verified on a cable-driven platform to ensure the errors are all derived from the algorithm rather than the cable tension loss. Our method reduces the errors on our testing set by about 64% and outperforms several popular model-based and learning-based methods. This article illustrates the significance to integrate the system's characteristics when introducing machine learning techniques into robot systems.

When technological savviness overcomes cultural differences: millennials in global virtual teams

PurposeThere is a generalized belief that cultural differences can have more negative consequences than benefits within the international business (IB) literature. This study argues that cultural differences are not perceived as constrains in millennial global virtual teams (GVTs). Additionally, using the theory of cooperation and competition and the motivated information processing perspective, the purpose of this paper is to uncover the process by which millennials working in GVTs address various challenges to ensure effective functioning and accomplishment of desired team outcomes.Design/methodology/approachThis paper analyzes a data set of 503 project journals from the global enterprise experience, a virtual team competition. It uses qualitative content analysis tools and secondary data sources.FindingsThe authors find that for millennials, cross-cultural issues are not the predominant challenge when working in GVTs, unlike the prevailing understanding in the IB literature. This is because contrary to expectations, cross-cultural problems are often not experienced, while other team phenomena become more relevant, such as interpersonal and task-based issues. In addition, the paper describes how members of GVTs apply distinct challenge reconstruction and solution generation cognitive schemes to deal with both, expected and unexpected challenges.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the literature on virtual teams by identifying how millennials and post-millennials deal with the challenges embedded in the GVT interaction context by simplifying the unfamiliarity associated with the broader context rather than addressing each issue in isolation. Finally, the paper elaborates on factors that highlight the positive outcomes of multicultural teams while making cultural differences less salient in contemporary GVT contexts.

Номинативные единицы как средства языковой репрезентации англоязычного лингвокультурного сценария «Занятость»

The article reveals the notion “linguo-cultural scenario” and characterizes its basic elements - nominative units. The paper aims to describe the “Employment” scenario and to analyse nominative units that serve as means of its linguistic representation. This problem has not been previously investigated. Originality of the study involves comprehensive linguo-cognitive analysis of linguistic material, linguo-cultural scenario as a cognitive scheme, and description of means of linguistic objectivation of the subject area “Employment”. The researcher’s attention is focused on identifying structural-semantic peculiarities of one- and two-component nominative units of the mentioned scenario. The findings indicate that in the modern English language, there’s a tendency to laconization and linguistic economy. Separability, nominal character and affixation of the analysed nominators are manifestations of this tendency.

Probabilistic Approach for Channel Selection in Centralized Cognitive Scheme Utilizing Invasive Weed Optimization

Probabilistic Approach for Channel Selection in Centralized Cognitive Scheme Utilizing Invasive Weed Optimization

Вербальная основа моделирования референтных свойств конфликта в англоязычном экономическом медиадискурсе

This article deals with the cognitive modelling of conflict referential properties reflected on the pages of the English economic periodical The Financial Times dated 2018. In line with the majority of papers by Russian and foreign researchers considering cognitive modelling on the basis of conceptual analysis, a cognitive modelling scheme of the concept ECONOMIC CONFLICT is suggested in this paper. The theoretical significance of the article lies in its ability to fill some gaps related to the study of economic media texts by means of linguistic modelling. As for the practical novelty, the researchmaterials can be used for lectures and seminars on Business English and special courses on cognitive linguistics. The cognitive modelling process suggested is based on the analysis of lexicographic sources and fragments of media texts devoted to the economic situation. It is shown that conflict referential properties are manifested in the use of topical vocabulary correlated with the layers of the concept’s model, which is described as a hierarchy of cognitive criteria located in its core as well as on the near and far peripheries. Economic media texts are characterized by a rare use of the lexical unit conflict. It was determined that a conflict can be represented by various lexical means, including direct and metaphoric nominations. In addition, a particular manifestation of an economic conflict narrowing down to trade wars was identified in the media texts under study. The article will be of interest to linguists specializing in cognitive linguistics and linguistic modelling.

НАВЧАННЯ ПОДОЛАННЮ ТРУДНОЩІВ МІЖКУЛЬТУРНОЇ КОМУНІКАЦІЇ НА ЗАНЯТТІ З ІНОЗЕМНОЇ МОВИ

У статті розглянуті теоретичні основи щодо відмінностей між культурами, які призводять до певних труднощів у спілкуванні. Ці труднощі можуть носити як суб'єктивний, так і об’єктивний характер, тобто вони не можуть бути пов'язані ні з особистістю комуніканта, ні з його психологічним станом. Вони також не мають нічого спільного з наявністю або відсутністю досвіду міжкультурної комунікації співрозмовника, але вони можуть бути викликані певними об'єктивними факторами.
 Відповідно до вимог сучасних освітніх стандартів, випускник вищої школи повинен знати іноземні мови як засоби міжособистісного та професійного спілкування та соціального та культурного розвитку особистості. Випускник вищої школи повинен добре усвідомлювати формування ціннісного розуміння за допомогою діалогів культур рідної та іноземної мов.Слід враховувати, що іноземна мова, як правило, відображає культурні та національні ментальні та розумові особливості носіїв мови (стереотипи, когнітивні схеми тощо), що сформувалися в культурі мови, яка опановується. Усі вищезазначені особливості безпосередньо впливають на способи мислення та способи передачі мови в процесі перекладу. Вони також впливають на тлумачення мовних знаків у категоріях культурного коду.Для здобуття культурної обізнаності з іноземною мовою студенти мають опанувати такі питання:1. Наукові ідеї предметів і засобів спілкування, типів комунікацій, а також комунікативних структур актів та інших концепцій загальної теорії спілкування;2. Ідеї основних аспектів взаємних умов та взаємного проникнення в культуру та спілкування та культуру та мову. Студенти повинні розвивати навички культурного аналізу матеріалу та вміння розрізняти схожість та відмінності у вітчизняній та зарубіжній культурах.3. Ідеї доступних словників та довідкових посібників, що містять мовну, культурну та країнознавчу інформацію.4. Компетентність у національних та культурних відмінностях рідної та іноземної мов.
 Проаналізувавши вищезгаданий матеріал, можна зробити висновок про існування певних особливостей, які створюють мовні бар’єри та перешкоджають процесу спілкування. Вивчені шляхи покращення комунікації. Проведено аналіз створення викладачем спеціальних умов, що мотивують навчання. Запропоновані практичні рекомендації щодо створення ефективної міжкультурної комунікації, формування умінь сприймати і розуміти партнера по іншомовному спілкуванні.

Machine Learning-Based Energy-Spectrum Two-Dimensional Cognition in Energy Harvesting CRNs

Energy harvesting cognitive radio network (EH-CRN) is a promising approach to address the shortage of spectrum resources and the increase of energy consumption simultaneously in wireless networks. In this article, we propose a novel machine learning (ML)-based energy-spectrum two-dimensional (2D) cognition technology to improve the sensing accuracy as well as the network throughput in EH-CRNs, which consists of sensing, prediction and decision modules. More specifically, we first study the 2D sensing module which is achieved by a carefully constructed dynamic Bayesian network (DBN) to effectively exploit the coupling between spectrum usage and energy harvesting in EH-CRNs. Then we propose a deep neural network (DNN) based 2D transmission decision module to optimize the transmission energy of secondary users (SUs). With our proposed novel 2D cognition scheme, SUs can characterize the energy-spectrum correlation and transmit data with optimal transmission energy. The proposed ML-based 2D cognition is evaluated via extensive simulations in terms of sensing accuracy, prediction accuracy, and network throughput, and simulation results indicate that our proposed scheme significantly outperforms the conventional one-dimensional (1D) cognition scheme working in spectrum or energy dimension only.

Opportunistic use of Spectral Holes in Karachi using Convolutional Neural Networks

Wireless services appearing in the next generation wireless standard i.e. 6G include Internet of Everything (IoE), Holographic communications, smart transportation and smart cities require exponential rise in the bandwidth in addition to other requirements. The current static spectrum allocation policy does not allow any new entrant to exploit already grid-locked Radio Frequency (RF) spectrum. Hence, quest for larger bandwidth can be fulfilled through other technologies. These include exploiting sub-Terahertz band, Visible Light Communication and Cognitive Radio scheme or exploiting of RF bands in opportunistic fashion. Cognitive Radio is one of those engines to exploit the RF spectrum in secondary style. Cognitive Radio can use artificial intelligence driven algorithms to complete the task. Several intelligent algorithms can be used for better forecasting of spectral holes. Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is a Deep Learning algorithm that can be used to predict the presence of a spectral holes that can be opportunistically exploited for efficient utilization of RF spectrum in secondary fashion. This paper investigates the performance of CNN for metropolitan Karachi city of Pakistan so that the users can be provided with uninterrupted access to the network even under busy hours. Dataset for the proposed setup is collected for 1805 MHz frequency band through NI 2901 Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) devices. The root mean square error (RMSE) for the predicted results using CNN appears to be 81.02 at epoch of 200 and mini-batch loss of 3281.8. Based on the predicted results, it was concluded that CNN can be useful for investigating the possible opportunistic usage of RF spectrum, however, further investigation is required with different datasets.

Cognitive base for the information interchange in the processes of cultural communication

Cognitive processes underlying the interchange of cultural information are twofold: on the one hand, the anthropospheric level of cultural knowledge organization allows the recipient to receive it in a processed and ready-to-use form. On the other hand, obtaining from the culture ready-made solutions to the problems faced leads to a decrease in the individual’s ability to produce his or her own creative ideas. The processes of cultural information processing are divided into assimilative (aimed at the inclusion of input into the recipient’s mental system) and accommodative (aimed at adapting his or her own worldview to information coming from outside) ones. The information received in the process of cultural communication is internalized by the recipient to the extent he or she is sensitive to it. In this case, sensitivity is understood as the ability to harmoniously embed the input data into the existing system of cognitive schemes. At the same time, the act of informational translation becomes a stimulus, while the internalization of data is a reaction to it. A fundamental principle of cultural information assimilation is cognitive economy — the desire to obtain the most effective solution to the problem with the minimum expenditure of mental resources. Often, the result is development of cognitive laziness, inability and unwillingness to use the resources freed up for creative work which could then be used by the person as a donor of cultural information. With the increase in the amount of assimilated information, the level of its recipient’s adaptability to the system of culture increases both in the local and global sense applicable to humanity as a whole as the largest of the cultural groups. At the same time, increasing the degree of cultural adaptation leads to a decrease in the person’s creative potential since creativity takes a person beyond the general group vector of cultural development.

Methodological Guidelines of the Sociological Study of Professional Mobility Management of Russian Youth

The article substantiates the need for a methodological search for alternatives to a sociological study of the professional mobility of Russian youth and the management of this process in the context of global and Russian trends in the development of the labor market and professionalization. The proposed author's methodological guidelines in the study of this problem are based on the analysis and generalization of the available theoretical developments, highlighting the most optimal from the point of view of the Russian labor market’s realities and professional development of youth. The article actualizes the potential of stratification and activity approaches, the theory of multiplicity of professionalization, and multidimensional analysis. The cognitive scheme proposed in the article is based on the identification of three stages of professional development of youth: professional self-determination, professional education and professional adaptation. The prospects for its use in studying the problem of managing professional youth mobility are seen in the formation of an effective strategy for managing this process, taking into account the effective professionalization of youth at each of the selected stages, taking into account the factor of multiple professionalization as the most vividly characterizing modern adaptation practices in the professional labor market.

Структура и виды когнитивных схем психологического благополучия

Структура и виды когнитивных схем психологического благополучия

О НЕКОТОРЫХ ОСОБЕННОСТЯХ ПЕРЕДАЧИ ЭКСПЕРИЕНТИВНО-АВТОРЕФЕРЕНТНОГО СОСТОЯНИЯ В АРАБСКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ (НА КОРПУСНОМ МАТЕРИАЛЕ)

The semantic category “state” (hereinafter referred to as “state”) is a fundamental universal category of language. One of the options for its implementation is an experientive-self-referential one — a designation of one’s condition by the speaker himself. The features of its verbalization in Arabic remain unexplored. Their study in this article was provided on the material of 170 Arabic expressions, sampled on the basis of equivalence to Russian expressions with dative-predicative constructions (hereinafter referred to as “DPC”) “мне стыдно” from the parallel corpora. In the contrast and comparison with them in Arabic language there were distinguished two main constructions, which verbalize semantics in question: 1) «ʃaʕara + bi + N» (38 % elements of sample), where the subject is implicated in the affix of the verb, and its experientive “state” is transmitted by means of transitive verb with indirect object «ʃaʕara» — «to feel» with different nominals «N», equal on the semantic level to the lexeme “стыд” or familiar to it: «alɁistija:Ɂu», «alɁiħra:ʒu», «alʕa:ru», «assu:Ɂu», «alħaraʒu», «alxaʒalu» etc.; 2) PronAnim + Part1/2” (29% of the sample), where is the subject is personal pronoun “Pron” in the first face (fused or separete) in the role of subject in main or subordinate (after particle “Ɂanna”) clause. And its experientive “state” is transmitted by participle “Part1” or quasi-participle “Part2”, which are represented in the role of nominal predicate. Also, along with them, various minor methods are observed, such as a metaphorical transfer of the cognitive scheme of the preposition “ʕalaː” with the implication of “state” in the subtext, the use of a transfix of the initial form of the verb with the basic form “faʕila”, an impersonal construction with a lexeme, denoting emotion.

BODY PHYSICALITY AS A KEY FACTOR OF MEDIA SELF PRESENTATION – BODY IMAGE IN ADVERTISING

The contribution is a consideration of the role of a human body in personal, physical reflections, in the field of art and in media space. The presented text is a thought starting point for a scientific study of the role and forms of the human body in contemporary advertising. In contemporary modern society, there is an increasing interest in the appearance and presentation of the body in its female or male modality. Body image is a complex, dynamic and multidimensional aspect of an individual’s personality, determined by a number of individual and socio-cultural factors. Body image creation takes place under the influence and experience of information and it can change throughout life. The perception of body image is linked to the general ideas that the culture connects with the ideal form of the body. It is not only a mental image, but also includes an assessment component, an attitude based on cognitive schemes and emotional processing of information with which the individual is confronted

Revisiting the Classics and the New Media Environments: Shakespeare Re-Told by Jeanette Winterson, Margaret Atwood and Edward St. Aubyn

The versatility of the appropriation of Shakespeare in recent years has been witnessed in a variety of registers and media, which range from special effects on the stage, music, cartoons, comics, advertisements, all the way to video games. This contribution looks at some of the novels in the Shakespeare Re-told Hogarth series as effigies of the contemporary process of adapting the Elizabethan plays to the environments in which the potential readers/viewers work, become informed, seek entertainment and adjust themselves culturally, being, ultimately, cognitive schemes which are validated by today’s reception processes. The first novel in the series was Jeanette Winterson’s Gap of Time (2016), in which the Shakespearean reference to the years that separate the two moments of The Winter’s Tale’s plot becomes the title of a video game relying mainly on fantasy. Margaret Atwood’s Hag-Seed (2016) rewrites The Tempest as a parable of the theatrical performance and its avatars, as undisputable authority, on the one hand, and source of subversiveness, on the other. Dunbar (2018) is Edward St. Aubyn’s response to the family saga of King Lear, where kingship, territorial division and military conflict are replaced by modern media wars, and the issues of public exposure in the original text are reinterpreted interpreted by resorting to the impact of the audio-visual on every-day life.

COGNITIVE MODELLING OF CONCEPTS “CONFLICT” AND “CRISIS” FROM THE VIEWPOINT OF THEIR INTERACTION IN ENGLISH ECONOMIC MEDIA DISCOURSE

The article deals with the interaction between the “conflict” and “crisis” event concepts in the cognitive modelling process. The developed modelling procedure is focused on the analysis of “conflict” and “crisis” lexical units represented in the lexicographic sources and economic media texts’ fragments of “The Financial Times” dated 2018. According to the main trend expounded by Russian and foreign researchers, the cognitive modelling scheme is based on a conceptual analysis. The “conflict” and “crisis” concepts’ verbal representations reflect their referential properties in the economic media text in accordance with its covered topic. The “conflict” and “crisis” cognitive models are specified through the structure of the concepts by means of cognitive criterion located in its core, close and far periphery. The study of economic media texts suggests that lexical units with negative connotations are the explicit identifiers of the “conflict” and “crisis” concepts. It is stated that the “conflict” and “crisis” concepts’ interaction is characterised by the whole range of parameters. In media texts the content of the concept “conflict” narrows to the trade wars. The concept “crisis” acquires the common meaning of the lexical unit “crisis”. The article is addressed to linguists interested in the cognitive language research.