Coefficient Of Variation Values Research Articles

A new method for determination of the relative colour strength of dye based on new colour depth formula. Part II: application to different batches of colourant

AbstractAs a standard for the evaluation of relative colour strength (RCS) of dye, AATCC EP‐6 (SWL [K/S], SUM, and WSUM) has been widely used, while its limitations are often overlooked by people. In Part I of this study, the new method Yangn (CSV1, CSV2, and CSV3) for the determination of RCS were proposed, Yangn and AATCC EP‐6 were tested using the different types of disperse dyes that have approximate hues. However, the calculations of RCS for the same dyes produced in different batches were also necessary, therefore, this article (Part II) focuses on it. The HL series dyes produced in 2020 and 2021 were used to test Yangn and AATCC EP‐6. The same results as Part I, the colour strength values calculated by SWL, SUM, and WSUM were inconsistent. Furthermore, in the methods of AATCC EP‐6, the colour strength values calculated by WSUM should be at least rounded to four decimal places to avoid false calculation; the value of Yangn only need to be rounded to two decimal places. For the RCS of the same dyes produced in different batches, the methods of AATCC EP‐6 and Yangn were relatively the same under different dyeing concentrations. The coefficient of variation (CV) values of Yangn were < 1.3%, the CV values of AATCC EP‐6 were < 2%. Therefore, according to the consistency of the calculation, the CV values and the dependence on the concentration, the new methods of Yangn were superior to the traditional methods.

Efficacy of Sweet Potato Transplanting Machine for Different Cultivation Systems in Northern China

China is the world’s biggest producer of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L). Lam.), and approximately 55% of the global supply is from China. Raised beds (RB) and raised beds mulched with plastic film (RBF) are the two main sweet potato cultivation systems now widely used in northern China. Planting placement of multiple nodes buried in shallow soil layers is additionally required for the sweet potato cultivation to achieve higher yields and reduce pests and diseases in this area, which increases the difficulty of transplanting mechanically. Therefore, a 2CGFS-2 compound sweet potato transplanter was developed, and the key parameters of slips transplanting apparatus were designed in this paper. Furthermore, its performance was investigated over two years under four treatments with different sweet potato varieties (Jishu 26 and Pushu 32) and cultivation systems (RBF and RB). The results showed that the missing seedling rate and qualified rate of transplanting population for each treatment by using 2CGFS-2 compound transplanter were <1.2% and >95.0% in both 2020 and 2021, while the mean values of the plant spacing variation coefficient and the qualified rate of transplanting depth during 2020–2021 were 4.53% and 96.28%, respectively. The length of the sweet potato slip inserted into the soil by the 2CGFS-2 compound sweet potato transplanter was almost the same, ca. 195 mm. The accurate placement of the sweet potato slips reduced the differences in tuber weight per plant caused by manual transplanting. These results are of considerable importance for RB and RBF sweet potato cultivation systems.

Evaluation of meibomian gland morphology and anterior segment parameters by Sirius topography systems in polycystic ovary syndrome.

To compare findings in specular microscopy, corneal topography, and noncontact meibography in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients with healthy controls. A total of 40 women with PCOS and 32 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Schirmer's test, Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI), noninvasive tear break-up time (NITBUT), the mean keratometry (Km), maximum keratometry (Kmax), central (CCT), thinnest (TCT) and apical (ACT) corneal thicknesses, meibomian gland (MG) loss, meiboscores, morphology of MGs, endothelial cell density (ECD), coefficient of variation (CV), and percentage of hexagonal cells (PHEX) were analyzed. Correlations between anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) and sex hormones and the findings of PCOS patients were evaluated. Mean OSDI score, intraocular pressure, Km and Kmax values, the mean MG loss of upper and lower eyelids, lower eyelid meiboscore, and degree of morphological abnormalities of MGs were higher in cases with PCOS than healthy controls. There were no significant differences between groups in Schirmer results, first and average NITBUT, mean values of TCT, ACT, CCT, ECD, CV, and PHEX (P > 0.05, for all). There were correlations between plasma AMH level and Kmax, back Km and PHEX, and between estradiol (E2) and PHEX; there were negative correlations between E2 and total MG loss and CV and between total testosterone and ACT. Loss and morphological deterioration of the MGs are observed in PCOS patients, even if the tear parameters are not impaired yet. In eyes with PCOS, keratometry values become steeper in proportion to AMH levels. The PCOS patients should be followed carefully for the development of corneal ectasia.

Mortality from acute types of coronary artery disease in men and women in Russia in 2015 and 2019

Aim. To comparison standardized mortality rates (SMRs) among men and women from acute types of coronary artery disease (CAD) and their regional variability in Russia in 2015 and 2019.Material and methods. The Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat) data on the population and the number of deaths from CAD based on the brief nomenclature of death causes using the Tenth Revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10) in 2015 and 2019 in 82 Russian subjects are presented. For each sex, SMR was calculated for acute (primary) and recurrent myocardial infarction (MI) (I21-I22), for other types of acute CAD (I20, I24.1-9), as well as average regional SMRs, coefficient of variation (CV).Results. The average regional SMR for each of the acute CAD types among men was significantly higher than among women both in 2015 (p<0,0001) and in 2019 (p<0,0001). For the period of 2015-2019 in men, SMR from all acute CAD types decreased by 22,5%, from acute MI — by 7,4%, from recurrent MI — by 22,2% and from other acute CAD types — by 25,8%, while in women, these figures were 11,8, 8,8, 19,0 and 29,7%, respectively. The men-to-women SMR ratio in 2015 and 2019 were 2,79/2,72 for all acute CAD types, 2,58/2,55 for all MI cases, and 3,36/4,18 for other acute CAD types. The minimum CV values (41,9% among men in 2019 and 44,7% among women in 2015) were recorded for acute MI, while the maximum CV values (129,3% among men and 158,6% among women in 2019) for other acute CAD types.Conclusion. Over the period of 2015-2019, the average regional SMR from acute CAD types in men and women decreased in Russia, with a more noticeable decrease for men. Greater regional variability in mortality, especially for other acute CAD types, poses the problem of finding organizational, methodological and strategic solutions to clarify the criteria for coding and refine the logistics schemes for providing healthcare for doubtful or uncertain diagnostic signs of acute CAD.

Pix2Pix generative adversarial network for low dose myocardial perfusion SPECT denoising.

Myocardial perfusion (MP) SPECT is a well-established method for diagnosing cardiac disease, yet its radiation risk poses safety concern. This study aims to apply and evaluate the use of Pix2Pix generative adversarial network (Pix2Pix GAN) in denoising low dose MP SPECT images. One hundred male and female patients with different 99mTc-sestamibi activity distributions, organ and body sizes were simulated by a population of digital 4D Extended Cardiac Torso (XCAT) phantoms. Realistic noisy SPECT projections of full dose of 987 MBq injection and 16 min acquisition, and low dose ranged from 1/20 to 1/2 of the full dose, were generated by an analytical projector from the right anterior oblique (RAO) to the left posterior oblique (LPO) positions. Additionally, twenty patients underwent ~1,184 MBq 99mTc-sestamibi stress SPECT/CT scan were also retrospectively recruited for the study. For each patient, low dose SPECT images (7/10 to 1/10 of full dose) were generated from the full dose list mode data. Our Pix2Pix GAN model was trained with full dose and low dose reconstructed SPECT image pairs. Normalized mean square error (NMSE), structural similarity index (SSIM), coefficient of variation (CV), full-width-at-half-maximum (FWHM) and relative defect size differences (RSD) of Pix2Pix GAN processed images were evaluated along with a reference convolutional auto encoder (CAE) network and post-reconstruction filters. NMSE values of 0.0233±0.004 vs. 0.0249±0.004 and 0.0313±0.007 vs. 0.0579±0.016 were obtained on 1/2 and 1/20 dose level for Pix2Pix GAN and CAE in the simulation study, while they were 0.0376±0.010 vs. 0.0433±0.010 and 0.0907±0.020 vs. 0.1186±0.025 on 7/10 and 1/10 dose level in the clinical study. Similar results were also obtained from the SSIM, CV, FWHM and RSD values. Overall, the use of Pix2Pix GAN was superior to other denoising methods in all physical indices, particular in the lower dose levels in the simulation and clinical study. The Pix2Pix GAN method is effective to reduce the noise level of low dose MP SPECT. Further studies on clinical performance are warranted to demonstrate its full clinical effectiveness.

Impact of Interfractional Error on Dosiomic Features.

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to investigate the stability of dosiomic features under random interfractional error. We investigated the differences in the values of features with different fractions and the error in the values of dosiomic features under interfractional error.Material and MethodsThe isocenters of the treatment plans of 15 lung cancer patients were translated by a maximum of ±3 mm in each axis with a mean of (0, 0, 0) and a standard deviation of (1.2, 1.2, 1.2) mm in the x, y, and z directions for each fraction. A total of 81 dose distributions for each patient were then calculated considering four fraction number groups (2, 10, 20, and 30). A total of 93 dosiomic features were extracted from each dose distribution in four different regions of interest (ROIs): gross tumor volume (GTV), planning target volume (PTV), heart, and both lungs. The stability of dosiomic features was analyzed for each fraction number group by the coefficient of variation (CV) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The agreements in the means of dosiomic features among the four fraction number groups were tested by ICC. The percent differences (PD) between the dosiomic features extracted from the original dose distribution and the dosiomic features extracted from the dose distribution with interfractional error were calculated.ResultsEleven out of 93 dosiomic features demonstrated a large CV (CV ≥ 20%). Overall CV values were highest in GTV ROIs and lowest in lung ROIs. The stability of dosiomic features decreased as the total number of fractions decreased. The ICC results showed that five out of 93 dosiomic features had an ICC lower than 0.75, which indicates intermediate or poor stability under interfractional error. The mean dosiomic feature values were shown to be consistent with different numbers of fractions (ICC ≥ 0.9). Some of the dosiomic features had PD greater than 50% and showed different PD values with different numbers of fractions.ConclusionSome dosiomic features have low stability under interfractional error. The stability and values of the dosiomic features were affected by the total number of fractions. The effect of interfractional error on dosiomic features should be considered in further studies regarding dosiomics for reproducible results.

ANALISIS PENDAPATAN, RISIKO DAN TINGKAT KESEJAHTERAAN RUMAH TANGGA PETANI KARET DI KECAMATAN PAKUAN RATU KABUPATEN WAY KANAN

The study aims to analyze the amount of household income, the risk of rubber selling prices and the level of household welfare of rubber farmers in Pakuan Ratu Sub-District, Way Kanan Regency. The research method used was survey method. The number of the respondent in this study is 56 rubber farming households obtained using proportional random sampling. The results show that the average total income of rubber farmer households is Rp31,580,310.71 where the largest income is derived from income from rubber farming. The price risk on rubber farming is relatively small that can be seen from the variation coefficient value (CV) is 0.17. The level of household welfare based on Sajogyo's indicators shows that 100% rubber farming households are in the living groupworthy. Key words: farmers, income, risk, rubber, welfare.

Multimodal Approach of Optical Coherence Tomography and Raman Spectroscopy Can Improve Differentiating Benign and Malignant Skin Tumors in Animal Patients.

Simple SummarySkin and subcutaneous tumors are among the most frequent neoplasms in dogs and cats. We studied 51 samples of canine and feline skin, lipomas, soft tissue sarcomas, and mast cell tumors using a multimodal approach based on optical coherence tomography and Raman spectroscopy. A supervised machine learning algorithm detected malignant tumors with the sensitivity and specificity of 94% and 98%, respectively. The proposed multimodal algorithm is a novel approach in veterinary oncology that can outperform the existing clinical methods such as the fine-needle aspiration method.As in humans, cancer is one of the leading causes of companion animal mortality. Up to 30% of all canine and feline neoplasms appear on the skin or directly under it. There are only a few available studies that have investigated pet tumors by biophotonics techniques. In this study, we acquired 1115 optical coherence tomography (OCT) images of canine and feline skin, lipomas, soft tissue sarcomas, and mast cell tumors ex vivo, which were subsequently used for automated machine vision analysis. The OCT images were analyzed using a scanning window with a size of 53 × 53 μm. The distributions of the standard deviation, mean, range, and coefficient of variation values were acquired for each image. These distributions were characterized by their mean, standard deviation, and median values, resulting in 12 parameters in total. Additionally, 1002 Raman spectral measurements were made on the same samples, and features were generated by integrating the intensity of the most prominent peaks. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was used for sample classification, and sensitivities/specificities were acquired by leave-one-out cross-validation. Three datasets were analyzed—OCT, Raman, and combined. The combined OCT and Raman data enabled the best sample differentiation with the sensitivities of 0.968, 1, and 0.939 and specificities of 0.956, 1, and 0.977 for skin, lipomas, and malignant tumors, respectively. Based on these results, we concluded that the proposed multimodal approach, combining Raman and OCT data, can accurately distinguish between malignant and benign tissues.

677-P: Impact of Third Dose COVID-Vaccination on Glycaemic Control in Individuals with Type 1 Diabetes Using Flash Glucose Monitoring

Background: Coronavirus (COVID-19) disease portends a poor prognosis in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) . As a consequence, the booster dose of Covid-vaccination should be prioritized in these patients. Nonetheless, concerns exist about vaccine-induced dysglycemia. Objectives: Aim of this study was to assess the short-term effects of booster dose of Covid-vaccination on glycaemic control assessed by flash glucose monitoring (FGM) in people with T1D. Methods: In this observational cross-sectional study we investigated changes in daily insulin requirement (IR) and glycaemic control between 7 days before and 7 days after the third dose of vaccination with BioNTech Pfizer among 30 individuals with T1D on multiple daily insulin injections wearing a flash glucose monitoring (FGM) device. The following parameters of glycaemic variability were analysed: mean glucose, time in range (TIR) , time above range (TAR) , time below range (TBR) and coefficient of variation (CV) . Results: No significant differences were found for mean glycemia, TIR, TAR and TBR over the course of the vaccination from 7 days prior to receiving the third-dose vaccination until 7 days after. Nonetheless, CV and IR were significantly higher (CV, p-value = 0.001; IR, p-value = 0.05) in the week after the vaccination compared to the week earlier. The median value of CV was 35.5% [33-37] before and 36.9% [34-39] after the booster dose, whereas the median value of IR changed from 0.55 UI/Kg/day to 0.61 UI/Kg/day. Conclusions: Our study suggests that the booster dose of Covid-vaccination impact on glycaemic variability and insulin requirement in people with T1D, probably due to the pro-inflammatory cytokines and immune responses. While this observation should be investigated in larger studies, potential glycaemic aberrations in response to Covid-immunization should be considered by health care professionals and glucose monitoring intensified within the days around the vaccination. Disclosure S.Pieralice: None. L.Monte: None. G.Defeudis: None. G.Tabacco: None. N.Napoli: Advisory Panel; Novo Nordisk, Consultant; Lilly Diabetes. P.Pozzilli: Advisory Panel; Dompé, Consultant; Abbott, Speaker’s Bureau; Dompé, Lilly Diabetes, Medtronic, Sanofi.

Determination of Veterinary Drug Residues, Mycotoxins, and Pesticide Residues in Bovine Milk by Liquid Chromatography Electrospray Ionisation -tandem Mass Spectrometry.

IntroductionMulti-class and multi-residue analyses are very complex procedures because of the physico-chemical properties of veterinary drug residues and other contaminants. The purpose of the study was to develop an analytical method for the sensitive determination of 69 analytes in bovine milk by liquid chromatography electrospray ionisation–tandem mass spectrometry.Material and MethodsAntimicrobial, anabolic hormone, lactone, β-agonist, mycotoxin and pesticide residues were analysed in 120 raw milk samples from different dairy farms in North Macedonia. Stable isotopically labelled internal standards were used to facilitate effective quantification of the analytes.ResultsThe linear regression coefficients were higher than 0.99, the limits of detection ranged from 0.0036 to 47.94 μg/L, and the limits of quantification ranged from 0.053 to 59.43 μg/L. The decision limit values ranged from 0.062 to 211.32 μg/L and the detection capability from 0.080 to 233.71 μg/L. Average recoveries of the analytes spiked in raw milk were in the range of 70.83% to 109%, intra-day coefficient of variation (CV) values from 2.41% to 22.29%, and inter-day CV values from 3.48% to 23.91%. The method was successfully applied in the testing of bovine milk samples. In five samples residues were detected. They were sulfadimethoxine (in two samples), enrofloxacin, tetracycline and oxytetracycline and were at concentrations below the EU maximum residue limit.ConclusionThe method is useful for routine testing for this group of chemical hazards in bovine milk.

Study of genetic dimension for local varieties of bread wheat

In this study, nine types of bread wheat (Triticum aestivem L.) were used. To analyze it at the molecular level, Random Amplified Polymorphic D.N.A. (R.A.P.D.) markers based on PCR technology were used to study the variations of the cultivars. It is absent in other varieties and can be used as a distinctive genetic fingerprint to preserve plant breeders' rights. Genetic banks can use it to distinguish the mentioned varieties and models, confirming the importance of this technique in molecular characterization and genetic fingerprinting studies. From the results of the molecular aspect, the similarity matrix was implemented based on the coefficients of (Nei & Lie) for the nine studied varieties. The highest similarity value was between the variety (Taymoz/2 and Baghdad/3), and its value was 0.9167. Most of the traits showed a similarity in the mean between them for all the genetic traits, but the lowest similar value was between the two varieties (Rashid and Baghdad/1). Genetic level, the cultivar seeds were sown under arid conditions in the fields. The experimental unit contained two lines for each category, the length of the line was 2 m, and the distance between the lines was 30 Cm. The characteristics of the number of days of 50% flowering, plant height (Cm), biological yield (gm/plant), grain yield (gm/plant) and weight of 100 grains (gm) were studied. The inputs differed significantly at the 1% probability level for all studied traits. There was high genetic variance for the characteristics of the biological yield (kg/ha) and seed yield (kg/ha), and the weight of one hundred seeds (g). The highest values of genetic variation coefficients for seed yield were superior. The percentage of heritability in its broad sense was high for all the studied traits. The values of the expected genetic improvement were a high percentage of seed yield, vital yield, harvest index, number of total branches per plant, the average for plant height, first pod height (Cm), number of seeds/pod, the weight of 100 seeds, and few numbers of days to flowering at 50%. Keywords. Triticum aestivem, R.A.P.D., Phylogenetic, Molecular markers

Physiological instability is linked to mortality in primary central nervous system lymphoma: A case–control fMRI study

Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is an aggressive brain disease where lymphocytes invade along perivascular spaces of arteries and veins. The invasion markedly changes (peri)vascular structures but its effect on physiological brain pulsations has not been previously studied. Using physiological magnetic resonance encephalography (MREGBOLD) scanning, this study aims to quantify the extent to which (peri)vascular PCNSL involvement alters the stability of physiological brain pulsations mediated by cerebral vasculature. Clinical implications and relevance were explored. In this study, 21 PCNSL patients (median 67y; 38% females) and 30 healthy age‐matched controls (median 63y; 73% females) were scanned for MREGBOLD signal during 2018–2021. Motion effects were removed. Voxel‐by‐voxel Coefficient of Variation (CV) maps of MREGBOLD signal was calculated to examine the stability of physiological brain pulsations. Group‐level differences in CV were examined using nonparametric covariate‐adjusted tests. Subject‐level CV alterations were examined against control population Z‐score maps wherein clusters of increased CV values were detected. Spatial distributions of clusters and findings from routine clinical neuroimaging were compared [contrast‐enhanced, diffusion‐weighted, fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) data]. Whole‐brain mean CV was linked to short‐term mortality with 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity, as all deceased patients revealed higher values (n = 5, median 0.055) than surviving patients (n = 16, median 0.028) (p < .0001). After adjusting for medication, head motion, and age, patients revealed higher CV values (group median 0.035) than healthy controls (group median 0.024) around arterial territories (p ≤ .001). Abnormal clusters (median 1.10 × 105mm3) extended spatially beyond FLAIR lesions (median 0.62 × 105mm3) with differences in volumes (p = .0055).

Physiological and agronomical evaluation of elite rice varieties for adaptation to heat stress

BackgroundThe increasing temperatures due to climate change around the world poses a serious threat to sustainable crop production. The growing adverse effects of heat stress are putting global food security at great risk. Crop improvement for adaptation to increased temperatures is therefore of paramount importance. This study aims at assessing the effects of heat stress in relation to agro-morphological and physiological traits of six rice varieties. The study was carried out in the Township of Glazoué, a rice-growing area in Benin. The experiments were laid in randomized complete block design with three replications. Two types of stress were imposed: high-temperature stress in the dry season and optimal temperatures in the rainy season. The calculated mean values of morphological, physiological, and agronomic traits were used to estimate heritability, genetic advance, PCA, and correlation.ResultsThe results showed that heat stress had a significant (p ≤ 0.01) influence on plant height, leaf length, number of tillers, number of internodes, days to flowering, and days to maturity, 1000-seed weight, and yield per plant. The heat stress had significantly delayed the flowering of all the varieties when compared to the controls. The highest values of 1000-seed weight (34. 67 g) were recorded for BRIZ-8B while the lowest (25.33 g) were recorded for NERICA-L20. The highest values for the genotypic coefficient of variation (43.05%) and phenotypic coefficient of variation (99.13%) were recorded for yield per plant under heat stress. The topmost broad-sense heritability was recorded for grain width (92.72%), followed by days to maturity (69.33%), days to flowering (68.50%), number of grains per panicle (57.35%), and yield (54.55%).ConclusionsThese results showed that BRIZ-8B and BRIZ-10B were the most tolerant to high temperature amongst the six varieties assessed and potentially could be recommended to farmers for production under high temperature and be used in breeding programs to improve heat tolerance in rice.

Quantifying Material Uncertainty in Seismic Evaluations of Reinforced Concrete Bridge Column Structures.

In seismic performance evaluations, the force-deformation response of a structure is typically assessed using a deterministic analytical model, and inherent uncertainty is often neglected. For reinforced concrete structures, a source of uncertainty is variability in the mechanical properties of reinforcing steel and concrete (that is, material uncertainty). This paper presents an analytical investigation to quantify the impact of the statistical variability in mechanical properties of ASTM A706 Grade 60, 80, and 100 reinforcing steel and normalweight concrete on the seismic response of reinforced concrete bridge columns. The effects on the drift response, expressed by the coefficient of variation (COV), range between COV values of 0.1 for low-to-moderate ductility demands (that is, drift ratio < 5%), and 0.3 for larger ductility demands. The COV of the force demand is lower, ranging between 0.05 and 0.1. Overall, the study shows that material uncertainty can be incorporated in seismic performance assessments through a few additional analyses.

SERA POOLED STABILITY AS A SGPT CONTROL MATERIAL WITH STORAGE TIME AND TEMPERATURE VARIATION

To improve the quality of laboratory examination results, it is absolutely necessary to carry out quality assurance and these activities usually require control materials. The price of expensive commercial control materials is an obstacle to carrying out laboratory quality control. Efforts to maintain quality control are using pooled sera as control material. One of the examinations that is often done is the examination of SGPT (Serum Glutamic Pyruvate Transaminase) blood. The choice of SGPT parameter is expected to represent the type of enzyme assay. The purpose of this study was to determine the stability of pooled sera used as control material for SGPT examination with time and temperature variations. Methods: This research is an experimental study, which was carried out using a collection of serum found in the TLM Clinical Chemistry Laboratory of the Health Ministry of Health, Jambi. By using 2 treatments, the samples were stored at a temperature of 20-25oC and -5oC. Data analysis using ANOVA and coefficient of variation value. Results: The results showed a significant value (p-value) of SGPT of p = 0.008. A significant value (p-value) which is greater than the value of = 0.05, indicates that there is an effect of storage time and temperature variations. Conclusion : There is a significant effect of storage time and temperature variation of pooled sera control material on the stability of SGPT examination.

Impacts of glycemic variability on the relationship between time in range and estimated glycated hemoglobin in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus

Objective: This study is to investigate the relationship between time in range (TIR) and glucose management indicator (GMI), and the impact of glycemic variability (GV) on their relationship in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Methods: The CGM data were collected from a multicenter randomized clinical trial of adults (≥18 years old) with T1DM, including 83 T1DM patients, respectively from the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University (72 cases), Drum Tower Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University School of Medicine (2 cases), and the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (9 cases). All subjects wore the iProTM2 system for 14 days at baseline (0-2 weeks), 3 months (12-14 weeks), and 6 months (24-26 weeks). Data derived from iProTM2 sensor was used to calculate CGM parameters. Correlation between TIR and GMI was explored according to different stratification of glycemic variability assessed by glucose coefficient of variation (CV). Predicted TIR in the fixed GMI value was calculated via the linear regression equations performed in the respective interquartile group of CV. Results: From November 2017 to June 2021, a total of 233 CGM data were collected with 83 collected from baseline, 80 from the 3-month follow-up, 70 from the 6-month follow-up. Patients including 27 males had a median (Q1, Q3) age of 30.69 (25.22, 38.43) years, with a diabetes duration of 10.05(4.46, 13.92) years. The median (Q1, Q3) and effective wearing time of available CGM data was 13.92 (13.02, 14.00) days and 91.61% (84.96%, 95.94%), and the value of TIR, GMI and CV was 60.34%±13.03%, 7.14%±0.61% and 41.01%±7.64%, respectively. There was a strong negative correlation between TIR and GMI (r=-0.822, P<0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the predictive value of TIR calculated from a given GMI was 8.352% higher when CV was up to standard (36%) than that when CV was down to standard. Based on the multiple linear regression equations generated from quartiles of CV, the predicted TIR value was decreased across the ascending quartiles with 69.98 % in the lowest quartile of CV (≤35.91%), 64.57 % in 25th-50th quartile of CV (35.91%<CV≤40.08%), 60.96% in 50th-75th quartile of CV (40.08%<CV≤45.86%) and 56.44% in the highest quartile of CV (>75th quartile, CV>45.86%) when GMI was set as 7%. Conclusions: There is a strong correlation between TIR and GMI in adult patients with T1DM in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. CV influenced the relationship between TIR and GMI.

Analysis of Production Risks and Factors Affecting the Risk of Ornamental Fish Farming Business in Plosoklaten District, Kediri Regency

Cultivators who are in business will confront various external and internal problems that may result in losses and uncertainty. The incident was caused by the risks that ornamental fish producers faced. If the production risk is high, it should be avoided otherwise, if the production risk is low, it should be handled more thoroughly. The purpose of this research is to determine the amount of risk associated with ornamental fish production using risk maps and to discover factors that influence ornamental fish production risk. The census was used as a sampling method, with a sample of 36 respondents. The data used is a combination of primary and secondary sources. Data analysis methods applied include descriptive and analytical methods such as variance analysis, standard deviation, coefficient variation, risk level based on risk map, and risk function based on the Just and Pope model form. Based on coefficient variation values and risk maps of 1.05, the risk level of ornamental fish production indicates that farmers' production risks are classified as high risk. Feed factors have a significant impact on the risk of ornamental fish production, whereas labor, pond space, medicines, and fish seeds have no significant effect on the risk of ornamental fish production.

Reproducibility of Systolic Strain in Mice Using Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Feature Tracking of Black-Blood Cine Images.

Mouse models are widely utilized to enhance our understanding of cardiac disease. The goal of this study is to investigate the reproducibility of strain parameters that were measured in mice using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) feature-tracking (CMR42, Canada). We retrospectively analyzed black-blood CMR datasets from thirteen C57BL/6 B6.SJL-CD45.1 mice (N=10 female, N=3 male) that were imaged previously. The circumferential, longitudinal, and radial (Ecc, Ell, and Err, respectively) parameters of strain were measured in the mid-ventricular region of the left ventricle. Intraobserver and interobserver reproducibility were assessed for both the end-systolic (ES) and peak strain. The ES strain had larger intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values when compared to peak strain, for both the intraobserver and interobserver reproducibility studies. Specifically, the intraobserver study showed excellent reproducibility for all three ES strain parameters, namely, Ecc (ICC 0.95, 95% CI 0.83-0.98), Ell (ICC 0.90, 95% CI 0.59-0.97), and Err (ICC 0.92, 95% CI 0.73-0.97). This was also the case for the interobserver study, namely, Ecc (ICC 0.92, 95% CI 0.60-0.98), Ell (ICC 0.76, 95% CI 0.33-0.93), and Err (ICC 0.93, 95% CI 0.68-0.98). Additionally, the coefficient of variation values were all <10%. The results of this preliminary study showed excellent reproducibility for all ES strain parameters, with good to excellent reproducibility for the peak strain parameters. Moreover, all ES strain parameters had larger ICC values than the peak strain. In general, these results imply that feature-tracking with CMR42 software and black-blood cine images can be reliably used to assess strain patterns in mice.

Thermoluminescent Characteristics of GR-200, TLD-700H and TLD-100 for Low Dose Measurement: Linearity, Repeatability, Dose Rate and Photon Energy Dependence.

Background: The dose values obtained from procedures of diagnostic radiology are relatively low. To accurately and precisely measure the dose values in this dose range, it is necessary to know the characteristics of dosimeters.Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate several thermoluminescent characteristics of GR-200, TLD-700H and TLD-100 for low dose measurement.Material and Methods: In this experimental study, linearity, repeatability, dose rate and photon energy dependence of different TLD materials were investigated in a 0.05-10 mGy range dose. It is noteworthy that the data obtained from TLD-100 were considered as reference and the data obtained from two other types of TLDs were compared with them.Results: For all three types of TLD materials, there are linear relations between absorbed dose values to TLDs and their responses. TLD-100 and TLD-700H have very low sensitivity than GR-200. For GR-200 and TLD-100, the coefficients of variation values (%) are 3.00% and 2.01%, respectively, that these values are within the tolerance limit (<7.5%). However, this value for TLD-700H is 10.85% which it is more than the reported tolerance limit. Furthermore, remarkable effects of dose rate and photon energy dependence on the responses of GR-200 are not observed in a 0.5-4 mGy dose range; nevertheless, remarkable effects of dose rate and photon energy dependence on the responses of TLD-100 and TLD-700H are found in this dose range.Conclusion: The evaluated thermoluminescent characteristics for GR-200 are better than two other types of TLDs (TLD-100 and TLD-700H) for low dose values.

Improved-Mask R-CNN: Towards an accurate generic MSK MRI instance segmentation platform (data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative).

Objective assessment of osteoarthritis (OA) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans can address the limitations of the current OA assessment approaches. Detecting and extracting bone, cartilage, and joint fluid is a necessary component for the objective assessment of OA, which helps to quantify tissue characteristics such as volume and thickness. Many algorithms, based on Artificial Intelligence (AI), have been proposed over recent years for segmenting bone and soft tissues. Most of these segmentation methods suffer from the class imbalance problem, can't differentiate between the same anatomic structure, or do not support segmenting different rang of tissue sizes. Mask R-CNN is an instance segmentation framework, meaning it segments and distinct each object of interest like different anatomical structures (e.g. bone and cartilage) using a single model. In this study, the Mask R-CNN architecture was deployed to address the need for a segmentation method that is applicable to use for different tissue scales, pathologies, and MRI sequences associated with OA, without having a problem with imbalanced classes. In addition, we modified the Mask R-CNN to improve segmentation accuracy around instance edges. A total of 500 adult knee MRI scans from the publicly available Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI), and 97 hip MRI scans from adults with symptomatic hip OA, evaluated by two readers, were used for training and validating the network. Three specific modifications to Mask R-CNN yielded the improved-Mask R-CNN (iMaskRCNN): an additional ROIAligned block, an extra decoder block in the segmentation header, and connecting them using a skip connection. The results were evaluated using Hausdorff distance, dice score for bone and cartilage segmentation, and differences in detected volume, dice score, and coefficients of variation (CoV) for effusion segmentation. The iMaskRCNN led to improved bone and cartilage segmentation compared to Mask RCNN as indicated with the increase in dice score from 95% to 98% for the femur, 95-97% for the tibia, 71-80% for the femoral cartilage, and 81-82% for the tibial cartilage. For the effusion detection, the dice score improved with iMaskRCNN 72% versus Mask R-CNN 71%. The CoV values for effusion detection between Reader1 and Mask R-CNN (0.33), Reader1 and iMaskRCNN (0.34), Reader2 and Mask R-CNN (0.22), Reader2 and iMaskRCNN (0.29) are close to CoV between two readers (0.21), indicating a high agreement between the human readers and both Mask R-CNN and iMaskRCNN. Mask R-CNN and iMaskRCNN can reliably and simultaneously extract different scale articular tissues involved in OA, forming the foundation for automated assessment of OA. The iMaskRCNN results show that the modification improved the network performance around the edges.