Study of genetic dimension for local varieties of bread wheat

Abstract

In this study, nine types of bread wheat (Triticum aestivem L.) were used. To analyze it at the molecular level, Random Amplified Polymorphic D.N.A. (R.A.P.D.) markers based on PCR technology were used to study the variations of the cultivars. It is absent in other varieties and can be used as a distinctive genetic fingerprint to preserve plant breeders' rights. Genetic banks can use it to distinguish the mentioned varieties and models, confirming the importance of this technique in molecular characterization and genetic fingerprinting studies. From the results of the molecular aspect, the similarity matrix was implemented based on the coefficients of (Nei & Lie) for the nine studied varieties. The highest similarity value was between the variety (Taymoz/2 and Baghdad/3), and its value was 0.9167. Most of the traits showed a similarity in the mean between them for all the genetic traits, but the lowest similar value was between the two varieties (Rashid and Baghdad/1). Genetic level, the cultivar seeds were sown under arid conditions in the fields. The experimental unit contained two lines for each category, the length of the line was 2 m, and the distance between the lines was 30 Cm. The characteristics of the number of days of 50% flowering, plant height (Cm), biological yield (gm/plant), grain yield (gm/plant) and weight of 100 grains (gm) were studied. The inputs differed significantly at the 1% probability level for all studied traits. There was high genetic variance for the characteristics of the biological yield (kg/ha) and seed yield (kg/ha), and the weight of one hundred seeds (g). The highest values of genetic variation coefficients for seed yield were superior. The percentage of heritability in its broad sense was high for all the studied traits. The values of the expected genetic improvement were a high percentage of seed yield, vital yield, harvest index, number of total branches per plant, the average for plant height, first pod height (Cm), number of seeds/pod, the weight of 100 seeds, and few numbers of days to flowering at 50%. Keywords. Triticum aestivem, R.A.P.D., Phylogenetic, Molecular markers