Code Rules Research Articles

A generalized classification and coding system of Human Disease Animal Model Resource data with a case study to show improving database retrieval efficiency.

Currently there is no unified data classification and coding standard for the existing human disease animal model resource data worldwide. Different data classification and coding systems produce different retrieval methods. Some of these methods are inefficient and difficult to use. This research investigated the rules for the classification and coding of such data based on the Replication Methodology of Animal Models for Human Disease, the Classification and Coding Rules for Health Information Data Set (WS/T 306-2009), the Science and Technology Resource Identification (GB/T 32843-2016), the Scientific Data Management Measures (000014349/2018-00052), and The Generic Description Specification for Natural Science and Technology Resources. This research aimed to develop a classification and coding system for data obtained from human disease animal model resource based on the Internet environment to provide a standardized and unified foundation for the collection, saving, retrieval, and sharing of data from this resource. A complete data classification and coding table compiled in the form of letters and numbers was produced, with a classification infrastructure that expanded layer by layer according to the three dimensions (namely, system diseases, animal species, and modeling methods) and essential attributes. When necessary, it adopted the hierarchy of major, intermediate, and minor categories for certain layer and also one-to-one matched the code and classification result. Through this study, a sharing and joint construction mechanism for data from this resource can be developed by all research institutes in this field. As a case study, this research also offered technical support for constructing the database for the National Human Disease Animal Model Resource Center. The technological innovation of this paper is to derive a research oriented retrieval method, which provides technical support for the research on the current COVID-19 epidemic and on possible future epidemics.

Codes and standards for ceramic composite core materials for High Temperature Reactor applications

Fiber-reinforced ceramic matrix composites are attractive for high-temperature nuclear applications due to excellent thermal and mechanical properties as well as reasonable-to-outstanding radiation resistance. Over the past 20 years, the use of ceramic matrix composite applications expanded to many commercial non-nuclear industries as fabrication and application of the technologies mature.The ASME Boiler Pressure Vessel Code, under Section III Division 5, provides the design and construction rules for High Temperature Reactor components. It published the first rules for ceramic matrix composites to be used for reactor core components. The rules lay out the quality requirements together with the design and materials criteria for the use and application of silicon carbide- and carbon-based matrix material technologies. As with the established graphite rules, the ceramic composite material rules are structured in Subsection HH (from Section III), that addresses the criteria for class SN nonmetallic core components. The code rules rely heavily on the development and publication of standards for composite specification, classification, and testing of mechanical, thermal, and other properties. These test methods are developed in ASTM Committee C28 on Advanced Ceramics, with a current focus on ceramic composite tubes. This article describes the detail of the composites code, the design methodology and similarities to the graphite code, the guidance for the development of specifications for ceramic composites (for nuclear applications) including recent standard developments, and it mentions the next steps to support licensing aspects by validating the code with benchmarking data.

In the Event of Void of Contract: Application of the Restitution Rules in the Chinese Civil Code

If a contract that includes a payment is void, the rule of Article 157 of the Civil Code of PRC “return of the property” can be the relief of real right or the relief of obligation. In particular, when the contract is aimed at the transfer of ownership, and its public notice is not completed, the claim for recovery shall be established; on the contrary, the claim for unjust enrichment shall be established. The difference in contract type is decisive in determining the claim of restitution. In the event of the contract void, the right of claims derives from property law, unjust enrichment law， or contract law. Therefore, Article 157 cannot be used as the basis of the independent claim. Regarding forms of restitution, restitution in kind is the principle, and restitution in value is the supplement, but the parties may make a special agreement on the form. The scope of restitution for the recipient includes the extant enrichments and the fruits; meanwhile, its subjective state should be considered. If malicious, he should return the fruits that should have been collected but not collected. Overall, the Contract Part of the Civil Code realizes the renewal and expansion of unjust enrichment law.

New quantum codes from CSS codes

We present a new propagation rule for CSS codes. Starting with a CSS code [![n,k,d]!]_q, we construct a CSS code with parameters [![n-2,k,d-1]!]_q. In general, one would only obtain a code with parameters [![n-2,k,d-2]!]_q. The construction applies to asymmetric quantum codes from the CSS construction as well.

LEGISLATIVE BASIS AND JUDICIAL PRACTICE OF EXEMPTING MINORS FROM CRIMINAL LIABILITY UNDER ARTICLES 90, 75, 76, 76.2 OF THE CRIMINAL CODE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Countering juvenile delinquency through criminal law means is one of the current tasks of Russian criminal policy at the present stage. In addition to criminal liability and sentencing, such measures include a particular and special means of exempting minors from criminal liability through compulsory educational measures. However, under the conditions laid down by criminal law, minors are also subject to general rules on exemption from criminal liability, the application of which, according to judicial statistics, is preferred by judicial practice. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the legislative regulation of exempting minors from criminal liability under special (Article 90) and general rules (Articles 75, 76, 76.2) of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, as well as the legal explanatory and law enforcement practice emerging in this area. The study is carried out using a set of methods: general scientific (induction, deduction, analysis, synthesis, system-structural) and specific scientific (formal legal, sociological, statistical). Results: two negative, according to the author, trends are identified, which are developing in the practice of exempting minors from criminal liability: 1) courts departure from the specialization established by the Russian Criminal Code in this area, which is manifested in the priority of applying general rules (exemption under Articles 75, 76 and 76.2 in connection with active repentance, in connection with reconciliation with the victim and with the imposition of a judicial fine) over special rule (exemption with the use of compulsory educational measures under Article 90); 2) the imposition of a judicial fine on minors, with the obligation to pay it by their parents or other legal representatives, hampers the achievement of the sectoral objective of crime prevention. The author’s options for eliminating the identified negative trends at the legislative and explanatory levels are proposed.

ANALYSIS ON CAPSULE NETWORKS TO DETECT FORGED IMAGES AND VIDEOS

Modern day computer vision tasks requires efficient solution to problems such as image recognition, natural language processing, object detection, object segmentation and language translation. Symbolic Artificial Intelligence with its hard coding rules is incapable of solving these complex problems resulting in the introduction of Deep Learning (DL) models such as Recurrent Neural Networks and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). However, CNNs require lots of training data and are incapable of recognizing pose and deformation of objects leading to the introduction of Capsule Networks. And these are the new sensation in Deep Learning. They have lived to this expectation as their performance in relation to the above problems has been better than Convolutional Neural Networks. Even with this promise in performance, lack of architectural knowledge and inner workings of Capsules serves as a hindrance for researchers to take full advantage of this breakthrough. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review of the state of the art architectures, tools and methodologies in existing implementations of capsule networks. We highlight the successes, failures and opportunities for further research to serve as a motivation to researchers and industry players to exploit the full potential of this new field. The main contribution of this survey article is that it explains and summarizes significant current state of the art Capsule Network architectures and implementations. The method introduced in this paper uses a capsule network to detect various kinds of spoofs, from replay attacks using printed images or recorded videos to computer generated videos using deep convolutional neural networks. It extends the application of capsule networks beyond their original intention to the solving of inverse graphics problems.

Evolving scope of intermediary liability in India

ABSTRACT The passing of the ‘Information Technology (Intermediary Guidelines and Digital Media Ethics Code) Rules 2021’ rekindles the age-old question about the scope of intermediary liability in India. The 2021 Code is not the first one to have raised this question. There is a long history of what the law in India wants the intermediaries to do in terms of managing the online space they own. At times, the legal structure has not made the expectations certain and definitive. The article reflects on the scope of intermediary liability in India and the extent of uncertainty that intermediaries face within the existing framework. It makes certain recommendations about bringing certainty for intermediaries. In the process, this article consults Legislation and Guidelines linked with intermediary liability. There is a critical assessment of various judgements delivered on the issue of intermediary liability in India.

Wind Turbine Load Optimization Control Strategy Based on LIDAR Feed-Forward Control for Primary Frequency Modulation Process with Pitch Angle Reservation

Because wind power is connected to the grid on a large scale, frequency fluctuation in the power grid, which is defined as a system safety risk to the power grid, occurs from time to time. According to the grid code rules of China, wind turbines are required to be equipped with primary frequency modulation or inertia response control capability, which are used to support the safe and stable operation of the power grid. During the traditional frequency modulation process of the wind turbine, power limiting operation or pitch angle reservation is generally adopted to ensure that the reserved energy can be released at any time to support the frequency change in the power grid. However, the frequency support method leads to a large loss of power generation, and does not consider the coordination between mechanical load characteristics control and primary frequency modulation. In this paper, a mechanical load optimization control strategy for a wind turbine during the primary frequency modulation process, based on LIDAR (light detection and ranging) feed forward control technology, is proposed and verified. Through LIDAR feed forward control, the characteristics of incoming wind speed can be sensed in advance, with the consequence that the wind turbine can participate in, and actively control, the primary frequency modulation procedure. According to the characteristics of incoming wind, for instance the amplitude and turbulence, simultaneously, the size of the reserved pitch angle can be adjusted in real time. This kind of method, coordinating with the mechanical load of the wind turbine, can be used to reduce both the ultimate load and fatigue damage as much as possible. Finally, the mechanical load characteristics of the wind turbine with and without the control strategy are compared and studied through simulation. The research results show that the load optimization control strategy based on LIDAR feed-forward control technology can effectively reduce the fatigue and ultimate loads of the wind turbine while supporting the frequency change in the power grid; especially for the fatigue load of tower base tilt and roll bending moments, the reducing proportion will be about 4.3% and 6.3%, respectively.

A Model-Driven Approach for the Management and Enforcement of Coding Conventions

Coding conventions are a means to improve the reliability of software systems, and they are especially useful to avoid the introduction of known bugs or security flaws. However, coding rules typically come in the form of text written in natural language, which makes them hard to manage and to enforce. Following the model-driven engineering principles, in this paper we propose an approach for the management and enforcement of coding conventions using structured models. We define the Coding Conventions Specification Language (CCSL), a language to define coding rules as structured specifications, from which checkers are derived automatically by code generation. To evaluate our approach, we run a thorough experiment on 8 real open-source projects and 77 coding rules for the Java language, comparing the violations identified by our checkers with those reported by the PMD static analysis tool. The obtained results are promising and confirm the feasibility of the approach. The experiment also revealed that textual coding rules rarely document all the necessary information to write a reliable checker.

Study on the Application of the Self-Willing Risk Rule in the Civil Code

Study on the Application of the Self-Willing Risk Rule in the Civil Code

Practical application of the principle of unity of the legal destiny of the land plot and real estate objects located on it

The issue of the rights of real estate owners protection is becoming more and more urgent, since various schemes for the alienation of such objects and the registration of property rights to them are being implemented in practice. This most acutely concerns the issue of legal regulation of land plots on which real estate objects are located. The purpose of this article is to conduct both theoretical and practical analysis of the unity of legal fate of the land plot and located on it real estate objects principle application. The legislation of Ukraine is based on the principle of the unity of the legal fate of the land plot and the real estate located on it, according to which the land plot follows the real estate, such provisions were contained in Art. 28 of the Land Code of Ukraine as amended in 1990; analogous to which are the provisions of Art. 120 of the current Land Code of Ukraine and Art. 377 of the Civil Code of Ukraine. As of today, there is a rule in the Land Code of Ukraine that in case of acquisition of ownership rights to an object of immovable property (a residential building (except for an apartment building), another building or structure), an object of unfinished construction located on a plot of land (except for state lands, communal property), ownership of such a plot of land simultaneously passes from the alienator (previous owner) of such an object to the acquirer of such an object without changing its purpose. In the event that the alienator (previous owner) of such an object owned a share in the right of joint ownership of a land plot, ownership of such a share is transferred to the acquirer of this object. This principle is also followed in judicial practice (in the decisions of the Supreme Court of Ukraine, the Supreme Court, and the Grand Chamber of the Supreme Court), in particular, in the decisions of the Supreme Court of Ukraine dated April 13, 2016 (case No. 6-253цс16), dated October 12, 2016 ( case No 6-2225цс16), dated May 15, 2017 (case No 705/6917/14-ц), resolutions of the Great Chamber of the Supreme Court dated December 5, 2018 (case No 713/1817/16-ц), dated April 3, 2019 (case No 921/158/18), dated October 16, 2019 (case No 164/409/17), dated June 16, 2020 (case No 689/26/17). In judicial practice, there are many cases when, after acquiring ownership of real property, the user of the land plot appeals to the new owner with a claim for the dismantling of the property and the removal of obstacles to the use of the land plot. The thesis that the alienator of real estate, after committing the deed and transferring the rights to the immovable property to the acquirer, can demand from the new owner of the building that it be dismantled and moved in order to release the land plot of the alienator is absolutely untenable. Usually, disputes with such a subject are initiated by the prosecutor's office, ministries and agencies under which state enterprises are subordinated, or in the case of a change in the management bodies of enterprises. Otherwise, the principle of the unity of the legal destiny of the land plot and the real estate objects located on it will be violated. Thus, the fact that the new owner (real estate) does not have the rights to the land it is not a reason for dismantling or otherwise destroying the legally acquired real estate, but on the contrary, the rights to this land by virtue of the above principle should follow such an object.

Study on the Definition and Application of the Assumption of Risk Rule in the Civil Code

Study on the Definition and Application of the Assumption of Risk Rule in the Civil Code

Contractual Dilemmas of Smart Contracts – Information Society Versus Contract Law

The aim of this study is to examine the issues of inserting smart contracts into our operative contract law. In this context, I am examining the positive and negative effects of this technological achievement on contract law, as well as its potential dangers. Smart contracts, like traditional contracts, require the consensus of the parties at the time the contract is concluded. The only difference is that the performance of the contract in the case of a smart contract is completely independent of the parties. This attribute could lead to the potential outcome that the application of performance and breach of contract rules in the Hungarian Civil Code–and as well in other continental civil codes–, could become inapplicable due to the lack of possibility of breaching the contract.

The Quality of Work, Family and Personal Life During Remote Work: Opinions of Russian Women

The object of the study, the results of which are presented in this article, is the quality of working, family and personal life. The subject of the study is the features of the quality of work, family and personal life of remote female workers who started working remotely during the COVID-19 pandemic. For women, most of whom have “dual employment” at work and at home, the relevance of assessing the quality of their work, family and personal life while working remotely is growing. The article analyzes the results of the author's survey of women who received their first experience of remote work during the pandemic. The authors come to the conclusion that the transition to a remote format basically did not affect the labor productivity and the level of remuneration of the women surveyed. Significant positive factors include: saving time for transport; the ability to combine work and household chores; the ability to independently plan work time, free schedule; the ability not to adapt to the dress code and corporate rules. Significant negative changes include changes that reduce the quality of working life: the boundaries between work and home are violated, overtime, there is no full disconnection and rest from work; lack of communication with colleagues; interfere, distract children, husband, other relatives; it is difficult to organize a workplace at home and it is difficult to motivate yourself to start working, it is difficult to concentrate. The highest differentiation in the frequency of choosing one answer or another is observed among respondents on the basis of “having children”. In general, such women find significantly fewer disadvantages than women who do not have children, or women whose age of all children is over 14 years old. The remote employment format for women raising young children is more likely to improve the quality of their work, personal and family life than vice versa. The hypothesis that dissatisfaction with remote work would be more common in the older age group was not confirmed.

An improved cuckoo search algorithm for the hybrid flow-shop scheduling problem in sand casting enterprises considering batch processing

To solve the hybrid flow-shop scheduling problem in sand casting enterprises with multivariate and multistage production characteristics, an improved cuckoo algorithm was developed. First, considering the “single-batch” coupling relationship in the production process, a single-layer coding rule based on the sorting of casting category numbers was designed, and the corresponding decoding mechanism was designed in the batch stage and single-piece processing stage. Second, crossover and mutation operations were introduced to replace the long and short flight strategies, which can improve the search ability of the cuckoo algorithm. In addition, the strategy of separating superior and inferior populations was applied to accelerate the evolution of the population. Finally, the values of the algorithm parameters were optimized by conducting orthogonal experiments, and the rationality of the scheduling model and the superiority of the improved algorithm were verified through simulations.

Igényérvényesítési fórumrendszerek az alapvető jogokat sértő elhelyezési körülmények és az elhúzódó polgári perek okozta alapjogsérelmek tükrében

The violation of fundamental rights of detainees stemming from the conditions of detention in penitentiaries and the right to a fair and public hearing within a reasonable time raise complex concerns, because in such cases the applicants have to submit a procedure under the Hungarian Prison Act or a lawsuit concerning the violation of certain rights relating to personality under the Hungarian Code of Civil Procedure or the Civil Code. The legal protection is uncertain, because the rules relating to prison conditions meet with rules of civil procedure and civil code rules. Court decisions do not help to find the way out of this incoherency. The questions mentioned in the present article raise serious dogmatic debates, casting doubt on the efficiency of the remedies.

Subtype-Specific Roles of Ellipsoid Body Ring Neurons in Sleep Regulation in Drosophila.

The ellipsoid body (EB) is a major structure of the central complex of the Drosophila melanogaster brain. Twenty-two subtypes of EB ring neurons have been identified based on anatomic and morphologic characteristics by light-level microscopy and EM connectomics. A few studies have associated ring neurons with the regulation of sleep homeostasis and structure. However, cell type-specific and population interactions in the regulation of sleep remain unclear. Using an unbiased thermogenetic screen of EB drivers using female flies, we found the following: (1) multiple ring neurons are involved in the modulation of amount of sleep and structure in a synergistic manner; (2) analysis of data for ΔP(doze)/ΔP(wake) using a mixed Gaussian model detected 5 clusters of GAL4 drivers which had similar effects on sleep pressure and/or depth: lines driving arousal contained R4m neurons, whereas lines that increased sleep pressure had R3m cells; (3) a GLM analysis correlating ring cell subtype and activity-dependent changes in sleep parameters across all lines identified several cell types significantly associated with specific sleep effects: R3p was daytime sleep-promoting, and R4m was nighttime wake-promoting; and (4) R3d cells present in 5HT7-GAL4 and in GAL4 lines, which exclusively affect sleep structure, were found to contribute to fragmentation of sleep during both day and night. Thus, multiple subtypes of ring neurons distinctively control sleep amount and/or structure. The unique highly interconnected structure of the EB suggests a local-network model worth future investigation; understanding EB subtype interactions may provide insight how sleep circuits in general are structured.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT How multiple brain regions, with many cell types, can coherently regulate sleep remains unclear, but identification of cell type-specific roles can generate opportunities for understanding the principles of integration and cooperation. The ellipsoid body (EB) of the fly brain exhibits a high level of connectivity and functional heterogeneity yet is able to tune multiple behaviors in real-time, including sleep. Leveraging the powerful genetic tools available in Drosophila and recent progress in the characterization of the morphology and connectivity of EB ring neurons, we identify several EB subtypes specifically associated with distinct aspects of sleep. Our findings will aid in revealing the rules of coding and integration in the brain.

Systematic review of population-based bladder cancer registries: How criteria heterogeneity affects the comparison of incidences.

The population-based registry of bladder cancer (BC) raises specific problems intrinsic to the tumor, as the inclusion of noninfiltrating, potentially malignant and multiple tumors. We performed a systematic review (PRISMA guidelines) of population-based BC registries to obtain information on their geographic areas involved, last dates of real incidence of BC, and rules coding used in BC for uncertain behavior, in situ and multiple tumors. Using MEDLINE and Google Scholar, we identified scientific publications of in the last 10 years in English or Spanish, whether they were related to a national or international cancer registry, provided information on registry rules, and provided data on the incidence of BC. After the first screening, a total of 194 references were obtained. After a second analysis, three registries were selected: International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) is a world registry providing real incidence of BC in the period 2008-2012. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program registered incidence until 2017 in more than 90% of the US population. Spanish Network of Cancer Registries (REDECAN) unifies 14 Spanish registries (27.4% of the population) with real incidence data from 2010 to 2015. The coding and inclusion rules have been modified, but currently, most registries include BC in situ and uncertain behavior tumors. Whenever a new case occurs 36 months after a previous diagnosis, SEER registers those as multiple incident cancers in the same location, while IARC and REDECAN only allow one cancer per location during the lifespan of the patient. Comparison of the incidence of BC among different population-based cancer registries is prone to bias due to the methodological differences regarding the inclusion of carcinomas in situ, indeterminate, and multiple tumors. A good cancer registry could provide better surveillance strategies for BC patients.

Robotic Navigation Based on Experiences and Predictive Map Inspired by Spatial Cognition

Humans and animals have environmental cognition and navigation abilities. These abilities are closely related to the spatial cognitive mechanism of brain. Based on this mechanism, we propose a novel robotic navigation framework based on experiences and predictive map inspired by spatial cognition to accurately construct environment experience and quickly plan path. The grid cell and the place cell are modeled to rapidly integrate self-motion cues. The multidimensional grid coding and one-shot learning rule are utilized for activating the place representation of robot pose. Visual cues provide information for relocation. These information are integrated through experiences which express the topology of the environment, enabling the robot to accurately achieve spatial cognition of complex environment. In order to realize the sequential decision making of hippocampus, the predictive map is introduced to quickly plan the experience sequence to target in dynamic environment. The successor representation model of robot's state is constructed through reinforcement learning. Combined with the goal-based reward function, the shortest path can be replanned to adapt to environment changes. The proposed method is tested in simulated maze, Kitti dataset and corridor environment. Compared with other bionic navigation methods, it has a faster computing speed and higher precision with bionic characteristics. Compared with visual navigation methods, the navigation tasks can robustly be accomplished without complex system design.

THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE LEGAL CERTAINTY PRINCIPLE IN DETERMINING THE ABILITY TO MAKE NOTARIAL DEEDS BEFORE A NOTARY

This study aims to find out the legal basis for the ability to make an agreement before a notary and to examine the application of the principle of legal certainty in determining the ability to make a notarial deed. This study uses a normative legal research method with a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. The findings indicate that the legal basis for making an agreement before a notary is stated in Article 39 paragraph (1) of the Notary Position Law (UUJN) and the application of the principle of legal certainty to the ability to make a deed, namely the legal basis refers to the UUJN not the Civil Code. The resolution of the conflict of norms is by using the principle of preference, namely the rules that apply are the rules of the UUJN, while the rules of the Civil Code do not apply.