Concentration Of Coconut Water Research Articles

PEMANFAATAN AIR KELAPA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PERTUMBUHAN AKAR STEK TUNAS AKSILAR Andrographis paniculata Nees

The research has been conducted to find out the best concentration of coconut water in the induction of roots of cuttings axillary buds Andrographis paniculata Nees. This research was conducted in Plant Physilogy of Division, Department of Biology, Faculty of Math and Natural Science, AndalasUniversity, for 12 weeks. The research used Completely Randomized Design. The material used was axillary buds A. paniculata with nodal number 3. treated for 30 minutes in coconut water 10, 15 and 20% and aquadest as a controle each with 6 replications. Observations were done on live percentage, root length, root numerous and cuttings height after 12 weeks planting. The results showed that the concentration 10 to 15% of coconut water was able with significant to induce the root growth of cutting axillary buds A. Paniculat. The concentration 15% of coconut water was the best in inducing cutting height growth, each with an average root length is 8.2 cm and the average number of roots that formed is 16, 0 and the average cutting height is 22.7 cm. There was an increase of average of cuttings height growth by 86% which was supported by the average increase of root length and root number of 105.0% and 280.9% on the occasion of cuttings of axillary buds in coconut water concentration 15%.

Application of Young Coconut Water and “Kascing” Fertilizer to Red Palm Seed Germination


 
 
 Redpalm isornamentplantwhichpotentiallytobecultured.Thescarcityofredpalmmadeithashighmarket value and need to be preserved. However, the germination growth of red palm is slower than other kinds of palm, so the best way to germinate the red palm seed is needed. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of apliccation some young coconut water concentration and kascing fertilizer to red palm seed germination. The research used factorial completely randomized design with 5 replication, the first factor is young coconut water concentration (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) and the second factor is germination media (steril sand and kascing fertilizer). Variables measured were live germination percentage, speed germination rate, radicula length, and plumula height. Results of this study showed that the best germination media is steril sand and 0% concentration of young coconut water.
 
 

Changes in postharvest physio-biochemical characterustics and antioxidant enzymes activity of cut alsteroemeria aurantiaca flower as affected by cycloheximide, coconut water and 6-benzyladenine

Early leaf yellowing in cut alstroemeria ( Alstroemeria aurantiaca ) flowers before flower development and petal abscission is an important limiting postharvest quality and vase life factors. Early leaf senescence reduces postharvest longevity of cut flowers and promotes petal's wilting. A study was made to evaluate the response of cut alstroemeria flowers at varying concentrations of cycloheximide (CHI) (50, 100 and 200 mg l -1 ), coconut water (5, 10 and 20%) and 6-benzyladenine (BA) (50, 100 and 200 mg l -1 ). CHI, coconut water and BA extended the vase life at all concentrations compared to the control, but coconut water at 5% concentration (with 17.39 days) was the most effective treatment. Control cut flowers showed the least vase life (10.76 days). Ethylene production in cut flowers promoted flower senescence. All concentrations of CHI, coconut water and BA delayed ethylene production compared to the control. Treatment of cut flowers with coconut water at concentration of 5% maintained the highest fresh weight of flowers and increased the content of water uptake. The chlorophyll degradation was significantly reduced by the application of CHI, coconut water and BA. The maximum content of membrane's lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes activity (super oxide dismutase and peroxidase) was obtained in control cut flowers. Thus, 5% fresh coconut water has the potential to be applied as vase solution (preservative medium) due to prolongs of cut alstroemeria flowers.

The Effects of Different Media, Sucrose Concentrations and Natural Additives on Plantlet Growth of Phalaenopsis Hybrid 'Pink'

ABSTRACT The effects of various sucrose concentrations as carbon source and natural additives in different media on plantlet growth of Phalaenopsis hybrid 'Pink' were studied. Plantlets were cultured on two media (Murashige and Skoog [MS] and Vacin and Went [VW]) supplemented with 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 g L-1 sucrose either with 0, 10 and 20% (v/v) coconut water (CW) or carrot juice (CJ) as natural additives. After four months of culture, the combination of sucrose and CW supplemented with both media affected plantlet growth where most of the plantlets showed slow growth and survival frequency (0-80%) with increasing concentrations of CW in all sucrose concentrations. However, plantlet growth on both media containing only 20 g L-1 sucrose without CW was optimal in terms of root number, root length, leaf number, leaf length, leaf width, fresh weight, dry weight and plant height. The combination of sucrose and CJ supplemented with MS medium resulted in overall good plantlet growth with 100% survival frequency. The combination of sucrose (20 g L-1) and CJ (10%) supplemented with MS medium increased root length, leaf length, leaf width and plant height. Plantlet growth was also optimal in the combination of 20 g L-1 sucrose and 10% CJ supplemented with VW medium. The results of this study indicate that Phalaenopsis hybrid 'Pink' cultured on the combination of sucrose (20 g L-1) and CJ (10%) supplemented with either MS or VW media can be used for plantlet growth of this species.

Enhancing propagation efficiency of banana cv. MONTHAN (ABB) through micropropagation

An investigation was carried out at Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory of Horticultural College and Research Institute, Coimbatore during 2012-2013. Shoot tip of banana cv. MONTHAN were cultured in MS medium fortified with different growth regulators (BAP @ 4, 5 and 6 mg l -1 ) either alone or in combination with NAA (0.5 mg l -1 ) and kinetin (2 mg l -1 ) to study the influence of growth regulators on multiplication rate. The data on number of multiple shoots, days for multiple shoot induction and micro shoot length were recorded. MS+BAP 6 mg l -1 + kinetin 2 mg l -1 recorded maximum number of multiple shoots (5.07). MS + BAP 6 mg l -1 recorded least days for multiple shoot induction (27.06 days) and highest micro shoot length (6.73cm). Further to enhance multiplication best growth regulator combination (MS + BAP 6 mg l -1 + Kinetin 2 mg l -1 ) along with different concentration of coconut water (5, 10 and 15%) and casein hydrolysate (100, 200 and 300 mg l -1 ) were supplemented. MS + BAP 6 mg l -1 + kinetin 2 mg l -1 +coconut water 5 per cent recorded the highest number of multiple shoots at all the intervals of subculture (5.13). The best growth regulator combination (MS+BAP 6 mg l -1 + kinetin 2 mg l -1 ) along with B5 vitamins in specific to different thiamine concentration (5, 10 and 15 mg l -1 ) for further multiplication were supplemented and B 5 vitamins with thiamine combinations did not increase the multiplication rate. The degree of efficiency of shooting was found to be dependent on type of hormone.

THE SOURCES OF AUXIN HORMONE TO GROWTH OF SHOOT PINEAPPLE STEM CUTTING (Ananascomosus.L. Merr.)

The aim of this study was to select the best sources of auxin of which it can stimulate the growth of shoots Pineapple plant cuttings. This research is compiled in a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 6 replications. The Data were statistically Analyzed by the DMRT. Level of treatment given proves that no treatment 0%, cow urine concentration of 25%, young coconut water concentration of 25% and Rootone F 100 mg / cuttings. The results showed that cow urine concentrations of 25% and Rootone F 100 mg give the best results in stimulating the growth of shoots pineapple stem cuttings. Experimental results concluded that the effect of this natural hormone were better than the shoots without given hormone.

THE SOURCES OF AUXIN HORMONE TO GROWTH OF SHOOT PINEAPPLE STEM CUTTING (Ananascomosus.L. Merr.)

The aim of this study was to select the best sources of auxin of which it can stimulate the growth of shoots Pineapple plant cuttings. This research is compiled in a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 6 replications. The Data were statistically Analyzed by the DMRT. Level of treatment given proves that no treatment 0%, cow urine concentration of 25%, young coconut water concentration of 25% and Rootone F 100 mg / cuttings. The results showed that cow urine concentrations of 25% and Rootone F 100 mg give the best results in stimulating the growth of shoots pineapple stem cuttings. Experimental results concluded that the effect of this natural hormone were better than the shoots without given hormone.

The physicochemical characteristics and anaerobic degradability of desiccated coconut industry waste water.

Desiccated coconut industries (DCI) create various intermediates from fresh coconut kernel for cosmetic, pharmaceutical and food industries. The mechanized and non-mechanized DCI process between 10,000 and 100,000 nuts/day to discharge 6-150 m(3) of malodorous waste water leading to a discharge of 264-6642 kg chemical oxygen demand (COD) daily. In these units, three main types of waste water streams are coconut kernel water, kernel wash water and virgin oil waste water. The effluent streams contain lipids (1-55 g/l), suspended solids (6-80 g/l) and volatile fatty acids (VFA) at concentrations that are inhibitory to anaerobic bacteria. Coconut water contributes to 20-50% of the total volume and 50-60% of the total organic loads and causes higher inhibition of anaerobic bacteria with an initial lag phase of 30 days. The lagooning method of treatment widely adopted failed to appreciably treat the waste water and often led to the accumulation of volatile fatty acids (propionic acid) along with long-chain unsaturated free fatty acids. Biogas generation during biological methane potential (BMP) assay required a 15-day adaptation time, and gas production occurred at low concentrations of coconut water while the other two streams did not appear to be inhibitory. The anaerobic bacteria can mineralize coconut lipids at concentrations of 175 mg/l; however; they are severely inhibited at a lipid level of ≥350 mg/g bacterial inoculum. The modified Gompertz model showed a good fit with the BMP data with a simple sigmoid pattern. However, it failed to fit experimental BMP data either possessing a longer lag phase and/or diauxic biogas production suggesting inhibition of anaerobic bacteria.

Progressive Freeze Concentration of Coconut Water: Effect of Coolant Temperature on Process Efficiency and Heat Transfer

In this research, coconut water was concentrated by applying progressive freeze concentration (PFC) using coil crystallizer. Overall heat transfer coefficient (U) was analyzed from the process by varying different coolant temperature values since both of them are closely related. In this case, heat transfer efficiency depends strongly on ice crystal formed on the inner cooled surface and is explained theoretically from that angle. At optimum flowrate, operation time and initial concentration best results were observed at-10oC of coolant temperature where the concentration efficiency and effective partition constant (K) obtained were 48% and 0.2 respectively. Meanwhile, U obtained at the first and second stages were 183.0046 W/m2oC but dropped at lower value at later stage at 154.9625 W/m2oC due to ice fouling.

Enhancement of Sugar Content through Progressive Freeze Concentration: Effect of Initial Concentration

A new concentration technique is required to eliminate portion of water from coconut water (CW) and reduce the cost of storage, handling and shipping. As Progressive Freeze Concentration (PFC) could retain the nutritional compounds, it was applied to concentrate CW and enhance its sugar content. In PFC system, only a single block of ice is formed as a layer on the cooled surface. A coil stainless steel crystallizer was used as FC unit to investigate the enhancement of sugar content in CW. The effect of initial concentration of CW was then investigated on the performance of the PFC system through the Effective Partition Constant (K) value and increment of sugar content. It was found that lower initial concentration yielded lower K, which is favourable and high sugar content. The best K achieved was of 0.3101 and the highest sugar content increment acquired was 53% with the range of initial concentration investigated (3 to 5%Brix).

Progressive Freeze Concentration of Coconut Water: Effect of Circulation Flowrate and Circulation Time

Progressive freeze concentration integrated with a coil crystallizer was applied to concentrate coconut water in order to increase its sugar content. In progressive freeze concentration system, only a single ice is formed as a layer on cooled surface. It is introduced as an alternative in compensating the disadvantages of conventional method of freeze concentration, called suspension freeze concentration. In this research, the efficiency of the progressive freeze concentration system was determined through effective partition constant (K) value and percent increment of sugar content. Hence, the effect of circulation flowrate ranging from 2000 to 2800 ml/min and circulation time from 10 to 18 minutes on those two variables was then investigated through experiments designated using one factor at a time. From the experimental work, it was found that higher efficiency results at higher circulation flowrate of 2800 ml/min based on lower K and high percentage of sugar increment achieved. It was also found that the percentage of the sugar increment is high when the period given for circulating the solution is increased and the most suitable circulation time is 14 minutes.

Progressive Freeze Concentration of Coconut Water

In order to provide convenience for consumers around the world, it is highly beneficial if the nutritious coconut water (CW) could be concentrated and just easily be added with water for later consumption. A new concentration technique is required to eliminate some parts of the water from the CW while retaining its nutritious and unique aroma. As Progressive Freeze Concentration (PFC) could retain the nutritional compounds, it was applied to concentrate CW and reduce its volume. In PFC system, only a single block of ice is formed as a layer on the cooled surface. A coil stainless steel crystallizer was used as FC unit to investigate the enhancement of sugar content in CW. The effect of initial concentration of CW was then investigated on the performance of the PFC system through the Effective Partition Constant (K) value and increment of sugar content. It was found that low initial concentration and intermediate coolant temperature yielded lower K value and high increment of sugar content. The best K achieved was 0.3101 and the highest increment of sugar content was 53% at initial concentration of 3 %Brix and coolant temperature of 12°C.

Mass Propagation of an epiphytic orchid Acampe papillosa (Lindl.) through in vitro seed germination

A method of in vitro propagation of a medicinally important epiphytic orchid of NBU campus Acampe papillosa has been developed. Three different categories of media (1/2 MS, MS and Knudson C) were used for in vitro asymbiotic seed germination for conservation and commercial uses. Seed germination was observed in all the media without any growth supplement or additives although not efficiently. Seeds showed positive germination response in all the three media but the frequency and onset of germination, protocorm formation and associated morphogenic changes leading to plantlets establishment varied with the nature of additional growth stimulus. Different concentrations and combinations of auxin and cytokinins were used to enhance the germination and seedling development. The different concentration of coconut water (CW) was used as additive supplement in this study and 15% CW showed good germination within 22 days in KnC medium. Various concentrations and combinations of plant growth regulators BAP (1mg l-1 to 4 mg l-1), NAA (0.5 mg l-1 to 2 mg l-1) and IBA (0.5 mg l-1 to 2 mg l-1) were added into the three categories of media as growth stimulants. The induction of PLBs was observed in the absence of any exogenous supply of PGRs, but the addition of BAP (4 mg l-1) with KnC medium improved the shoot growth significantly and enhanced the PLBs development (95% efficiency) with highest shoot length (2.5 cm) after six months of culture. Minimum number of days was required for seedling development (148 days) when cultured into the KnC medium supplement with combinations of BAP (4 mg l-1) and IBA (2 mg l-1). Addition of small quantity of NAA (0.5 mg l-1to 2 mg l-1) was not improved the PLBs or seedling development in compared to BAP and IBA. Rooting was improved by addition of IBA (0.5 mg l-1 to 2 mg l-1) into the media. High rate of rooting efficiency was recorded when combinations of auxin and cytokinin was used. Frequency of rooting (95%) was studied in KnC medium containing BAP (4 mg l-1) and IBA (2 mg l-1). Seedling of 2.5 cm long with 3-4 leaves were transferred to earthen pot containing wood charcoal and coco peat for acclimatization under green house conditions. Hardened plantlets showed significantly high survival rate (81%) after seven months of transfer. Therefore, the present method of micro-propagation could be used successfully to propagate this important orchid for commercial production and conservation purposes.

Pengaruh Pemberian Air Kelapa dan Tipe Sambungan terhadap Keberhasilan Sambung Pucuk Durian (Durio zibethinus M.)

<p>Durian is a tropical native fruit from Indonesia with a distinctive flavor. Durian can be propagated durian generatively and vegetatively. Generative propagation of durian can be done by germinating seeds, which is vegetative propagation can be done by top grafting. Top grafting can be accelerated by the addition of plant growth regulators. Growth regulating substances in coconut water complex compounds are useful in differentiating cells. This study aimed to determine the effect of various concentrations of coconut water and the best type of grafting for the success of durian tops grafting. In this study was conducted in horticultural breeding centers Ranukitri Mojogedang Karanganyar April to September 2012. This research used Completely Randomized Design (CRD), which consisted of 2 types of treatment that top grafting, namely: cleft grafting, slash grafting, side grafting and coconut water concentration with 5 levels: 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100% with 5 replications, so that the total treatment was 75. The results showed that the type of cleft grafting was the best grafting type to be used for the success of top grafting compared with other grafting types. Treating coconut water with a concentration of 25% was able to optimize the growth of durian top grafting than other concentrations.</p>

PENGGUNAAN AIR KELAPA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PERKECAMBAHAN DAN PERTUMBUHAN PALEM PUTRI (VEITCHIA MERILUI)

The present study was aimed to Ttnd out the most effective concentration of coconut water on the seedgermination and seedling growth of Veitchia merillii. The study used two experiments: seed germination andseedling growth. The study used Completely Randomized Design with live coconut water concentrations: 0%(K„). 25% 50% (K,), 75% and 100% ( K > Data were subjected to analysis ot variance andDuncan's Multiple Range test at 95% significance level. The result showed thai seed soaking in coconutwater improved the germination percentage. The most cllective treatment in increasing the seed germinationis seed soaking in 75% coconut water concentration. Sprinkled the seedling with coconut water couldincrease plant height, length of leaf, and length of root, hut had not increase the number of leaf. There w as noliigniticant effect in coconut water concentration.

Asymbiotic seed germination and in vitro conservation of Coelogyne nervosa A. Rich. an endemic orchid to Western Ghats

Coelogyne nervosa is an epiphytic orchid endemic to Western Ghats, South India. The mature seeds of C. nervosa were cultured on ½ MS (Murashige and Skoog), MS, Kn (Knudson) and VW (Vacin and Went) media to evaluate the seed germination response. Of the four basal media used, MS medium supported maximum seed germination. Further experiments to enhance seed germination were done on MS medium supplemented with various concentrations (10, 20, 30 and 40%) of coconut water (CW). Thirty percent CW gave the highest response in terms of percent seed germination (96), fresh weight (7.2mg/seedling) and protocorm length (15.2mm). Since CW containing medium did not support further seedling growth, each seedling was isolated and cultured on MS medium supplemented with either BA (6-benzylaminopurine) or Kin (kinetin) alone (1.0-4.0mg/l each) or in combination with NAA (1-naphthaleneacetic acid; 0.2-1.0mg/l). Maximum growth was observed on MS medium supplemented with BA (3.0mg/l) and NAA (0.5mg/l). On this medium, the seedlings reached an average length of 3.6cm with 2.8 well expanded green leaves per seedling. Similarly optimum, healthy, white root induction (3.3 roots/seedlings) was also observed on the same medium. The rooted seedlings were successfully transplanted to pots with 91% success. The 2-year-old tissue culture derived plants produced normal flowers and fruits.

An Improved Plant Regeneration of Vanilla planifolia Andrews

Multiple shoots of Vanilla planifolia were induced from nodal explants under influence of different concentrations of plant growth regulators and coconut water (CW). A comparison of shoot regeneration between semi solid and liquid culture media was also investigated. Ninety seven per cent of the explants produced a mean number of 9.6 shoots with a mean shoot length of 4.70 cm when cultured on liquid MS supplemented with 1.0 mg/l BAP in combination of 15% CW. Shoots generated were rooted with frequency of 93% on MS supplemented with 1.0 mg/l NAA with a mean number of 2.9 roots per shoot and mean length of 4.0 cm within four weeks. The plantlets were transferred to sand : compost mixture (1 : 2) with 85.0% survival rate recorded after four weeks of acclimation. Key words: Regeneration, coconut water, nodal culture, vanilla D.O.I. 10.3329/ptcb.v21i1.9560 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 21(1): 27-33, 2011 (June)

Provision of low cost media options for in vitro culture of Celosia sp.

The composition of culture medium used for shoot regeneration has a great influence on cost of materials making of media. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of using four kinds of commercial starch or flour as alternative gelling agents and coconut water as an organic additive in the culture medium on the number of shoots produced for eight weeks in culture. Explants from stem segments of Celosia sp were cultured on medium containing either half strength of Murashige and Skoog (MS) or without MS combined with 100 g/l of each gelling agents and 70 ml/l coconut water. The findings showed that the use of young coconut water and alternative gelling agents have response to in vitro shoots regeneration of stem segments of Celosia sp. Higher revenue (12.33 ± 7.27) of shoots derived from stem segments results from the cultured media containing100 g/l of potato starch, 70 ml/l coconut water, household sugar and half strength concentration of MS (½ MS). Statistical analysis found no significant difference (P> 0.05) between culture media with different concentrations of MS with the number of shoots produced. The substitution of alternative gelling agents, use of coconut water and quantities of MS powder can reduce costs to medium preparation.

Effect of Coconut Water Concentration on Survival of Bench-Dried Periodontal Ligament Cells.

ABSTRACTBackground : Coconut water is a biological and sterile liquid. It contains a variety of electrolytes, sugars and amino acids. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of concentration and maturity of coconut water on its ability to preserve human PDL cell viability after exposure to dry time of up to 120 minutes using an in vitro cell culture model.Methods : PDL cells were obtained from sound permanent first molars which were cultured in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM). Cultures were subjected to 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes dry periods then incubated with 100 and 50% young and mature coconut water for 45 minutes at room temperature (18-26°C). Untreated cells at 0 and 120 minutes, and cells incubated in DMEM served as controls. PDL cell viability was assessed by MTT assay. Statistical analysis of data was accomplished by using one-way analysis of variance complemented by Tukey test, and the level of significance was 5% (p < 0.05).Results : 100% mature coconut water (MCW) was better than 50% dilutions obtained from mature or young coconuts. However, no significant benefit to the cells was noticed from the addition of the soaking step prior to 30 minutes dry time.Conclusion : Avulsed teeth which are left dry for > 30 minutes may be benefited from soaking in 100% mature coconut water; further studies on simulated avulsion in animal models are needed to verify the above results.

EXPLOITING A BENEFIT OF COCONUT MILK SKIM IN COCONUT OIL PROCESS AS NATA DE COCO SUBSTRATE

A research to know influence of mixing concentration of coconut water and sucrose concentration to coconut milk skim as nata de coco substrate has been conducted. The variation was taken from mixing coconut water (0%, 25%, 35% and 50% and 100% as control) and the sucrose concentration (0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2%). Coconut milk skim boiled before used as substrat, yielded a coconut protein (blondo). The result of research showed that coconut milk skim can be used as nata de coco substrate with mixing coconut water and sucrose addition, mixing 50 % concentration coconut water representing optimum concentration. The content of crude fibre nata was yielded by higher concentration of sucrose, while mixing concentration coconut water do not influence crude fibre content. Keyword: Coconut milk skim, substrate, nata de coco