Coconut Powder Research Articles

PSV-18 Effect of Feeding Fermented Soybean Meal with Coconut Oil (Cocosoya) on the Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Fecal Score, Gas Emission and Blood Profile in Weaning Pigs

Abstract A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of fermented soybean meal (FSBM) with coconut oil on growth performance in weaning pigs. A total of 80 crossbred weanling pigs [42 days old] with average body weight (BW) of 6.52 ± 0.59 kg were used in a 6-week experiment trial. Pigs were blocked based on BW and sex and randomly allotted to 1 of 4 dietary treatments [5 pigs per pen (2 barrows and 3 gilts); 4 pens per treatment]. Treatments consisted of pigs fed: 1) CON, a basal diet with 2% coconut powder; 2) basal diet with a 3% cocosoya 3) basal diet with a 6% cocosoya 4) basal diet with 9% cocosoya. The supplementation of increasing levels of cocosoya to diet weaning pigs linearly increased (P = 0.05) the BW at week 1, 3 and 6 compared with the pigs fed the control diet. The average daily gain (ADG) and gain: feed (G:F) ratio was linearly increased (P < 0.05) during day 1to7. The ADG, average daily feed intake (ADFI) and G: F was linearly increased (P < 0.05) during day 8 to 21 were observed with the increase in the supplemental of cocosoya. The ADG and ADFI linearly increased (P < 0.05) during day 22 to 42. The overall ADG, ADFI and G:F was linearly increased (P < 0.05) in pigs fed increasing levels of cocosoya during overall experimental period. The creatinine was linearly increased (P < 0.05) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentration were trend to increase (P < 0.05) in pigs fed increasing levels of cocosoya during day 22. Thus, the supplementation of FSMB has beneficial effects on the growth performance and immunity and it may help to overcome the stress faced by the weaning piglets during the transition of liquid to solid feed intake.

Influence of drying heat treatments on the mechanical behavior and physico-chemical properties of mycelial biocomposite

The manufacture of mycelial matrix biocomposite and vegetable reinforcement involves control of the substrate proportion, choice of isolate and drying conditions. The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of different drying heat treatments on the mechanical, physical, chemical and thermal responses of the biocomposite composed by the fungal isolate Pycnoporus sanguineus associated with coconut powder and wheat bran. The mycelium grew randomly on the substrate, degraded it and acted as a binder between the particles. In addition, a dense and compact mycelial network was formed on the surface. The time and temperature significantly affected physical, mechanical properties and microstructure of the biocomposite. Overall, a lightweight biocomposite was obtained with a compressive strength between 134 and 200 kPa.

Potencial dos substratos pó-de-coco e casca de pinus compostada na promoção de crescimento de mudas de umbuzeiro

The objective of this work was to evaluate the potential of the processed coconut fiber (coconut powder) and composted pine bark, isolated and in combination, in promoting the growth of umbuzeiro seedlings. This work was conducted in a greenhouse in a completely randomized block experimental design, with five treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted of the following formulations, in volumetric proportions: 100% pine bark (CP); 75% CP + 25% coconut powder (PC); 50% CP + 50% CP; 25% CP + 75% CP and; 100% PC). The coconut powder substrates or the formulation containing 75% coconut powder + 25% composted pine bark provided Imbu seedlings with higher vegetative quality. The lower density, higher total porosity and higher percentage of available water were the physical characteristics of the substrates that most influenced the growth of Imbu seedlings.

Antioxidant activity of seaweed (Eucheuma cottonii) and coconut (Cocos nucifera) masks

The processing of agricultural products is one of the pillars of the development of agro-industry in an area. In LabuhanKertasari Village, the main products from the agricultural sector are seaweed, hybrid maize, and coconut. However, farmers only sell agricultural products in the form of raw materials without processing them first. Processed products certainly have a higher economic value than raw materials. For this reason, this research was conducted to process seaweed and coconut into masks which were then tested for the antioxidant activity of the masks that were processed. The research conducted was a laboratory experimental study where seaweed and coconut were first processed into a powder. The treatment given is processing seaweed into powder with an alkaline process and without an alkaline process. Then, mixing seaweed powder and coconut powder with three ratios, namely seaweed powder: coconut powder (1: 1, 2: 1, 3: 1). The results showed that the antioxidant activity of the masks 1: 1, 2: 1, 3: 1 were 743,9 respectively; 513.69; and 406.23 (with alkaline seaweed powder) and 193.67; 174.09; and 149.10 (with seaweed powder without alkalization). The result showed that a mask with a ratio of 3: 1 without the alkalization process is the mask with the highest antioxidant activity value and suitable for the skin.

Modeling of moisture sorption isotherm and evaluation of net isosteric heat for spray-dried fortified coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) powder

PurposeIn order to understand interactionsawvs equilibrium moisture content (EMC) in fortified coconut powder, moisture sorption isotherms were constructed under different storage conditions in order to predict the changes in their physical, chemical and microbiological properties that occur during storage and processing, which are unique to each food.Design/methodology/approachFor which the moisture sorption isotherms were determined at three different temperatures (15, 25 and 35 °C), in a range of water activity from 0.1 to 0.90. Nine models, namely, the GAB, BET, Oswin, Smith, Halsey, Henderson, Chung and Pfost, Peleg and Caurie equations, were fitted to the sorption data. Various statistical tests were adopted as criteria to evaluate the fit performance of the models.FindingsOf the models tested, the Peleg model gave the best fit to experimental data (R2 = 0.997;RMSE = 0.276), across the full range of water activities and at different temperatures. Humidity of the monolayer (mo) was found between 2.54 and 2.34%, a fundamental parameter to define the storage and control conditions, given that it is considered the value at which the product is more stable. The net sorption isosteric heat (Qst) increased to maximum and then diminished with increased moisture content (Xw); maximum values were obtained in theXwinterval between 0.48 and 2.87% (db), being between 35.72 and 99.26 kJ/mol, where the maximum value indicates coverage of the strongest bond sites and higher adsorbate-adsorbent interaction.Originality/valueThese results provide reliable experimental data on water absorption isotherms of the CP + FAC important to determine optimal processing, storing and packaging conditions.

The Utilization Of Cocopeat As Environmentally Friendly Composite

The purpose of this study was to find environmentally friendly-based composite materials by utilizing natural materials that have been underutilized. The environmentally friendly composite is biodegradable which means that if it is not used it can decompose and will not affect or damage the environment. Not all natural ingredients are environmentally friendly; this depends on the application of the material. Composites made from cocopeat utilization can be applied to broad technical requirements. The maximum composite tensile strength test results were 13,473 MPa obtained in composites with 60% matrix with 40% coconut powder, shape and size using ASTM D638-3 and average impact strength 0,00994 J/mm2 obtained from composite 60% matrix with coconut powder 40 % the shape and size using ASTM D790-3, the process of using hand lay up. Adding a polyester matrix to the composite can increase the mechanical strength of the composite. On the other hand, excessive coconut powder in the mass fraction composite will reduce its mechanical strength. The observation of SEM photos in coconut powder shows the pores that can be used further to tie more matrices and able to increase the mechanical strength of the coconut powder composite.

Nanostructured LiFe5O8 by a Biogenic Method for Applications from Electronics to Medicine.

The physical properties of the cubic and ferrimagnetic spinel ferrite LiFe5O8 has made it an attractive material for electronic and medical applications. In this work, LiFe5O8 nanosized crystallites were synthesized by a novel and eco-friendly sol-gel process, by using powder coconut water as a mediated reaction medium. The dried powders were heat-treated (HT) at temperatures between 400 and 1000 °C, and their structure, morphology, electrical and magnetic characteristics, cytotoxicity, and magnetic hyperthermia assays were performed. The heat treatment of the LiFe5O8 powder tunes the crystallite sizes between 50 nm and 200 nm. When increasing the temperature of the HT, secondary phases start to form. The dielectric analysis revealed, at 300 K and 10 kHz, an increase of (≈10 up to ≈14) with a almost constant (≈0.3) with the increase of the HT temperature. The cytotoxicity results reveal, for concentrations below 2.5 mg/mL, that all samples have a non-cytotoxicity property. The sample heat-treated at 1000 °C, which revealed hysteresis and magnetic saturation of 73 emu g−1 at 300 K, showed a heating profile adequate for magnetic hyperthermia applications, showing the potential for biomedical applications.

Dormancy Breaking and the Influence of Temperature, Substrate and Light on Germination of Colubrina glandulosa Seeds

This study aimed to define a methodology that, when combined with temperature, can overcome the dormancy and also to determine the adequate substrate and light conditions for germination of Colubrina glandulosa Perkins, contributing to seed analysis and restoration projects. In the experiment of dormancy and temperature, seeds were immersed in sulfuric acid for 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 minutes and set to germinate at temperatures of 20-30 °C, 25 °C and 30 °C. The used substrates were sand, vermiculite, Tropstrato® substrate, coconut powder, blotting paper and paper towel. As for the light supplied, the seeds were subjected to four luminosity regimes: white light, far-red light, red light and light absence. Temperatures of 20-30 °C and 30 °C achieved better results, with exposure in sulfuric acid for 120 and 150 minutes. The substrates sand and vermiculite were the most suitable. The species germinated in all light regimes treatments used.

Carciniculture solid waste increases the morphophysiological characteristics of tomato seedlings

Appropriate waste handling is a concern in the fishing industry, seeking to minimize harm to the environment. This study aimed to evaluate vegetative growth at different concentrations of solid residue from shrimp farming in tomato seedlings. Tomato seeds cv. Santa Clara were sown in trays with substrate, until uniform germination and further development for transplant. The concentrations of the shrimp residue were mixed with coconut powder for use in the following treatments: coconut powder (control), 5, 10, 15 and 20 g of shrimp residue, with 8 replicates per treatment. After 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after transplant, the number of leaves and the length of the aerial part were evaluated. At the 50th day, the remaining phytotechnical, physiological and X-ray microanalysis characteristics were evaluated. The three parts of the solid residues were rich in macro and micronutrientes (Fe > Zn > Ca > S > P > Mn > Na > Mg > K > N). The plants grown with different concentrations of shrimp residue had a significant difference for the photosynthetic rate and transpiratory rate, starting at 10 g kg-1. The use of the P3 shrimp residue (cephalothorax + abdomen) was promising and could replace the use of fertilizers in the development of plants, reducing the amount of material released to the environment and easing degradation. The concentration of 10 g kg-1 of shrimp residue was efficient for the morphophysiological development of the tomato plants cv. Santa Clara.

Efeito atenuador do silício no desenvolvimento inicial de amendoim submetido ao estresse por alumínio e salinidade

Peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) is an oleaginous crop with great potential for human consumption, production of biofuels and forage, and may expand to new cultivation areas that present limitations to its growth, such as high concentration of aluminum (Al) and salinity. This work was carried out with the objective of verifying if silicon (Si) linked to seed treatment attenuates the effects of salinity and Al toxicity in the initial development of peanut plants. Two experiments were carried out in a completely randomized design, in a 3x2 factorial scheme, with three concentrations of Al3+ (0; 54 and 216 mg.L-1) or three concentrations of salinity (0, 30 and 60 µM of NaCl), in the absence and presence of calcium silicate (0.0 and 200 µM) in the seed treatment, and the seeds were immersed for 40 min in a 1.0 mmol.L-1 calcium silicate solution, with four repetitions per treatment. While the seeds were immersed for 40 min. controls were immersed in distilled water, with four replications per treatment. After the imbibition process, one seed was sown per pot (300 mL), which were filled with coconut powder substrate. Plants were cultivated in nutrient solution for 30 days containing the appropriate treatments. At the end of this period, the growth parameters were verified through the evaluations of height, root length, number of leaflets and shoot and root dry mass. Young peanut plants showed sensitivity to salinity and Al toxicity, with a deleterious effect on growth, evidenced by the drop in plant development, highlighting the results of roots and leaves in the saline stress treatments. Thus, seed treatment with Si contributed to the attenuation of stressors.

Development of technology for powdered soy milk with the addition of coconut powder

Soy is a cultivated herb that is high in vitamins, minerals, and other elements that provide many health benefits. The main reason why this product is valued is complete proteins, which are almost as nutritious as animal proteins. The problem of this study is that the market for soy products represents a large assortment of products; however, products with no lactose are produced insufficiently and in limited quantities. In connection with the presence of certain problems in this industry, the purpose of the study was the technology of developing dry soy milk with the addition of coconut powder, which makes it possible to expand the range of products that meet the needs of the population. Therefore, a technological line for the production of powdered soy milk with additives is proposed, consisting of the main operations: preparation of raw materials for further processing, drying and peeling of soybeans, grinding, adding components, dosing powders, mixing, filling, and packaging the finished product. The obtained results show that during the storage of dry soy milk with the addition of coconut powder and a food additive, its flowability does not change.

The effect of vegetal mulching on soil surface temperature in semiarid Brazil

Summary Understanding the temporal and spatial dynamic of soil temperature is crucial for agriculture, since it affects soil evaporation and soil biological activity, influencing seed germination, root growth and absorption of water and nutrients by crops, and ultimately the runoff process. Mulching is one of the most applied soil and water conservation method for soil moisture and soil temperature variations control. This study aimed to investigate the influence of three different mulch types (dried elephant grass straw, dried cashew tree leaves and coconut powder or coir dust), applied with three area densities (2, 4 and 8 t ha−1), on the soil surface temperature, under field conditions in the Brazilian semiarid region. Soil temperature monitoring was carried out using thermocouple sensors and an infrared camera in the Brazilian semiarid region. Results show that mulching provided a buffer zone, dampened soil temperature fluctuations over time, mainly for the 8 t ha−1 density. Mulching reduced soil temperature during the hotter period of the day and increased soil temperature during the night period.

Coconut powder and fiber as substrate components for the production seedlings of caatinga species

A viable alternative for the final disposal of Cocos nucifera L. waste is its use in the production of substrates to grow seedlings of vegetal species. We carried out an experiment at the Federal Institute of Ceará, Quixadá campus, to assess the technical viability of this alternative. During the experiment, seedlings of Caatinga species (Libidibia ferrea, Cenostigma pyramidale, and Amburana cearenses) were planted in the following treatments: T0 - 70% soil + 30% bovine manure, T1 - 70% soil + 20% bovine manure + 10% coconut powder, and T2 - 70% soil + 20% bovine manure + 10% coconut fiber. In each treatment, we used ten seedlings per species, in a completely randomized design. First, we calculated the percentage of emergence, then, monthly, we measured the height and diameter of seedlings. After four months of the experiment, we analyzed the investment in morphometric characteristics. The use of coconut waste favored the emergence percentage of L. ferrea and C. pyramidale, but not A. cearenses. The presence of coconut powder provided an increase in maximum height and diameter, primary root length, wood density, and dry matter content in L. ferrea seedlings, and a higher dry matter content in the wood and secondary roots of C. pyramidale seedlings. Thus, we concluded that the use of coconut waste, mainly powder, has positive or neutral effects on the growth of L. ferrea and C. pyramidale seedlings, besides being an environmentally suitable alternative for the final disposal of this material.

Sugar apple seedling production as a function of substrates and slow-release fertilizer

There is still a lack of studies on the effect of slow-release fertilizers and substrates on the production of high-quality sugar apple seedlings. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate the quality and biomass of sugar apple seedlings grown in organic substrates at doses of slow-release fertilizer. The experimental design was randomized blocks in split-plot scheme, with four replicates and eleven plants per plot. Substrates were evaluated in the plots (fresh sugarcane bagasse; enriched sugarcane bagasse; coconut powder; commercial organic substrate Tropstrato®), whereas the doses of the slow-release fertilizer Osmocote® were evaluated in the subplots (0; 3; 6; 9; 12 and 15 kg m-3 of substrate). Substrates and slow-release fertilizer doses had effect on the formation of sugar apple seedlings. The effect of slow-release fertilizer is influenced by the substrate used in the formation of sugar apple seedlings. The substrate coconut powder showed the best performance for E%, NL and LAI in sugar apple plants, which reinforces its recommendation to be used in seedling production. For the studied conditions, based on the DQI, we recommend coconut powder associated with the slow-release fertilizer dose of 9 kg m-3 to produce sugar apple seedlings.

Physical Characteristics of Amorphous and Crystalline Coconut Sugar Powder with the Addition of Tricalcium Phosphate (TCP) as an Anticaking Agent.

The coconut sugar powder produced by vacuum drying and conventional method has high hygroscopicity due to its high sugar content (mostly sucrose). Therefore, it is easier for caking to occur during storage. An anticaking agent such as tricalcium phosphate was therefore added to the powder to maintain its stability. The purpose of this research was to determine the physical characteristics of amorphous and crystalline coconut sugar after the addition of tricalcium phosphate (TCP) in different concentrations. The two types of coconut sugar were prepared by the conventional method, which gave it a predominantly crystalline structure, and the vacuum drying method, which gave it a mainly amorphous structure. The TCP at concentrations 0, 0.5%, and 1% was added to both types of the coconut sugar. The addition of the anticaking agent affected the water sorption of coconut sugar by decreasing the monolayer water content for both types of coconut sugar. TCP seemed to give more significant effect on decreasing the hygroscopicity of crystalline coconut sugar than the amorphous one, while similar trends were obtained in increasing flow ability of both types of coconut sugar. The capacity of TCP to cover the surface of the host coconut powder was proposed as the mechanism of TCP in decreasing hygroscopicity and increasing flow ability of the host powder.

Sperm vitrification of Prochilodus brevis using Powder Coconut Water (ACP‐104) in association with different cryoprotectant concentrations

The present study aims to evaluate the vitrification of the sperm of Prochilodus brevis. Six pools were made and diluted in media composed of 5% glucose (Experiment 1) or Powder Coconut Water (ACP-104; Experiment 2) associated with dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) or ethylene glycol (EG), or its association (DMSO + EG), in concentrations of 10%, 20% or 30%. Diluted samples were vitrified, stored in liquid nitrogen, devitrified after 15 days and evaluated for kinetics, morphology and plasmatic membrane (PMI) and sperm DNA (SDI) integrity. The experiments were conducted and evaluated independently of each other. No differences (p > 0.05) were found for the kinetics and morphology parameters in both experiments. The other parameters recorded interaction between cryoprotectants and their concentrations. The best PMI results (p < 0.05) were for glucose with 10% EG (19.75 ± 2.40) and ACP-104 with 30% EG (46.92 ± 4.59). The best SDI rates (p < 0.05) were observed when glucose (45.43 ± 5.07) and ACP-104 (71.83 ± 3.62) were associated with 30% EG. It is possible to conclude that vitrification has great potential for P. brevis sperm conservation; thus, we suggest using the association between ACP-104 and 30% EG.

Degradation kinetics during storage of vitamins and antioxidants in coconut powder

Degradation kinetic parameters in vitamins and antioxidants in coconut powder fortified with functionally active compounds (CP+FAC) during storage represents a valuable tool to predict the product’s shelf life. The aim of this research was to evaluate the degradation kinetics during storage of vitamins (C, D3, and E), total phenols, and properties associated to antioxidant activity. Vitamins were quantified via high-resolution liquid chromatography and the antioxidant activity through DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging activity. An experimental design was used with two-factor factorial design: 1) storage time (tS) and 2) treatment: temperature (TA) - type of packaging (N2 and atmospheric air), where the dependent variables were adjusted to zero-, first-, and second-order kinetic models. In general, losses of FAC were significant with respect to the factors evaluated and their interactions, with minor changes at lower TA and packaged with N2, indicating that the degradation kinetics of the FAC is slower under these storage conditions. Increased storage temperature reduced FACstability, where the Arrhenius equation was able to quantify the effect of temperature of the rate of deterioration reactions of the FAC.

Development of Anadenanthera colubrina Seedlings Subjected to Different Doses of Coconut Powder and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal for Rehabilitation of Mining Areas

The objective of this work was to evaluate the development of angico [Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan] seedlings produced with different doses of coconut powder and inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in nursery and mining degraded area in the state of Sergipe (Brazil). The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with the following proportions of mineral substrate and coconut powder, with and without AMF. Angico growth was evaluated in nursery after 150 days, and height and diameter were evaluated. Later the seedlings were planted in a degraded area by sand and gravel mining and after 120 days of planting the height, diameter and survival rate were measured. In the nursery phase, the addition of coconut powder promoted a reduction in height and diameter of angico seedlings. Inoculation with AMF significantly increased the height and diameter of Anadenanthera colubrina seedlings in the nursery. However, the field phase results show that the addition of coconut powder to the substrate promotes better development in height and diameter of Anadenanthera colubrina seedlings in the mining degraded area. The conjugation of a low proportion of coconut powder with the inoculation of AMF on Anadenanthera colubrina seedlings resulted in higher survival in the planting of degraded area by mining.

Use of mycorrhizal fungi releases the application of organic fertilizers to increase the production of leaf vitexin in yellow passion fruit

Low-cost organic fertilizers, such as coconut powder and vermicompost, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) may benefit the Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa plant. However, it has not been established whether the joint application of these inputs may increase the production of vitexin and other molecules associated with the phytotherapeutic properties of this plant. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the application of AMF and organic fertilizers maximizes the production of bioactive compounds in leaves of P. edulis. The inoculation of Acaulospora longula into P. edulis grown in fertilization-free soil promoted an increase of 86% in the concentration of leaf vitexin, 10.29% in the concentration of total phenols, and 13.78% in the concentration of total tannins in relation to the AMF-free control, rendering soil fertilization superfluous. The application of A. longula increases the production of foliar biomolecules, such as vitexin, in yellow passion fruit plants. Thus, the addition of coconut powder and vermicompost to the substrate composition is not necessary, leading to the commercialized production of phytomass in the herbal medicines industry. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.

PENGARUH APLIKASI BIOCOCOTIN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN SAWI PADA TANAH PASIR PESISIR PANTAI

The great potential in coastal sandy lands is followed by various problems and limiting factors that cause the acceleration of land use for agricultural purpose run very slowly. To overcome these limiting factors, appropriate modification and implementation of innovation is needed, namely the providing of soil conditioning materials, such as organic matter. One source of organic material that is still very rarely used, affordable, easy and cheap and simple in its application is the waste of coconut powder and human waste which we call biococotin. Providing of biococotin in coastal sandy lands decreases basic pH near neutral, increasing levels of N, P, K, C-Organic and cation exchange capacity has decreased from 7.20 to 6.40%. N levels increased from 0.021% to 0.17%, P-available increased from 2.52 ppm to 20.13 ppm, K levels increased from 2.52 cmol (+) to 9.35 cmol (+) and CEC increased from 4, 04 cmol (+) / kg becomes 7.07 cmol (+) / kg. The best growth parameters (plant height, number of leaves, longest leaf length and longest leaf width) are shown by treatment 2 which is half the dose of NPK and biococotin. The best average planting weight and yield per ha is shown by treatment 2, which is half the dose of NPK and biococotin, which is 44.03 grams / plant and 26.41 tons / ha bicocotin. Keywords : Biococotin, Coastal area, Cocopeat