Coated Samples Research Articles

144 Lack of correspondence between commercial genetic test variants for type 2 polysaccharide storage myopathy and a histopathologic diagnosis in Quarter Horses

A diagnosis of type 2 polysaccharide storage myopathy (PSSM2) in Quarter Horse-related breeds (QH) is currently based on the absence of the glycogen synthase 1 ( GYS1) mutation causing type 1 PSSM (PSSM1) and presence of aggregates polysaccharide in myofibers. Recently, genetic tests for PSSM2 have been offered by a commercial company based on variants in the genes myotilin (termed P2), filamin C (P3) and myozenin 3 (P4). The company claims these variants are associated with PSSM2 as phenotyped by clinical signs without regard to muscle histopathology. The purpose of this study was to compare genotype and allele frequencies of commercial test variants (P variants) in MYOT (P2; rs1138656462), FLNC (P3a; rs1139799323 and P3b; rs1142918816) and MYOZ3 (P4; rs1142544043) between Quarter Horses diagnosed with PSSM2 by muscle histopathology and healthy Quarter Horse controls with normal muscle histology (periodic acid Schiff's stain). DNA was isolated from hair bulb, buffy coat, whole blood or muscle tissue samples. Primers were designed and genotyping performed using pyrosequencing. Genotypes at each locus (homozygous reference vs. heterozygous, homozygous alternate) were compared between PSSM2 (n = 54, 7.6 ± 4.2 y) and control horses (n = 121, 9.8 ± 5.7 y) using a Fisher's exact test ( P ≤ 0.05). There was no significant association between any P locus and a histopathological diagnosis of PSSM2. Minor allele frequencies (cases/controls) were: 20%/27% (P2), 13%/10% (P3a), 11%/9% (P3b)/and 11%/10% (P4). The P2 variant was present in 48% of control and 33% of PSSM2 Quarter Horses. In conclusion, the P2, P3a, P3b and P4 commercial test variants appear to be relatively common variants in Quarter Horses not associated with a diagnosis of PSSM2 established by muscle biopsy.

Molecular analysis of black coatings and anointing fluids from ancient Egyptian coffins, mummy cases, and funerary objects

Black organic coatings and ritual deposits on ancient Egyptian coffins and cartonnage cases are important and understudied sources of evidence about the rituals of funerary practice. Sometimes, the coatings were applied extensively over the surface of the coffin, resembling paint; in other cases, they were poured over the mummy case or wrapped body, presumably as part of a funerary ritual. For this study, multiple samples of black coatings and ritual liquids were taken from 20 Egyptian funerary items dating to a specific time period (c. 943 to 716 BC). Multiple sampling from each object enabled several comparisons to be made: the variability of the black coating within one application, the variability between two applications on one object, and the variability from object to object. All samples were analyzed for lipids using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and 51 samples from across the 20 items were further analyzed for the presence of bitumen using solid phase separation followed by selected ion monitoring GC-MS. The majority of the black substances were found to comprise a complex mixture of organic materials, including bitumen from the Dead Sea, conifer resin, and Pistacia resin, providing evidence for a continuation in international trade between Egypt and the eastern Mediterranean after the Late Bronze Age. Both the coating and the anointing liquid are very similar to mummification balms, pointing to parallels with Egyptian embalming rituals and raising questions about the practical aspects of Egyptian funerary practice.

Blood transcriptome profiling as potential biomarkers of suboptimal health status: potential utility of novel biomarkers for predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine strategy.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13167-021-00238-1.

Layer-by-layer coated silicone-based soft contact lens hydrogel for diclofenac sustained release

Introduction Soft contact lenses (SCLs) constitute a promising vehicle for ocular drug delivery due to their biocompatibility, prolonged contact with the eye and general acceptance. Soaking in the drug solution is the simplest method to load the drug into the SCLs. However, it usually does not ensure a controlled drug release, compatible with the therapeutic needs. Thus, additional approaches, such as the application of coatings on the SCLs that constitute a barrier to the drug release, have been tried to achieve that purpose [1]. The main goal of this work is to investigate the possibility of using a layer-by-layer (LbL) coating strategy, with alginate, chitosan and hyaluronic acid (ALG/CHI/HA) to get a controlled release of diclofenac from silicon based hydrogels. Materials and methods A lab-made silicon-based hydrogel intended for SCLs was loaded by soaking with the anti-inflammatory (diclofenac, DCF) and coated layer-by-layer (LbL) by immersion in solutions of alginate, chitosan and hyaluronic acid. Material properties such as transmittance, wettability, ionic permeability and swelling were studied. Drug release experiments were carried out under sink conditions (3 mL NaCl aqueous solution 130 mM, 36 °C, 180 rpm stirring). The coating stability and lysozyme-coating interaction was evaluated by quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D). A mathematical model was applied to predict the in vivo efficacy of the coated lenses. Chorioallantoic membrane (HET-CAM) tests were carried out to predict potential ocular irritation. Results The coating did not impair the studied physico-chemical properties, relevant for the application of the material in SCLs. HET-CAM tests did not suggest any potential for ocular irritation of both uncoated and coated samples. QCM-D data revealed the stability of the deposited layers and no adsorption of the protein. DCF release kinetics was controlled by the presence of the coating. The DCF concentration profile in the tear fluid estimated from the mathematical model predicts values above the half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) for cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) during more than 2 weeks, for the coated hydrogels, while for the uncoated such levels are only expected in the first day of release. Discussion and conclusions ALG/CHI/HA LBL coated silicon hydrogels present adequate properties to be used in DCF releasing SCLs. They reveal an antifouling behaviour against lysozyme, one of the most abundant protein in lacrimal fluid. In vitro studies suggest that such system has potential to be used in the production of efficient therapeutic SCLs.

A study on the oxidation and electrical behavior of crofer 22 APU solid oxide fuel cell interconnects with Ni-Co-CeO2 composite coating

A protective/conductive coating can be used to limit the formation of chromia in ferritic steel interconnects in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). One of the most promising candidates for restricting chromia formation is the addition of reactive elements oxides to the coating. Here in, Ni-Co-CeO2 composite coating was applied to Crofer 22 APU alloy via the electroless method. The oxidation and electrical behavior of uncoated and coated samples were evaluated at 800 °C. The coating structure was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Results showed Cr2O3-scale thicknesses, and a reduction in oxidation rates for Ni-Co-CeO2-coated samples compared to uncoated samples. Also, area specific resistance (ASR) results indicated that the formation of NiFe2O4, (Mn,Ni)2O4, Co3O4, and CoFe2O4 compositions and the presence of CeO2 reduced ASR. The ASR values of Ni-Co-CeO2 coated and uncoated Crofer 22 APU alloy after 300 h of isothermal oxidation at 800 °C was 11.8 mΩ cm2 and 35.7 mΩ cm2, respectively.

Preparation, characterization and testing of flame retardant cotton cellulose material: flame retardancy, thermal stability and flame-retardant mechanism

It is significant to treat cotton fabrics with flame retardant, which can effectively protect them from damage in the fire. A novel reactive flame retardant coating, ammonium salt of N,N-dimethylene-piperazine-(methylphosphonic acid) (ASNDP), was prepared and employed to enhance the anti-burning effect of pure cotton fabrics. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum were used to analyze the chemical composition of the synthesized ASNDP. The combustion behavior and anti-burning performance of coated cotton fabrics were fully investigated with using cone calorimetry test, limited oxygen index (LOI) test and vertical flammability test. The total heat release value of the sample coated with ASNDP (450 g/L) decreased to 3.7 ± 0.1 MJ/m2 and the LOI value of the sample with a weight gain of 17.4 ± 0.3% raised to 29.5 ± 0.1%. The thermal and thermo-oxidative stability of coated cotton fabrics were researched with thermogravimetric analysis. The integral procedural decomposition temperature (IPDT) value of coated cotton fabrics in nitrogen atmosphere increased from 610.1 to 1402.8 °C, which proved that ASNDP inhibited the thermal degradation of fiber unit by promoting the growth of the char layer. Besides, the morphological structure of uncoated and coated samples before and after combustion was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. It can be observed that the fiber skeleton of the coated cotton fabrics was evenly distributed and remained intact after combustion. The conclusion was that ASNDP endowed cotton fabrics with good flame retardancy, and effectively performed the flame-retardant effect in both gas phase and the condensed phase. A novel phosphorus–nitrogen synergistic flame retardant containing multiple reactive groups was successfully synthesized and applied to improve the flame retardancy and thermal stability of pure cotton fabrics.

Ultrasonic-assisted electrodeposition of Ni/diamond composite coatings and its structure and electrochemical properties

Ni/diamond composite coatings have been synthesized by ultrasonic-assisted electrodeposition in a Ni electroplating bath containing diamond nanoparticles. The influences of current density and ultrasonic agitation on the coating composition, morphology, topography, phase structure, and electrochemical characteristics of the electrodeposits were evaluated. Ultrasonic agitation was provided using an external ultrasonic bath at a frequency of 40 kHz and acoustic power of 300 W. Coating samples were also prepared under magnetic stirring for comparison with the ultrasonic-assisted deposits. This work reveals that the diamonds have been incorporated and evenly distributed in the composites. The coatings exhibit dense, granular like morphology with pyramid-like grains. As current density increases, the diamond amount of ultrasonic-assisted electrodeposits first increased to maximum of 11.4 wt% at 3 A dm−2 and then decreases to 9.9 wt% at 5 A dm−2, and the RTC of the preferred orientation (200) plane increases from 76.3% up to 93.4%. The crystallite size was 60–80 nm and the Ra of the magnetic and ultrasonic agitations were 116 nm, 110 nm, respectively. The maximum Rp of 39.9, 50.3 kΩ cm2 was obtained at 4 A dm−2 when respectively immersed 30 min and 7 days, illustrating the best corrosion resistance of the coatings of 4 A dm−2. The effects of mechanical and ultrasonic agitations on the mechanism of the co-electrodeposition process were both proposed. The incorporation of diamond particles enhances the hardness and wear-resisting property of the electrodeposits. The ultrasonic-assisted electrodeposited Ni/diamond coating has better corrosion resistance than that prepared under mechanical stirring conditions.

Wear resistance of adaptive arc-PVD Ti-Al-Mo-Ni-N coatings under impact loading and hydroabrasive wear

The behavior of Ti-Al-Mo-Ni-N coatings obtained by arc-PVD deposition under conditions of impact loading and hydroabrasive wear is studied. Nanostructured coatings samples with a thickness of 4 µm with a modulation period of 30 nm and hardness of 45 GPa were obtained. Under impact loading, the coating performs a protective function up to 105 loading cycles of 250 N without opening the substrate, and during hydroabrasive tests, after 3 hours of exposure to a flow at a speed of 8.5 m/s, there is a spot wear on the coating surface, opening minor segments oft the substrate area. It is shown that the introduction of Ni into the Ti-Al-Mo-N system leads to the appearance of coating failure by brittle mechanism with delamination and opening of the substrate under significant loads in the case of impact and hydroabrasive wear.

Co-deposition of micro- and nano-sized SnO2 particles in the Zn-matrix composite coatings produced from a Zn-sulphate bath by electroplating

The Zn-coating and Zn-composite coatings were produced by electroplating technique. The Zn-composite coatings are generated with the co-deposition of SnO 2 microparticles and SnO 2 nanoparticles. The deposit characteristics of coated samples have been depicted by SEM photo-micrographs and contact angle study. The corrosion behavior of the prepared coated samples was evaluated by electrochemical tests such as polarization (Tafel) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The bare Zn-coating shows a more negative E corr value (−1.121 V vs SCE) whereas, Zn-nano SnO 2 composite coating exhibited less negative E corr (−1.084 V vs SCE) compared to E corr (−1.091 V vs SCE) of Zn-micro SnO 2 composite coating. Similarly, the R ct values of bare Zn-coating, Zn-micro SnO 2 composite coating and Zn-nano SnO 2 composite coating were found to be 92 Ω cm 2 , 907 Ω cm 2 , and 1919 Ω cm 2 , respectively. The studies revealed the increased corrosion resistance property of Zn-nano SnO 2 composite coating than Zn-micro SnO 2 composite coating.

Improved performance of Ti-based conversion coating in the presence of Ce/Co ions: Surface characterization, electrochemical and adhesion study

Abstract Novel chromium-free conversion coatings based on titanium-cerium (Ti/Ce-CC) and titanium-cobalt (Ti/Co-CC) were prepared to enhance the anti-corrosion resistance and adhesion property of the organic coating applied on Al-2024 substrate. The surface characteristics of the modified titanium conversion coating (Ti-CC) were evaluated by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Tungsten microelectrode and contact angle measuring device. The electrochemical behavior of conversion coatings was evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurement. Anti-corrosion and adhesion properties of polyurethane coating were evaluated by EIS, salt spray test and pull-off measurement. FE-SEM and AFM results show that by the addition of cerium and cobalt ions, the morphology of Ti-CC was completely changed. Oxide and hydroxide form of the different valence of cerium and cobalt ions were existed on the surface based on XPS spectra. The maximum surface energy is obtained for Ti/Ce-CC. Electrochemical data revealed that the Ti/Ce-CC enhance the anti-corrosion resistance to a significant degree (271.11 × 103 Ω.cm2) compare to the bare sample (3.70 × 103 Ω.cm2). The polyurethane coating applied on Ti/Ce-CC showed minimum delamination, highest anti-corrosion resistance and better adhesion strength in comparison with the Ti/Co-CC, Ti-CC and bare coated samples.

Scalable coating process of AgNPs-silicone on cotton fabric for developing hydrophobic and antimicrobial properties

Developing a scalable and cost-effective coating process is critical to manufacturing cotton-based hydrophobic antimicrobial fabric for various commercial applications. This paper describes a scalable, cost-effective coating process that is compatible with the existing industrial finishing processes of fabrics. In this process, the fabric is continuously dipped in water-based silver salt and the reducing agent solution to impart silver particles on the fiber surface to produce different coated samples. The process is tuned to minimize process cost and material cost and maximize the antimicrobial effectiveness and durability of the fabric. This paper also introduces an easy protective coating technique with silicone binder of the antimicrobial fabric that improves the durability and hydrophobicity of the antimicrobial fabric without sacrificing the comfort properties of textile fabrics. In the presence of silicone binder, the samples show significant antibacterial effectiveness against two microorganisms, gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative Escherichia coli bacteria. Qualitative assessment is carried out to evaluate the antimicrobial properties of the silicone encapsulated silver particles-coated fabrics. Moreover, among the silver-coated fabrics of different cycles, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are deposited in the 1 cycle of silver-coated fabric and the average particle size deposited onto the fiber surface is 65.52 ± 2.71 nm. After silicone encapsulation, among all encapsulated samples, 1 cycle of silver-coated silicone encapsulated sample shows the best result in terms of antimicrobial efficacy where silicone encapsulated 1 cycle silver-coated sample shows around the zone of inhibition 0.53 and 0.25 mm and encapsulated 2 cycles silver-coated sample shows the zone of inhibition 0.14 and 0.06 mm for S. aureus and E. coli, respectively. Coated fabrics with and without silicone encapsulation are characterized by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.

Lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) corrosion mechanism of nano-amorphous composite TiSiN coatings synthesized by cathodic arc ion plating

TiSiN coatings with different silicon content were deposited on 316 L steel by cathodic arc ion plating. After exposure, TiSiN coated samples presented good LBE corrosion resistance as compared with the bare steel. The main changes in TiSiN coatings were the oxidation of Ti and TiN and the PbBi penetration. The penetration depth was highly dependent on the silicon content and the observed lowest depth was 0.6 μm in coating deposited by Ti80Si20. The outstanding corrosion resistance could be attributed to the diffusion inhabitation function of amorphous Si3N4. A model has been proposed to illustrate the corrosion mechanism of TiSiN coating in LBE.

Effect of deposition thickness on microstructure and thermal behaviour of ZnO-Mg coated AISI 4140 for automotive applications

In this research article, the detailed morphology characterization and thermal behaviour of AISI 4140 steel coated with ZnO-Mg were studied. Coating thickness of approximately ≈ 30, 60 and 90 µm were taken. The surface morphology of the coated samples was studied using Optical Microscope (OM) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Phases present in the coated samples were confirmed using X-Ray Diffraction Technique (XRD) and Raman Spectroscopy. Thermal properties of the coated samples such as thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity were determined. In addition, specific heat of the coated samples was also identified. The samples with coating thickness of 30 µm exhibit enhanced thermal properties compared to other coated samples. The results reveal that ZnO-Mg coating can significantly improve the thermal properties of AISI 4140 steel, which can be a fair candidate material for automotive applications.

Investigations on the effect of surface coatings on the weldment properties on chromium manganese stainless steel gas tungsten arc welded plates

This paper reports the enhancements for the effects of specific fluxes such as Tungsten Carbide and Chromium Oxide on the weldment properties such as micro hardness, weld bead geometry and tensile strength obtained with Gas Tungsten Arc Welding Process (GTAW) applied to 6 mm thick Chromium Manganese stainless steel plates. The significant expense of Nickel has made Chromium Manganese stainless steel as an option for conventional 300 arrangement stainless steel. The two fluxes tungsten carbide and chromium oxide were utilized in powdered structure. The tensile test, micro hardness test and corrosion resistance test was conducted to reveal the effect of fluxes on the weldment properties. Results of tensile shows that considerable enhancement in tensile strength and elongation of about 20% increase in case of Chromium Oxide coated samples and 10% increase in case of Tungsten Carbide samples when compared to uncoated specimen. In case of microhardness, 10% increase is exhibited for coated samples compared with uncoated samples. The corrosion rate of coated samples found to be highly resistant for coated samples, which sums to be 300% more than that of uncoated samples. The effect of corrosion rate on the specimens was seen by conducting SEM analysis after the corrosion test. The SEM analysis uncovered that the coating covers the limits encompassing the inclusions and encloses dendrites which reduce the pitting corrosion of the parent metal.

Tribological, biocompatibility, and antibiofilm properties of tungsten\u2013germanium coating using magnetron sputtering

In this study, borosilicate glass and 316 L stainless steel were coated with germanium (Ge) and tungsten (W) metals using the Magnetron Sputtering System. Surface structural, mechanical, and tribological properties of uncoated and coated samples were examined using SEM, X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and tribometer. The XRD results showed that WGe2 chemical compound observed in (110) crystalline phase and exhibited a dense structure. According to the tribological analyses, the adhesion strength of the coated deposition on 316 L was obtained 32.8 N, and the mean coefficient of friction was around 0.3. Biocompatibility studies of coated metallic biomaterials were analyzed on fibroblast cell culture (Primary Dermal Fibroblast; Normal, Human, Adult (HDFa)) in vitro. Hoescht 33258 fluorescent staining was performed to investigate the cellular density and chromosomal abnormalities of the HDFa cell line on the borosilicate glasses coated with germanium–tungsten (W–Ge). Cell viabilities of HDFa cell line on each surface (W–Ge coated borosilicate glass, uncoated borosilicate glass, and cell culture plate surface) were analyzed by using (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) cytotoxicity assay. The antibiofilm activity of W–Ge coated borosilicate glass showed a significant reduction effect on Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) adherence compared to control groups. In the light of findings, tungsten and germanium, which are some of the most common industrial materials, were investigated as biocompatible and antimicrobial surface coatings and recommended as bio-implant materials for the first time.

Study of the Biological Properties of New Smart Packaging Materials for Use in Agricultural Industries

The paper studies the biological properties of film coatings created on the basis of polysaccharides (xanthan and carboxymethylcellulose) for use in various branches of the agro-industrial complex. It was found that samples of these film coatings completely decomposed in the soil in 7 days, and did in the aquatic environment in an average of 3.5 h. The effect of these film coatings on the organism of laboratory animals (rats) was studied by adding them to animal feed (experimental group). During the experiment, no deviations in behavior were noted in the experimental group of rats; no death in both the control and experimental groups of animals occurred. The studied film coating had no negative effect on the large intestine microbiocenosis and the animals’ weight. It was shown that the number of mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms in the experimental group was 3 times less than in the control one, and the number of lactic acid bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus was 3.3 times higher than in the control group. The results obtained indicate the biological safety of the use of the studied film coatings.

Multifrequency optimization method of measurement the frequency dependency of electrophysical parameters of dielectric and magnetodielectric coatings

The issues of experimental determination of electrodynamic parameters of existing and new synthesized materials and coatings used in the microwave range are highlighted. Problems arising from measurements of the electrophysical and geometric parameters of dielectric and magnetodielectric coatings, taking into account their placement on a metal substrate, by radio wave methods are considered. We present the new radio wave method of joint measurements of the frequency dependence of the complex permittivity, the frequency dependence of the complex magnetic permeability, and the thickness of plane-layered samples of dielectric and magnetodielectric coatings on a metal substrate. Determination of electrophysical and geometric parameters of the coating in the proposed method is reduced to minimizing the objective function constructed based on the discrepancy between the experimental and design theoretical values of the attenuation coefficients of surface electromagnetic wave fields on a grid of discrete frequencies. The simulation model of measurements is shown, implemented on the basis of the electrodynamic modeling system CST Microwave studio (Simulia corporation, USA) and the Matlab system. The results of simulation are presented to determine the frequency dependences of the electrophysical parameters and the thickness of a sample of a radio-absorbing coating on a metal substrate. Errors in the estimates of permittivity and permeability in the measurement frequency band 9–13.5 GHz, which are no more than 10 % with a confidence level of 0.95 with a mean square deviation of the noise level of 0.006, have been obtained. The proposed method can be in demand in various science-intensive areas – microelectronic, aerospace, mechanical engineering, etc.

Toxoplasma gondii infection in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematous diseases: serological and molecular evidence.

This study aimed to determine Toxoplasma gondii infection in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients in Mazandaran Province, north of Iran. During April 2019 to February 2020, 305 patients with RA (N=272) and SLE (N=33) diseases are included in this cross-sectional study. The baseline data of patients were collected into a questionnaire. Also, blood sample was taken from each patient in tubes containing k2-EDTA as anticoagulant for serological and molecular analyses. The presence of specific IgG antibody against T. gondii in plasma was explored using ELISA method. DNA was extracted and conventional-PCR method was done using RE primers on buffy coat samples. Anti-Toxoplasma IgG were detected among 105/272 RA (38.6%) and 11/33 (33%) SLE patients (P=0.55). IgG seropositivity was more common in females (95.70%) than in males (4.30%) and in 51-60 years old patients (37.10%) in rural populations (62.07%). Also, seropositivity was higher in patients who kept cats (93.95%). Keeping cats and patient's age were two studied risk factors which had significant relations with T. gondii seropositivity in patients (P<0.05). Overall, T. gondii DNA was found in 60 of 305 (19.7%) of enrolled patients, whether serology positive or negative (P<0.0001). Given the RA and SLE patients can be considered as a risk group for toxoplasmosis, in addition to the serological test, PCR based techniques is recommended for early and accurate detection of recent T. gondii infection.

Исследование современных лакокрасочных покрытий автомобилей производства фирм «УАЗ» и «Volkswagen»

The article presents the results of a study of samples of factory paint and varnish coatings of cars of the "UAZ" and "Volkswagen" model series in accordance with the methods of studying paint and varnish coatings of vehicles in force in the system of forensic departments of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. When carrying out the study, a set of recommended methods for studying paint and varnish coatings was used - optical microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, electron scanning microscopy with X-ray spectral microanalysis. In the course of the work, the morphological features of the investigated each layer of the studied paint and varnish coatings were determined, and the infrared spectra of these layers were also recorded and interpreted. Based on the analysis of infrared spectra, the qualitative molecular composition of the main components of soils, enamels and varnishes of paint and varnish coatings was determined. Electronic images of cross-sections of paint-and-lacquer coatings of UAZ and Volkswagen vehicles were obtained, as well as X-ray spectra of each layer. The data obtained made it possible to generalize and compare the characteristic features of paint and varnish coatings of each manufacturer. So, for paint and varnish coatings manufactured by Volkswagen, the following characteristics have been determined: the first primers of the samples are made on the basis of a polyester binder containing titanium dioxide in the mineral part, the second primers (fillers) are made on the basis of an acryl-urethane or polyacrylate binder with various modifiers, containing barium sulfate, titanium dioxide and other fillers, the lacquer layers are made on the basis of an acrylic-urethane binder modified with styrene and melamine. The paint and varnish coatings produced by "UAZ" were characterized by the following features: the first primers were made on the basis of an epoxy-ester binder containing various fillers. In the manufacture of the second primers (fillers), an alkyd binder modified with melamine can be used. The available lacquer layers are made on the basis of a polyacrylate binder modified with styrene and melamine. The identified groups of features make it possible to differentiate the paint and varnish coatings of cars of the UAZ and Volkswagen model lines within the framework of the examination of materials, substances and products.

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ЗАВИСИМОСТИ ВЛИЯНИЯ ДОЛИ О2 НА ПОКРЫТИЯ TiOх ПОЛУЧЕННЫЕ МЕТОДОМ МАГНЕТРОННОГО РАСПЫЛЕНИЯ

TiOх coatings are obtained by magnetron sputtering on a glass substrate, followed by vacuum photonic annealing to modify the coatings. Absolutely all samples obtained in the process of magnetron sputtering contained nonstoichiometric phases in their composition, and different O2 concentrations in plasma corresponded, in general, to different nonstoichiometric oxides, which may indicate the preferable formation of different TiO2 phases through different nonstoichiometric phases. It has been shown that with an increase in the oxygen concentration in the magnetron plasma, the structure of the coatings changes from amorphous to anatase-rutile (with a predominance of anatase). X-ray studies of the obtained samples of coatings have been carried out, which establish the role of oxygen in the crystallization of TiOx coatings, the effect of vacuum photon annealing on the formation of the anatase phase. It has been established that thermal treatment by photonic vacuum annealing at sufficiently low temperatures (350 ° C) promotes the recrystallization of all phases present in the coating into anatase phase.