Abstract
In this study, borosilicate glass and 316 L stainless steel were coated with germanium (Ge) and tungsten (W) metals using the Magnetron Sputtering System. Surface structural, mechanical, and tribological properties of uncoated and coated samples were examined using SEM, X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and tribometer. The XRD results showed that WGe2 chemical compound observed in (110) crystalline phase and exhibited a dense structure. According to the tribological analyses, the adhesion strength of the coated deposition on 316 L was obtained 32.8 N, and the mean coefficient of friction was around 0.3. Biocompatibility studies of coated metallic biomaterials were analyzed on fibroblast cell culture (Primary Dermal Fibroblast; Normal, Human, Adult (HDFa)) in vitro. Hoescht 33258 fluorescent staining was performed to investigate the cellular density and chromosomal abnormalities of the HDFa cell line on the borosilicate glasses coated with germanium–tungsten (W–Ge). Cell viabilities of HDFa cell line on each surface (W–Ge coated borosilicate glass, uncoated borosilicate glass, and cell culture plate surface) were analyzed by using (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) cytotoxicity assay. The antibiofilm activity of W–Ge coated borosilicate glass showed a significant reduction effect on Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) adherence compared to control groups. In the light of findings, tungsten and germanium, which are some of the most common industrial materials, were investigated as biocompatible and antimicrobial surface coatings and recommended as bio-implant materials for the first time.
Highlights
Biomaterials have been studied for more than 50 years in the field of medicine and engineering to fulfill the vital function of tissues in the human body with natural or synthetic material types [1]
with germanium–tungsten (W–Ge) alloy coating on the borosilicate glass was performed via the magnetron sputtering technique
Biocompatibility was analyzed via using HDFa cell line, and cytotoxicity of the coating was studied by MTT cell viability assay
Summary
Biomaterials have been studied for more than 50 years in the field of medicine and engineering to fulfill the vital function of tissues in the human body with natural or synthetic material types [1]. Biomaterials can be bio-tolerant, bioinert, bioactive, and biodegradable materials that enhance a biological function in the body These properties, which biomaterials must possess, enable the material to be integrated with the tissue in the body and ensure. It is known that heavy metals such as arsenic and cadmium cause zinc to separate from zinc-bound body structures, thereby disrupting the function of certain organs in the body and even causing cancer [7]. In this case, the toxic effect or bioactive properties of the material should be taken into account. This is the first study on W–Ge coated materials and investigation their tribological, biocompatibility, antibiofilm properties
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