Coastal Sandy Soil Research Articles

The Growth of Two Cultivars Mung Bean under different Sweet Corn Shelter Density in Sandy Soil Coastal Area

The experiment had been conducted from August to November 2016 at Samas sandy soil coastal area. The research aimed to determine growth response of mung bean sheltered by various density of sweet corn on coastal sandy soil. The experiment used the nested design with two factors with three replications.The first factor was density of sweet corn as shelter consisting of without shelter (S0), planting space of 15 × 40 cm (S1), and planting space of 30 × 40 cm (S2). The second factor was mung bean cultivars compiled of Vima 1 (V1) and Purworejo local cultivar (V2). The data of soil temperature, soil moisture content at the depth of 10 and 20 cm, soil salt content at 10 and 20 cm depth, leaf fresh and dry weight, root fresh and dry wieght, plant fresh and dry weight were collected. The effect of shelter density was on the leaves dry weight at 6 week after planting (WAP), meanwhile the mung bean cultivars influenced the soil moisture at 10 and 20 cm depth; leaves fresh weight, leaves dry weight, root fresh weight, and plant dry weight at 4 WAP. Vima 1 resulted in significantly higher compared to Purworejo local cultivar on soil moisture content in 10 and 20 cm, leaves fresh and dry weight, root fresh weight, plant fresh and dry weight at 4 WAP. There was interaction between sweet corn shelter density and mung bean cultivar on soil salt content at 10 cm (2 WAP), 20 cm (6 WAP), plant fresh weight at 4 and 6 WAP, and plant dry weight at 6 WAP. The best growth of mung bean was observed under higher level density shelter with 15 × 40 cm square planting space due to the deeper soil layer and lower salt content.

Effect of clay and manure addition on soil properties and Zn availability for blackgram in coastal sandy soils

Effect of clay and manure addition on soil properties and Zn availability for blackgram in coastal sandy soils

Perubahan Komposisi Gulma pada Sistem Tumpangsari Padi Gogo dengan Kedelai di Lahan Pasir Pantai

Weeds can reduce upland rice yields in coastal sandy area. Density and growth of weeds can be controlled and reduced by an intercropping system between upland rice with soybeans. The study aimed to determine the weeds composition change and weeds biomass in various crop proportions of upland rice and soybean under intercropping. The research was conducted from December 2016 until March 2017, at coastal sandy soil of Samas, Bantul, Yogyakarta (8°00’03.5”S and 110°15’20.1”E). This study used a complete randomized block design (RCBD) with one factor and three replications. The treatments were crop proportions of upland rice and soybean under intercropping with 6 levels, such as 100:0 (upland rice monoculture), 80:20, 60:40, 40:60, 20:80, and 0: 100 (soybean monoculture). The results showed that there was weeds composition changes due to setting crop proportions of upland rice and soybean under intercropping at coastal sandy soil. Weed of sedges, grass, and broadleaf were found throughout the experimental plots, but varied in number and type of weeds among experimental plots. Weeds condition differed among the soybean proportion treatments < 40% and ≥ 40%. The average community coefficient value was <75% which was dominated by Digitaria nuda and Eragrostis tenella under soybean proportion treatments < 40%, and Ludwigia parviflora and Amaranthus lividus under soybean proportion treatments ≥ 40%. The linear model was established between the increase of soybean proportion to a decrease in dry weight of weeds as Y = -0.6624X + 67.699; R2 = 0.7224).<br /><br />Keywords: crops proportion, intercropping, weeds community<br /><br />

Effect of Coated Urea with Humic-Calcium on Transformation of Nitrogen in Coastal Sandy Soil: A Soil Column Method

Effect of Coated Urea with Humic-Calcium on Transformation of Nitrogen in Coastal Sandy Soil: A Soil Column Method (Sulakhudin, A Syukur, D Shiddieq and T Yuwono): In coastal sandy soil, mainly nitrogen losses due to leaching resulted to low fertilizer efficiency. Slow-release N fertilizers are proposed to minimize these losses, and humic-calcium coated urea has been examined. A soil column method was used to compare the effects of coated urea with humic-calcium on transformation and leaching loss of N in coastal sandy soil. The experiment aid to compare two kind source humic substances (cow manure and peat) which mixed with calcium as coated urea on transformation, vertical distribution and leaching N in coastal sandy soil. The concentration of humic-calcium coated urea i.e.1%, 5% and 10% based on their weight. The results showed that urea coated with humic-calcium from cow manure (UCHM) and humic-calcium from peat (UCHP) increased the N total and available N in the soil and decreased leaching loss of N from the soil column. Compare to UCHP, UCHM in all concentration showed N-nitrate higher than N-ammonium on incubation length 2, 4 and 6 weeks. The N leached from a costal sandy soil with application coated urea with UCHM ranged from 21.18% to 23.72% of the total N added as fertilizer, for coated urea with UCHP they ranged between 21.44% and 23.25%, whereas for urea (control) reach 29.48%. Leaching losses of mineral N were lower when urea coated with UCHM compared to urea coated with UCHP or urea fertilizer. The study concluded that the UCHM is better than UCHP in decreasing N leached from coastal sandy soil.

Pengaruh Waktu Pemupukan pada Dua Musim Tanam terhadap Karakter Wijen Sbr-1 dan Sbr-3 di Lahan Pasir Pantai

Sesame is recognized as healthy potential oil crops because can be used to control several diseases. Sesame can grow properly in light soil structure such as sandy coastal soil, however sandy soil is considered as unfertile one and therefore environmental friendly fertilizer application based on dung manure must be studied. The research toinvestigate the influence of application times of mixed fertilizer on the growth sesame in quality growth in coastal sandy soil both at rainy and dry seasons, therefore the experiment directly to the sandy field at the sandy coastal area of Keburuhan, Purworejo, Central Java. From the first stage, it could be said that the application of mixed fertilizer between chicken manure and inorganic fertilizer increasing tochlorophyll content, net assimilation rate, root volume sesame both in rainy and dry seasons.

Shallot Growth and Yields Based on Ammonium:Nitrate Ratio on Coastal Sandy Soil

Nitrogen was a key component for increasing yield and quality of vegetables like shallots. The growth and development of plants were influenced by nitrogen form. Common plants preferred nitrate for growth, but the enormity preference varies within plant species and other environmental factors. The purpose of this experiment was to study the effect of ammonium:nitrate ratio in sandy soil to growth and yield of shallot (Allium cepa L. Aggregatum group). The experiment had been conducted in August-October 2015 in the sandy land on Samas Beach, Bantul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The research was arranged in a Split-Plot design. The main plot was the source of nitrogen (NH4+; NO3-; NH4+: NO3- 1:1; NH4+: NO3- 1:2; and NH4+: NO3- 2:1) and the subplot was cultivars (Crok Kuning, Tiron, and Bima Brebes). Each subplot covered an area of 2.5 m² (2.5 m x 1 m) with three blocks as replications. Shallot bulbs were planted in sixth-row, spacing 20 cm between rows and 15 cm within rows. The dose was applied according to the recommendation of BPTP (urea 200 kg ha-1, ZA 250 kg ha-1, SP-36 150 kg ha-1, and KCl 150 kg ha-1) 144.5 kg N ha-1. Ammonium:nitrate ratio influenced shallot growth in sandy soil through number of leaves at maximum vegetative phase and its leaf area. The NH4+: NO3- 1:2 ratio gave the best result in dry weight of leaves following bulb dry weight than other ratio. Nevertheless, ammonium:nitrate ratio had no significant influence on bulb dry weight (ton ha-1).

Effect of different levels and sources of zinc fertilizers on the growth and yield of okra in coastal sandy soil

Effect of different levels and sources of zinc fertilizers on the growth and yield of okra in coastal sandy soil

Contribution of Rhizobium–Mycorrhiza–Merapi-indigenous Rhizobacteria Association on Growth and Yield of Three Cultivars Soybean Cultivated on Coastal Sandy Soil

A study was conducted to examine the effect of inoculum association between Rhizobium sp., mycorrhizae and Merapi-indigenous Rhizobacteria on the growth and yield of 3 soybean cultivars, and to determine the best inoculum and cultivars for soybean cultivation on coastal sandy soil. The study was conducted in the Agro-biotechnology and Research Laboratory and experimental station of Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta during the period of September 2015 to June 2016. Experiments were conducted by using coastal sandy soil as planting medium in polybags by employing 4 x 3 factorial experiments, arranged in completely randomised design, and placed under the field condition. The first factor used was inoculation treatment consisted of 4 combination of inoculums: (1) Rhizobium sp. – mycorrhizae, (2) Rhizobium sp. – Merapi-indigenous Rhizobacteria, (3) Rhizobium sp. – mycorrhizae – Merapi-indigenous Rhizobacteria, and (4) without inoculation. The second factor was soybean cultivars consisted of 3 varieties: (1) Grobogan, (2) Detam-1, and (3) Petek. Observation was carried out on nodulation, mycorrhizal effect, Rhizobacterial population dynamics, plant growth and yield. The results showed that Rhizobium sp.–mycorrhizae inoculated on Petek increased root growth, leaf area and yield (5,97 tonnes/ha). Rhizobium sp.–mycorrhizae inoculation only increased diameter of nodules. It was also observed that the best soybean cultivar for coastal sandy soil was Petek.

Application of Cow Rumen Liquid in Palm Sugar Waste Compost for Cultivating Sweet Corn in Coastal Sandy Soil of Samas Beach Bantul

The research was conducted to study the effect of palm sugar waste compost using cow rumen activator on sweet corn cultivation and to determine the effective concentration of cow rumen activator and dose of sugar palm waste compost for sweet corn cultivation in coastal sandy soil of Samas Beach, Bantul. The research was arranged in Completely Randomized Design (CRD). A total of 11 treatments consisting of combination between the dose of sugar palm waste compost (tonnes/hectare) and various concentrations of cow rumen activators (%), with detail as follows: (1) 20 tonnes/hectare and 60%, (2) 20 tonnes/hectare and 70%, (3) 20 tonnes /hectare and 80%, (4) 20 tonnes/hectare and 90%, (5) 20 tonnes /hectare and 100%, (6) 25 tonnes/hectare and 60%, (7) 25 tonnes/hectare and 70%, (8) 25 tonnes/hectare and 80%, (9) 25 tonnes/hectare and 90%, (10) 25 tonnes/hectare and 100%, and (11) 20 tonnes/hectare of inorganic fertilizer. Each treatment was replicated four times. The results showed that the treatments of sugar palm waste compost with various concentrations of cow rumen activator and commercial compost had no significant effect on almost all plant parameters, except the root fresh weight. In addition, sugar palm waste compost with various concentration of cow rumen activator produced higher fresh weight of ear with husk compared to the potential yield of Sweet Boy variety. Dose of 20 tonnes/hectare of sugar palm waste compost with cow rumen activator at a concentration of 60% is the most effective treatment for sweet corn cultivation in coastal sandy soil of Samas Beach, Bantul.

TECHNICAL AND FINANCIAL ASPECTS OF WHITE SHRIMP (Litopenaeus vannamei) CULTURE IN BANTUL DISTRICT COASTAL SANDY SOIL AREA

This research has been conducted to know the technical and financial aspects of white shrimp ( Litopenaeus vannamei ) culture in Bantul District coastal sandy soil area. The samples of farmers were determined by stratified sampling method based on the ponds width. The data were colected by observation and interviews methods. The samples in the study were 41 farmers as respondents/ponds from the population of 290 ponds. Samples were consisted of three categories : 1,000 m 2 per pond for 16 farmers: 1,000-1,500 m 2 per ponds for 14 farmers and >1,500 – 2,500 m 2 per pond for 11 farmers. The results showed that the white shrimp culture in Bantul District coastal sandy soil area was an intensive system with average pond width 1,300 m 2 . Average pond category 1,500 – 2,500 m 2 was 2.191 m 2 . Generally the fixed costs incurred IDR 24,876,128,- per pond/cycle and variable costs IDR 72,839,121 per pond/cycle (IDR 218,517,362,- per pond/year). The revenue of the culture was IDR 109,709,805,- per pond/year, with the ratio value between the total revenue with total costs [Revenue (R) / Cost (C) ratio ] was 1.37. The Break Event Point (BEP) of shrimp products was 4,909 kg and the Break Event Point (BEP) of shrimp price was IDR 34,312,-. The highest productivity of shrimp was 19.7 Ton/ha/cycle, which be cultured in the 1,000-1,500 m 2 ponds, with incomed IDR 169,507,143 per pond/cycle and the Revenue/Cost ratio (R/C ratio) was 1.60. The BEP of shrimp products was 5,069 Kg and the BEP of shrimp price was IDR 28,187,-

Integrated Pest Management of Nematodes on Bermudagrass Turf

Use of bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) cultivars resistant/tolerant to plant‐parasitic nematodes is an important component of integrated pest management (IPM) for sustainable turf nematode management in sandy coastal soils of the southeastern United States. A multiyear field experiment evaluated five bermudagrass genotypes (‘Tifway’, standard susceptible; two commercial cultivars, ‘TifSport’ and ‘Celebration’; and two experimental germplasm, BA132 and PI 291590, that were identified as tolerant to sting nematode [Belonolaimus longicaudatus]) and four different nematicide regimes (untreated control, Curfew Soil Fumigant [1,3‐dichloropropene], monitoring‐based IPM [action threshold nematicide program], and calendar‐based IPM [nematicide rotation]). Nematode samples were collected at 3‐month intervals from February 2012 to November 2014. No significant differences among the genotypes with regard to population density of sting nematode were documented, but there were differences among genotypes with regard to some of the other plant‐parasitic nematodes, particularly spiral (Helicotylenchus paxilli) and ring (Mesocriconema ornatum) nematodes. There were significant nematicide regime responses on nematode population level after August 2013. A calendar‐based IPM program rotating Nortica (Bacillus firmus strain I‐1582), Multiguard Protect (furfural), MustGrow Invest (Brassica juncea), and Avid (abamectin) significantly reduced the nematode population density compared with a monitoring‐based IPM program and the standard soil fumigant nematicide Curfew. In the untreated control, nematode population densities were significantly higher than in the other treatments. Celebration and PI 291590 bermudagrass genotypes had better percent green cover throughout the study.

Effect of integrated nutrient management on the growth and yield of senna in coastal sandy soil

To increase the production of medicinal senna in sandy soils of coastal agro ecosystem, integrated nutrient management treatments involving inorganic fertilizers, organic manures namely FYM, vermicompost, humic acid and microbial consortium were evaluated. The intial soil was typic udipsamments and represented sandy texture and non-saline nature. In Completely Randomized Design, the following treatments were evaluated with three replications using senna as test crop. T 1 - Absolute control, T 2 - Recommended NPK, T 3 - FYM alone @ 12.5 t ha -1 , T 4 - Vermicompost alone @ 4.0 t ha -1 , T 5 - 75 % NPK + FYM @ 12.5 t ha -1 , T 6 - 50 % NPK + FYM @ 12.5 t ha -1 , T 7 - 75 % NPK + vermicompost @ 4.0 t ha -1 , T 8 - 50 % NPK + vermicompost @ 4.0 t ha -1 , T 9 - T 5 + ZnSO 4 @ 25 kg ha -1 + humic acid foliar spray @ 0.3 %, T 10 -T 6 + ZnSO 4 @ 25 kg ha -1 + humic acid foliar spray @ 0.3% , T 11 - T 7 + ZnSO 4 @ 25 kg ha -1 +Humic acid foliar spray @ 0.3% , T 12 - T 8 + ZnSO 4 @ 25 kg ha -1 + humic acid foliar spray @ 0.3% . Bio inoculants, Azospirillum and phosphobacterium were applied to all the treatments excluding absolute control and recommended NPK. The results of the study indicated that the application of INM significantly improved the growth and yield of senna in coastal sandy soil. Among the treatments, application of 75 % NPK fertilizer + vermicompost @ 4.0 t ha -1 + ZnSO 4 @ 25 kg ha -1 with humic acid foliar spray ranked best in recording the higher growth character, leaf and pod yield of senna and available soil nutrients.

Sustainable soil fertility management in coconut based multi-storeyed cropping system

<p>A field experiment was conducted at College of Agriculture, Padannakkad, Kasaragod, Kerala state during 2012 to 2015 to develop appropriate cost effective practices for enhancing productivity and profitability of coconut based multi-storeyed cropping system involving a combination of coconut, noni, banana and long pepper in coastal sandy soil. The treatments consisted of eight combinations of four levels of NPK (100 per cent, 2/3 rd, 1/3 of the recommended NPK and basin management in the organic pathway) for coconut and two levels of NPK (100 and 75 per cent of the recommended dose) for the component crops in addition to five sole cropping systems namely, coconut (100 per cent NPK), coconut (organic), long pepper (100 per cent NPK), banana (100 per cent NPK) and noni (100 per cent NPK). Pooled analysis of the data revealed that basin management with 75 per cent NPK for component crops was found favourable for increasing the nut yield from 43 to 53 nuts palm-1 year-1. Soil properties and BCR of the system also improved as a result of the same treatment. Highest copra content (160.6 g nut-1) was recorded in the<br />organic basin management treatment supplied with 100 per cent NPK for component crops. An improvement in the soil nutrient status was also observed compared to the control. </p>

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A laboratory experiment was conducted to determine the organic matter in reducing Nitrate leaching of coastal sandy soil of Kulon Progo, Yogyakarta, done from February up to August 2014. This experiment was arranged in a factorial completely randomized design. The first factor were ratio of cow dung and rice straw (1:1; 1:2 and 1:3), and the second factor were N fertilizer (urea and ZA). The result showed (a) Urea as source of N-fertilizer was more suitable to apply in coastal sandy soil and (b) Organic matter with ratio of cow dung and rice straw (1:1) was able to decrease nitrate leaching of coastal sandy soil of Kulon Progo.

Response of sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) to micronutrients and NPK levels on the growth, yield and nutrients uptake in coastal sandy soil

A pot experiment was conducted to find out the effect of NPK levels and micronutrients viz., Zn and Mn on the yield and nutrients uptake by sesame in coastal sandy soil. The experimental soil was sandy texture with pH 8.41, low in organic carbon, available N and P, medium in available K and deficient in Zn and Mn. The treatments consisted of different levels of NPK and micronutrients. The experiment was laid out in a factorial completely randomized design with three replications, using sesame variety TMV 7. The results of the study indicated that application of 150% NPK + ZnSO4 @ 25 kg/ha + MnSO4 @ 5 kg/ha recorded the highest seed and stalk yield of 52.4 and 184.7 g/pot, respectively. However, it was found to be on par with the treatment which received 125% NPK + ZnSO4 @ 25 kg/ha + MnSO4 @ 5 kg/ha and recorded the seed and stalk yield of 50.9 and 179.5 g/pot, respectively. Application of Zn and Mn along with NPK improved the uptake of micronutrients by sesame in addition to the yield and oil content.

Sweet potato response to low-input agriculture and varying environments of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: implications for food security strategies

Three sweet potato cultivars (A40, A45 and 199062.1) were planted in three small-scale farms located under different agro-ecological zones of KwaZulu-Natal. The objective was to assess growth, physiological responses and yield of the sweet potato cultivars under low-input agricultural system and different environmental conditions. Sweet potato planted at Richards Bay (28°19'S; 32°06E), a coastal sandy soil location, recorded low stomatal conductance(SC; 102.2 m moles m−2 s−1) and chlorophyll content index (CCI; 29.4). This consequently resulted in reduced vine length, leaf number and branching of sweet potato plants. Environmental conditions in that location (Richards Bay) such as high evapotranspiration, high temperatures and low water retention capacity of sandy soils created drought stress condition. This caused reduction in photosynthetic activities and translocation to the harvestable plant parts. The other two locations (Deepdale at 28°01'S; 28°99'E and Umbumbulu at 29°98'S; 30°70'E) located further from the coast and characterized by clayey soils recorded higher SC and CCI. Branching and number of leaves were significantly influenced by locations and growing season while vine length varied with locations, indicating specific varietal adaptation. Biomass and storage root yield followed a similar trend as plant growth and physiology. Richards Bay recorded very low biomass and storage root yield (5.4 and 5.0 t ha−1) in both seasons while Deepdale recorded higher yields (42.0 t ha−1) during the first growing season. Yields reduced by 67% (13.6 t ha−1) in the second season. Storage root yields from Umbumbulu were stable in both growing seasons (29.4 and 28 t ha−1 during seasons one and two, respectively). Adding fertilizer only improved storage roots yield in Richards Bay, otherwise cultural practises were responsible for storage root yield increases in Deepdale and Umbumbulu. Orange-fleshed sweet potato cultivar A45 showed good environmental plasticity while cultivar 199062.1 responded well to fertilizer application. This indicated its suitability for use in food security programmes under low-input agriculture.

Some biochemical index of three sesame cultivars grown in the coastal sandy soil of Nghe An province

Some biochemical index of three sesame cultivars grown in the coastal sandy soil of Nghe An province

Psammochthoniidae n. fam., a paedomorphic family of oribatid mites (Oribatida: Enarthronota) from sandy soil in Thailand, Brazil and the U.S.A.

A new genus and species of enarthronote oribatid mite, Psammochthonius kethleyi n.g., n. sp., is described and illustrated based on adult and immature specimens collected from coastal sandy soil in Thailand (Phangnga), Brazil (SAo Paulo) and the U.S.A. (Mississippi). Analysis shows that it is a member of Hypochthonioidea, but not of any named family, so the monobasic family Psammochthoniidae n. fain. is proposed. Traits that are unique among hypochthonioid mites include an adult body length under 250 microm, a functionally trichoid body form (postpedal flexing), strong lateral displacement of setae in row e, which insert on a unique form of transverse scissure, subcapitular stenarthry, leg IV vestiges and a possible precocious genital swelling in the larva, apparent absence of an anal segment, and a highly regressed leg setation. The latter two, and some other traits that were previously unknown in Hypochthonioidea, suggest that Psammochthoniidae represents the first clearly paedomorphic lineage in this diverse superfamily. Like all other known hypochthonioid mites, P. kethleyi appears to be thelytokous.

Zeolite and Hucalcia as Coating Material for Improving Quality of NPK Fertilizer in Costal Sandy Soil

The growth and yield of plants are mainly a function of the quantity of fertilizer and water. In coastal sandy soil, nutrient losses and dry soils are seriously problems. The objective of the research was to study effect of zeolite and hucalci concentrations as NPK coating materials on NPK qualities i.e. water adsorption and release of N, P and K. The research used a coastal sandy soil as media. It was conducted in a laboratory of Soil Science Department, Gadjah Mada University from July to August 2009. Experimental design used was a factorial in a completely randomized design. The first factor was hucalci concentration, consisted of 10% (H1), 20% (H2), and 30% (H3). The second factor was zeolite concentration, consisted of 25% (Z1), 50% (Z2), 75% (Z3), and 100% (Z4). NPK fertilizer (without coating) used as a control. The results showed that hucalci and zeolite had a capability to increase water adsorption and to retard the release of N, P, K. The coated NPK with hucalci 30% and zeolite 100% had the highest quality in water absorption, water retention and release of nutrients.Keywords: Coastal sandy soil, humic-calcium, NPK fertilizer, zeolite

Effect of Poultry Manure and Vertisols Matter on Availability and Leaching of Macronutrients in Coastal Sandy Soil

The poultry manure and vertisols matter have potency for reclaiming a soil. The research objectives was to study the effect of poultry manure (PM) and vertisols matter (VM) on availability and leaching of macro nutrient in coastal sandy soil treated by rainfall simulation. A laboratory experiment was conducted with lesymeters to measure nutrient leaching. The factorial 4 × 4 treatment applied was arranged by randomized completely block design with three replications. The first factor was level of PM consisted of 0, 20, 40, and 60 Mg ha-1. The second one wasthe level of VM consisted of 0, 5, 10, and 15%. Variables observed were soil physical and chemical properties such as bulk density (BD), particle density (PD), porosity, pF 2.54, pF 4.2, available water capacity (AWC), permeability, cation exchange capacity (CEC), available macro nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S) by Morgan Wolf extraction, and the rate of macro nutrient leaching measuared by Spectrophotometry and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. Result of the research showed that application of PM and VM in the sandy soil decreased soil PD and BD, increased soil porosity and AWC, decreased soil permeability, and slightly increased soil CEC. Application of PM and VM increased soil available nutrient in the sandy soil. Up to 60 Mg ha-1 dose PM increased soil available nutrient, while 10 to 15% dose, VM did not increased it. The rank of nutrient leaching from high to low by rain simulation was N-NO3 -> SO4 = > K+ > Ca2+. Leaching of K and N-NH4+ could be reduced by soil amendment. Combination of PM 60 Mg ha-1 and VM 10% was the best soil amendment for increasing nutrient availability and decreasing nutrient leaching in the sandy soil.Keywords: available nutrient, coastal sandy soil, leaching, poultry manure, vertisols matter