Coastal Destinations Research Articles

Luksuzni turizam i stavovi dionika – odabrani obalni gradovi Hrvatske

Elitni turizam pojavljuje se u nizu selektivnih oblika turizma (kulturni, sportski i dr.) i stoga se često pojmovno različito definira (luksuzni, premium, visokokvalitetni, specijalizirani, alternativni, transformativni). Destinacije orijentirane dodanim koristima za klijenta i razvoju partnerstava bolje konkuriraju na tržištu elitnog turizma. U hrvatskom turizmu pojedine se destinacije nazivaju destinacijama elitnog turizma. Međutim, postoje razlike u razvoju hrvatskih obalnih destinacija koje teže visoko kvalitetnom turizmu. Cilj rada je ispitati stavove dionika odabranih obalnih gradova o razini razvoja elitnog turizma. Svrha istraživanja je ukazati na potrebne izmjene modela razvoja turizma (zbog rizika pojave negativnih eksternalija u vidu zagađenja, buke, gužvi, poteškoće prilaza destinaciji, nedostatka ambijentalnosti) koji ne ide u prilog turistima visoke platežne moći već ih usmjerava drugim destinacijama. Ispitani su stavovi dionika obalnih destinacija kombiniranom metodom prikupljanja podataka (metoda anketiranja i dubinski intervju). Rezultati istraživanja upućuju na izostanak uravnoteženog razvoja destinacije u turističkom sustavu. U varijablama destinacijske ponude oko varijable dodane ponude i usluge procjenitelji su bili najmanje ujedinjeni. Doprinos rada su preporuke javnom i privatnom sektoru kao i lokalnom stanovništvu za unaprjeđenje segmenta luksuznih ponuda i razmišljanja o implementacijama inicijativa turizma globalne razine.

Sun, Sand, and… Sustainability in Developing Countries from a Tourists’ Perspective. The Case of Punta Cana

Large-scale tourism represents one of the main causes of environmental problems faced by many seaside destinations in developing countries. A survey was carried out among tourists in Punta Cana, the Dominican Republic, one of the most visited coastal destinations worldwide. This study explores whether the destination is meeting tourists’ demand for sustainable practices and whether the sustainable initiatives implemented, as perceived by tourists, have a role in explaining tourists’ satisfaction. An importance-performance analysis and a principal component analysis, followed by an ordered logit model, were performed. Findings show that tourists’ expectations in terms of sustainability are not adequately met and that environmental and socioeconomic sustainability are positively associated with tourists’ satisfaction.

Typology and Models of Cruise Travellers’ Consumption in Coastal Tourist Destinations

Purpose: The aim of this study is to identify the typology of cruise travellers taking into account the consumer behaviour in the coastal destinations related to various functions performed on the cruise tourism market, and also to present models of consumption and mathematical formulas which allow to estimate the total travellers’ spending, The research questions are as follows: 1) What are the types of consumers on the cruising market? 2) What are the types of cruise tourist destinations (CTD)? 3) What functions are performed by cruise travellers in various CTD? 4) How can we calculate the cruise travellers’ total expenditures? Design/Methodology/Approach: The research methods applied are literature review, exploration method of data, desk research and comparative analysis. Findings: The study showed a gap in consumer consumption on cruising market regarding cruise travellers’ expenditures incurred before and after a cruise voyage. This makes it difficult to estimate the total cruise travellers’ expenditures connected with an idea of “cruise voyage”. This also obviously has an impact on the difficulties in estimating revenues from cruise travels not only for travellers’ places of residence but also for the reception areas. Furthermore, there is still insufficient data on cruise travellers’ expenditures on board cruise ships which are not included in a tourist package. Analyses indicate that cruise travellers bear much more higher costs related to their cruise voyage, than they expected or were unaware of it. Practical Implications: The results of the foregoing may constitute an interesting source of information for tour-operators, cruise companies and local authorities in coastal tourist destinations Originality/Value: The review of the most important publications on consumption related to services and consumption modelling, including publications on the tourist market, has showed that there is a gap in literature when it comes to theoretical models of consumption and typology of tourists on the cruise tourism market. The knowledge of consumption models is important in assessment of economic effects generated from tourist service in coastal regions.

Recreational Beach Management: A Case Study from the Amazon Coast

Sousa-Felix, R.C.; Pessoa, R.M.C.; Costa, R.M.; Jimenez, J.A., and Pereira, L.C.C., 2020. Recreational beaches management: A case study from the Amazon coast. In: Malvarez, G. and Navas, F. (eds.), Global Coastal Issues of 2020. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 95, pp. 775–779, ISSN 0749-0208.Coastal tourism is the most important segment of this economic sector, given that a majority of tourists tend to prefer coastal destinations. The sandy beaches of the Brazilian Amazon coast, with their well-preserved environments distributed along 3900 km of coastline, have considerable potential for tourism, in particular, ecotourism. The aim of this study was to evaluate of the tourism scenario of three Amazon beaches for the identification of the strengths and weaknesses of this environment, and the investigation of the principal external factors (legislation, economics, and environmental conditioners) that influence local tourism. Data on hydrological and socioeconomic variables were collected and used as input for a SWOT matrix to determine the principal strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats existing for these beaches. The principal opportunities are derived from the legislation, including the State Coastal Management Plan, the Beachfront Project, and the management plans of the local conservation units. The threats are maximized by the inadequate application of the legal management mechanisms, which has resulted in beaches with no public sanitation, water treatment, the unregulated occupation of land, low levels of education, environmental degradation, and a loss of biodiversity. The principal strength for the management of the Amazonian beaches is the fact that these sites are in the public domain, which allows the government to implement wide-ranging management strategies based on the systematic evaluation of parameters. The weaknesses of the beaches identified in the present study included the lack of public sanitation, high concentrations of visitors, and inadequate beach security services. Overall, the analysis of the SWOT matrix indicated that the adoption of the Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) principles would provide an excellent opportunity for the changes necessary to resolve the environmental problems observed on the study beaches. This would help to establish a more inclusive, participative, and proactive approach to the management of the local beach environments.

Climate change impacts and tourism mobility: A destination-based approach for coastal areas

Even if the concepts of climate change, tourism and transport are strictly connected, the scientific literature has mostly considered their pairwise relations, linking tourism to climate change, transport to climate change, or tourism to transport. This paper aims at considering the three concepts as a whole, exploring the three-cornered interaction between climate change-tourism-transport, and highlighting both the effects of climate change on tourism travel demand and the contribution of tourism transport to CO2 emissions. To this aim, a heuristic method for assessing implications of climate change on future CO2 emissions in coastal destinations is presented and then tested on the Italian town of Misano Adriatico. The results reveal a variation in summer tourism demand under different climatic and socio-economic scenarios; accordingly, by 2035 total carbon emissions produced by tourism transport could decrease from 550.57 tCO2 (status quo) to 216.91 tCO2 (optimistic scenario) with the adoption of more sustainable transport means made by tourists. This result contributes to the achievement of the environmental targets expressed by the local sustainable urban mobility plan, thus making tourism transport an active driver in the achievement of its goals. With adequate modifications, the method can be applied to other types of tourist cities, thus helping local stakeholders and policymakers to understand the carbon effects of tourist modal choices and develop sustainable strategies.

A model of tourists’ civilized behaviors: Toward sustainable coastal tourism in China

Abstract: Ensuring that tourists behave in a civilized manner is critical to maintaining the competitiveness of tourism destinations. Hence, the purpose of this study is to understand which factors lead tourists to behave in a civilized manner at tourism destinations in order to increase the sustainability of coastal tourism. This study proposes a theoretical framework for civilized tourism behavioral intentions by aggregating two social science theories: the norm activation model (NAM) and the theory of planned behavior (TPB). The results indicate that attitudes, subjective norms, and personal norms play a significant role in driving civilized behavioral intentions, with personal norms mediating subjective norms and intentions. Furthermore, the study suggests two effective paths that could likely drive tourists toward positive and civilized behaviors at coastal destinations by utilizing fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA). Theoretical and practical implications are also discussed.

Tourists’ reviews of weather in five Indian Ocean islands

Favourable climate forms a key resource in attracting tourists to tropical coastal destinations. Warm temperatures and clear skies are ideal conditions for tourists to spend long days on the beach and engage in outdoor activities. By contrast, rain, strong winds, high humidity and cloud cover serve as a deterrent. These factors influence tourists’ choice of destination, timing and duration of stay, and enjoyment of their vacation, and are therefore imperative to the economic sustainability of a destination. This study explores tourists’ self‐reported sensitivity to and satisfaction of weather and climatic conditions during visits to five tropical Indian Ocean Islands through the analysis of 13 618 TripAdvisor reviews. An average of 12 per cent of reviews mentioned climatic factors, indicating a relatively high sensitivity to climate, with a highest proportion of 15.7 per cent of reviews for Maldives. Rain was mentioned most frequently (21 per cent of climate mentions), followed by sunshine and hot conditions. The majority of the reviews were authored in August and May, and more than 40 per cent were written in a neutral tone, with similar but lower proportions of overtly negative and positive reviews. Thematic analysis of reviews highlight the importance of preparedness amongst tourists, emphasizing the need for accurate information communicated.

Push-motivation-based emotional arousal: A research study in a coastal destination

Abstract This study focuses solely on push travel motivations based on emotional arousal. The study aims to find: (a) the underlying components of push travel motivation associated within a 3S travel destination, (b) the relationships between push motivations, emotional arousal, satisfaction, and post-experience behavioral intentions, and (c) the mediator role of emotions in the relationship between push motivation and tourist satisfaction. The data were collected from 560 tourists in the destination of Antalya. The results indicate first that push motivation factors are represented by six factors demonstrating adequate reliability and validity, namely curiosity, relaxation, escape, sport and active life, extravagance and travel bragging. Second, a significant positive relationship is found between push motivations, emotional arousal, satisfaction, and post-experience behavioral intentions. Finally, it is found that the direct influence of push motivations on tourist satisfaction is weak and emotional arousal mediates the relationship.

Tourists' Attitudes Toward the Benefits of Mariculture: A Case of Decision-making in Marine Tourism in Southeast USA

While sustainable tourism and responsible tourism share commonalities of guiding principles, responsible tourism places more emphasis on the behaviors of individual actors. However, little is known about how responsible tourists' behaviors are reconciled by their attitude toward tourism products' economic, cultural, and environmental contribution to a destination. This study explores the role of the tourists' attitude toward mariculture and perception of its benefits within the context of their travel decision-making process. Framed with the theory of planned behavior, this research examines tourists' perception of shellfish mariculture in relationship to their subjective knowledge about mariculture, attitude toward product quality of mariculture, and intention to be involved in marine tourism. This study suggests that the perception of benefits of the product are important considerations when tourists decide their travel activities in coastal destinations.

해양생태관광지로서 해수욕장 평가모델에 관한 연구

해양생태관광지로서 해수욕장 평가모델에 관한 연구

Tourism competitiveness and the well-being of residents: a debate on registered and non-registered accommodation establishments

The literature on the competitiveness of tourist destinations establishes as its ultimate objective the well-being of the resident population. In Spain, the principal tourism product (sun and beach) has given rise to two basic types of destinations - those where there is a clear predominance of registered accommodation (mainly hotels) and those that are characterised by a supply largely made up of rental apartments and housing (non-registered, or sometimes known as the residential or second home model). The debate on the issue has been focusing on the different economic, social, cultural or environmental impacts that the two tourism models have on the territory. This article explores the economic aspect of the debate, comparing the differences existing in terms of income and employment in a pool of coastal destinations in the Region of Valencia, one of the leading tourism regions of the sun and beach tourism product in Spain and Europe. This comparison is done by way of Null Hypothesis Significance Testing and regression analysis. The results obtained indicate the neutrality of the composition of the accommodation supply on income and employment of destinations.

La complejidad de la imagen de los destinos de costa: aportaciones metodológicas a partir del estudio de Menorca

In this article, we try to conceptualize the image of coastal destinations based on the analysis of a specific place, Menorca. Both the content of the images and their meaning are studied to unravel their function in the configuration of the tourist image, as well as the role they play in the appropriation of universal archetypes. Two types of images are confronted: posters and public leaflets, on the one hand, and tourist guides, on the other, with a diachronic approach. As a result, coastal destinations are shown as a complex product in which, along with its obvious implications associated with the concept of sun and beach, an important landscape aspect emerges, and where their population centres are also relevant. In this way the projected image cannot be separated from the image perceived by tourists.

Scoping Recreational Disturbance of Shorebirds to Inform the Agenda for Research and Management in Tropical Asia.

In addition to scoping the impacts of the four most reported sources of recreational disturbance on shorebirds, this study also advances the concept of Tropical Asia (TA) to collectively describe tourist destinations in the ecologically and geopolitically diverse part of the planet that incorporates the tourism megaregion of South and Southeast Asia. At a time of growing global concern about the rapid decline of shorebird populations, many governments in TA are embracing and capitalising on the exponential growth in demand for coastal recreation and tourism across the region. This political response is partly driven by efforts to deliver economic development, aligned to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, in order to secure the livelihoods of people living in less developed coastal areas. However, the rapid increase in visitor numbers and the development of infrastructure to support the booming demand for coastal tourism destinations in TA are further exacerbating the pressures on shorebird populations across the region. Despite these growing pressures and the wealth of research reporting on shorebird populations across the Asian flyways, this scoping study identified surprisingly little research that reports on the recreational disturbance (RD) of shorebirds in TA. While undertaken to inform future research, this study also provides a synthesis of management strategies reported in the global literature into a set of management recommendations for coastal destinations in TA.

Impacts of US Residential Tourism in Northwest Mexican Coastal Destinations: the cases of Mazatlán, Sinaloa; Cabo San Lucas, Baja California Sur and Puerto Peñasco, Sonora

Abstract: The objective of this paper is to present an analysis of the social and environmental impacts generated by residential tourism in three destinations in northwestern Mexico. In the theoretical framework a critical review of this tourism modality is presented, as well as its main statements. To achieve the objective, non-participant observation was made, and official sources of the federal government were consulted. The results show that residential tourism in this region generates important negative social, cultural, political and environmental effects, such as social polarization, hoarding of natural resources, privatization of public spaces and degradation of the ecosystem. The study allowed to identify these effects and compare them between the three destinations.
 Keywords: Residential Tourism. Social and Cultural Impacts. Political Impacts. Environmental Impacts. Mexico.
 .
 Environmental: In many cases these tourists demand spaces near the coast and places where biodiversity is very fragile.
 In this paper the objectives were to analyze some impacts of residential tourism from United States in three coastal destinations in northwest Mexico: Mazatlan, Sinaloa; Puerto Penasco, Sonora and Cabo San Lucas, Baja California Sur. Using a non-participant observation methodology we describe the social and environmental impacts in the region. Using a quantitative methodology (survey) and relying on data provided by the National Migration Institute in each of the three entities, we also describe the demographic composition of these residential tourists.

OVER-TOURISM: THE UNTOLD STORY OF THE RISE OF SUNNY BEACH, BULGARIA

Coastal tourism destinations around the globe are chasing and face an increase in arrivals. The prevailing paradigm is “the more, the better.” International bodies, national and local governments, and stakeholders are working toward future growth in numbers with little to no attention to the impact of mass tourism on the destination’s image and tourist satisfaction. This paper use case study approach to investigate the phenomenon of over-tourism in the most popular and famous coastal resort in Bulgaria - Sunny Beach, and how current pro-growth policies affect the destination development and the destination image. This research is using qualitative methods, namely analysis of documents, and relevant literature, and observation. Results of the research exposing that the Bulgarian government and the tourism stakeholders are ignoring the existence and impacts of over-tourism. A revision of present strategies, policies, and practices are necessary for assessing the tourism components as time and duration of stay, expenditures, the purpose of visit and destinations carrying capacity. In conclusion, such knowledge may ultimately contribute to addressing over-tourism issues while constructing a more economically, socially and environmentally sustainable destination.
 Key words: coastal tourism, over-tourism, development policies, Sunny Beach, Bulgaria

Toward a tourism destination brand equity of coastal tourism of Pangandaran Regency

Indonesia is one of the countries where tourism is the major contributors to the GDP. There are province and districts in Indonesia that mainly focused on the tourism business, Pangandaran is one of them. As a new district, Pangandaran is still trying to develop its brand as a tourist destination. This study aims to provide perceptual maps of Pangandaran as a brand compared to other coastal tourism destination. The study used Multidimensional Scaling (MDS), to inquire about the brand image of various coastal destination in Indonesia among domestic tourist. Two dimensions consisted of performance and value are used to measure the destination brand. More profound questions are also asked to inquire about factors that may influence tourist visitation. The result indicates that the Pangandaran brand as a tourism destination is perceived as a domestic oriented destination. A suggestion based on five steps of brand building is proposed to improve Pangandaran

Entrepreneurs’ attitudes toward seasonality in the tourism sector

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the factors that condition decision making by entrepreneurs in the tourism sector. Specifically, the authors consider whether the decisions related to seasonal closure are conditioned by non-economic factors related to quality of life.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses data from a survey of entrepreneurs in two highly seasonal tourist locations in Spain: one coastal destination and one mountain destination. The information provided by the survey was used to determine the factors that condition the decision to close for part of the year and to analyze the way in which entrepreneurs evaluate the costs and benefits associated with the period of closure.FindingsThe results show that entrepreneurs acknowledge the cost of shutting down during the off-peak season. However, although they recognize this cost, other elements are important in their decision making such as the quality of life of the entrepreneur, the presence of a more profitable secondary activity in a different destination and the tenure regime of the business. Entrepreneurs attach great importance to factors that justify the closure of establishments for several months a year. This, in turn, means that public policies designed to reduce the intensity of seasonality lose effectiveness.Originality/valueThis paper sheds light on whether there are underlying non-economic motives that lead to a shutdown during the off-peak season. There are no previous studies that analyze the influence of the decision to close and which consider aspects related to the quality of life of entrepreneurs. Therefore, the study presents the first analysis of entrepreneurs’ assessments of the costs and benefits of a seasonal resting period.

A dynamic vulnerability approach for tourism destinations

Tourism destinations are vulnerable to increasing environmental change. The available scientific knowledge, however, is of little practical use as it is too aggregate, too conceptual, or too static. Various authors have called for dynamic vulnerability assessments, but the principles for dynamic vulnerability assessments have not been specified nor is it clear how to operationalise these principles. This paper formulates five principles: human agency, heterogeneity, feedbacks, uncertainty, and iteration. To address these principles, it proposes a dynamic approach that involves stakeholders. The approach’s proposed methodological tools enable system integration as well as the opportunity for both researchers and stakeholders to experience and experiment with dynamic vulnerabilities, which is key to moving beyond aggregate and static assessments. To demonstrate some of the approach’s added value for tourism destinations, a short illustration is provided of the critical challenge of sea level rise for coastal tourism in the Caribbean islands of Barbados and Curaçao. Future application of the approach can extend well beyond Caribbean coastal destinations to any other tourism destination vulnerable to environmental change.

해안관광지 방문객 특성 및 방문동기 그리고 만족도 간의 인과관계 : 오륙도 방문객을 대상으로

An aim of this study is to identify visitors’ characteristics and meaningful motivation visiting the island of Oryukdo located in Nam Gu, Busan. Based on those things identified, more efficient implications for suppliers are proposed. A survey on the spot was conducted in the vicinity of Oryukdo with structured questionnaires and factor analysis and Ordered Probit Method(OPM) were applied to analyze data collected. Based on the result of data analysis, author suggests that the best way to maintain the demand of a coastal destination like Oryukdo needs to be kept on the current level of demand by finding the impacts on overall satisfaction. In addition, such acceptance of the estimation results will enable the Oryukdo to play an important role that the city advances to a competitive international tourist spot.

Space in transformation: Public versus private climate change adaptation in peripheral coastal tourism areas—Case studies from Quebec, Canada

AbstractClimate change makes the tourism industry vulnerable, as many of its resources will be heavily impacted by its effects. Coastal destinations are likely to be the most affected by rising sea levels and extreme weather events, calling for a sociospatial analysis of the dynamics of peripheral coastal tourism communities. Using a production of space framework, we describe how tourism space is produced and (re)produced in two Canadian communities located along the St. Lawrence River estuary: Tadoussac and Notre‐Dame‐du‐Portage. A case study methodology including observation, semistructured interviews, and discourses analysis is applied to deconstruct the sociospatial process of climate change adaptation. The main findings stress the importance of discourse and land tenure strategies used by different stakeholders. Managers of publicly owned land tend to make environmental strategies (green infrastructure) central to their adaptation strategies, whereas private land owners tend to use man‐made interventions (grey infrastructure) and closing space strategies to protect and enhance their land values in response to the increasing threat and evidence of climate change impacts. The results call for further research that takes the social processes of value creation embedded in land tenure and land markets into account.