Cooperative Effort Research Articles

Sexually transmitted infections on the border between Brazil and French Guiana.

The border between the State of Amapa, Brazil, and French Guiana is mostly primary forest. In the Oyapock basin, socioeconomic circumstances have fueled sex work, gold mining and the circulation of sexually transmitted infections. Given the lack of comprehensive data on this border area, we describe the different sexually transmitted infections along the Brazil/French Guiana border and the testing and care activity. We conducted a review of the available scientific and technical literature on sexually transmitted infections in this complex border area. Temporal trends were graphed and for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) we estimated incidence using the European Center for prevention and Disease Control modeling tool. Until 2019, 26 of the 46 HIV-infected patients followed and treated in Saint Georges de l'Oyapock were residing on the Brazilian side in Oiapoque. Virological suppression was only achieved for 75% of treated patients; but dropped to 62% during the COVID-19 epidemic. In 2019, cooperation efforts allowed HIV care in Oiapoque, resulting in the transfer of Brazilian patients previously followed on the French side and a substantial increase in the number of patients followed in Oiapoque. The average yearly HIV serological testing activity at the health center in Saint Georges was 16 tests per 100 inhabitants per year; in Camopi it was 12.2 per 100 inhabitants. Modeling estimated the number of persons living with HIV around 170 persons, corresponding to a prevalence of 0.54% and about 40 undiagnosed infections. The model also suggested that there were about 12 new infections per year in Saint Georges and Oiapoque, representing an HIV incidence rate of 3.8 cases per 10,000 per year. HPV prevalence in Saint Georges ranges between 25 and 30% and between 35 and 40% in Camopi. Testing activity for other sexually transmitted infections markedly increased in the past 5 years; the introduction of PCR for chlamydiasis and gonorrhea also had a substantial impact on the number of diagnoses. The ongoing cooperation between multiple partners on both sides of the border has led to remarkable progress in primary prevention, in testing efforts, in treatment and retention on both sides of the border. In a region with intense health professional turnover, nurturing cooperation and providing accurate assessments of the burden of sexually transmitted infections is essential to tackle a problem that is shared on both sides of the border.

PKM Digital Branding for Cooperatives and UKM in Bangun Purba Timur Jaya Village

Bangun purba timur jaya village is one of the villages in Rokan Hulu, Riau Province which has 7 villages or sub-districts with a total size of 150.15 Km2 and is still categorized as Developing Village[1]. The Bangun Purba Timur Jaya Village Cooperative only focuses on savings and loans and has not been able to build more innovative cooperative enterprises, as well as SMEs, almost all existing SMEs are still individuals, making palm sugar to sell to the market or to merchants is one of the main commodities and a source of income for the population in Bangun Purba Timur Jaya Village. Most people are still independent in their business in making palm sugar, and no one has grouped or formed a cooperative. The results of the discussion were that the author found that efforts to develop products towards more high selling value still cannot be realized by the community because there are no village cooperative efforts to maximize individual-based SMEs into joint business groups, which are later expected to be able to independently increase production. The concept of SME promotion and branding that has not been implemented has resulted in a relatively insignificant increase in production[2]. The implementation method consists of four stages, namely product development, graphic design, business website management, and social media content.

Emerging trends and hotspots in metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) research from 2012 to 2021: A bibliometric analysis.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has become the most common chronic liver disease. MAFLD is a major risk factor for end-stage liver disease including cirrhosis and primary liver cancer. The pathogenesis of MAFLD is complex and has not yet been clarified. To the best of our knowledge, few studies have conducted quantitative bibliometric analysis to evaluate published MAFLD research. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of MAFLD publications over the past decade to summarize the current research hotspots and predict future research directions in this field. Articles into MAFLD published from 2012 to 2021 were identified from the Science Citation Index-Expanded of Web of Science Core Collection. CiteSpace software, VOSviewer, the "bibliometrix" R package, and the Online Analysis Platform of Literature Metrology were used to analyze the current publication trends and hotspots. We retrieved 13959 English articles about MAFLD published from 2012 to 2021. Primary sites of publication were dominated by the United States until 2014, when China became the source of most published MAFLD-related research papers. The United States was found to be the most engaged country in international cooperative efforts. Shanghai Jiao Tong University was the most productive institution. Loomba R was the most productive author with 123 articles. The co-cited keyword cluster tag showed ten main clusters: #0 liver fibrosis, #1 hemoglobin, #2 metabolic associated fatty liver disease, #3 egcg, #4 myocardial infarction, #5 heart disease, #6 pnpla3, #7 hepatocellular carcinoma, #8 noninvasive marker, and #9 children. Keyword burst analysis showed that gut microbiota was the highest-intensity research hotspot. In the past decade, the number of publications on MAFLD increased dramatically, especially in the last three years. Gut microbiota became an important research direction for etiological and therapeutic investigations into MAFLD. Insulin resistance was also a key factor in studying the development of MAFLD in recent years. Liver fibrosis was an important focus of disease development. This study provides systematic information, helps guide future research, and helps to identify mechanisms and new treatment methods for MAFLD.

School Mental Health Professionals’ Perceptions of Principal Leadership and Working Conditions During Remote and Hybrid School Operations During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Shortages of school counselors and other school mental health providers have presented ongoing concerns about meeting the mental health needs of students before, during, and following the COVID-19 global pandemic. During school closure due to COVID-19, school mental health professionals faced a variety of new challenges and stressors, presenting additional concerns that may be important to address for their recruitment and retention. To provide insight into the ways school principals can best support school-based mental health supports and services, this study aimed to understand the perspectives of school mental health professionals regarding principals’ leadership and support of positive workplace conditions during remote school operations due to COVID-19. Following a sequential mixed-methods design, this study included both quantitative and qualitative analyses, drawing on surveys completed by 74 school mental health professionals in a southeastern US state and in-depth interviews completed with a subsample of these professionals ( n = 14). Results of regression analyses suggested that positive perceptions of leadership and working conditions prior to school closures (measured retrospectively) were significantly associated with positive perceptions of leadership and conditions during remote/hybrid schooling. Results also suggested that principal support during remote/hybrid operations was positively associated with positive perceptions of working conditions. Findings from qualitative analyses indicated that many participants experienced supportive leadership practices from principals and cooperative team efforts among leaders and staff. Many participants also described challenges related to resources and service delivery. By positively cultivating and maintaining leadership and working conditions during school closures and other periods of stress and uncertainty, school leaders can help support the school professionals providing supports and services to some of our most vulnerable youth.

Industrial Development Status and Prospects of the Marine Fuel Cell: A Review

In the context of the increasingly strict pollutant emission regulations and carbon emission reduction targets proposed by the International Maritime Organization, the shipping industry is seeking new types of marine power plants with the advantages of high efficiency and low emissions. Among the possible alternatives, the fuel cell is considered to be the most practical technology, as it provides an efficient means to generate electricity with low pollutant emissions and carbon emissions. Very few comprehensive reviews focus on the maritime applications of the fuel cell. Thus, news reports and literature on the maritime applications of the fuel cell in the past sixty years were collected, and the industrial development status and prospects of the marine fuel cell were summarized as follows. Some countries in Europe, North America and Asia have invested heavily in researching and developing the marine fuel cell, and a series of research projects have achieved concrete results, such as the industrialized marine fuel cell system or practical demonstration applications. At present, the worldwide research of the marine fuel cell focuses more on the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). However, the power demand of the marine fuel cell in the future will show steady growth, and thus the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), with the advantages of higher power and fuel diversity, will be the mainstream in the next research stage. Although some challenges exist, the SOFC can certainly lead the upgrading and updating of the marine power system with the cooperative efforts of the whole world.

Community Climate Vulnerability Assessment (CCVA) to Climate Change of a Hilly Area of Rangamati District in Bangladesh

The global challenge of Climate change poses a significant threat to humanity, with its impacts already being felt in various parts of the world through unpredictable and severe weather events leading to property damage and loss of life (IPCC, 2014). Community resilience is vital in reducing the losses caused by climate change, and it depends on an understanding of perceived risks, vulnerabilities, and local efforts to mitigate them. The Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh is one of the regions that is particularly vulnerable to climate change, due to its geography, degradation of forests, sensitivity of livelihoods, and low capacity in comparison to other parts of the country (World bank 2018).Although vulnerability assessments to climate change have been conducted previously, there remains a gap in involving indigenous communities residing in hilly areas of Bangladesh. The recognition of climate change risks as perceived by local communities could serve as a foundation for developing locally-led adaptation plans aimed at building local resilience.The Basonto Mon watershed is located in Rangamati district of Bangladesh, with GPS coordinates of 22˚ 40.218"N 92˚ 16.620" E (GPS coordinates derived from Google Earth) and an elevation of 390 feet above sea level. The area comprises of five villages from varying elevations and is primarily inhabited by the Chakma community. There are 269 households in the region, primarily relying on Jhum cultivation, agriculture on fringe lands, and seasonal labor for their livelihoods, with an average annual household income of BDT 96000 (approximately US$ 1132). About 76% of the community consider themselves under serious threat from the effects of climate change, while 24% have limited understanding of the issue. Approximately 20% of the respondents believe that their livelihoods will be mostly affected by climate change, while 78% identified multiple impacts including health, disaster intensity, family workload, and more. The region is also facing severe soil erosion caused by deforestation, incorrect agricultural practices, and the monoculture of forest species such as teak. The community is at risk from agricultural drought, flash floods, landslides, cyclones, among other things, with the most impacted months being March to August.Climate drivers in the area include erratic rainfall, sudden heavy downpours, increased number of rainless days, and rising temperatures. Acute water scarcity caused by the drying of streams is another major concern for the community and has a widespread impact on women and their families. The most vulnerable sectors identified are the forest and ecosystem, livelihoods, and water security.Approximately 75% of the population is literate and has access to educational institutions and health clinics. However, the environment is fragile. To address this, there are three main priorities: 1) preserving the forests through cooperative efforts, reforestation, and public education, 2) promoting sustainable and climate-resistant agriculture, as well as alternative livelihoods and market access, and 3) improving access to clean water and preserving water sources through community-led management. Key stakeholders, such as the CHT institutions and local government bodies, are crucial in supporting the community in becoming more resilient to the effects of climate change.

The Relationship Between the Leadership Style of the Head of The Room and The Work Motivation of Nurses in The Internal Medicine Inpatient Room at The Guido Valadares National Hospital, Dili 2022

Introduction: Leadership is the ability to exert constructive influence on others to make one cooperative effort to achieve a planned goal. Motivation is something in the form of strength, energy or power, or a complex state and willingness is an impulse in the individual to move towards a certain goal. The motivation of a nurse can also undergo changes caused by factors that affect her. Methods: This research uses correlational quantitative methods, which will be carried out at, Hospital Nacional Guido Valadares Díli. Data collection techniques use questionnaires, data analysis using the Spearman Rank correlational formula. Objective: The purpose of this study is to find out a good leadership style so that the nurse's work motivation increases. Results and Discussion: Of the 48 respondents with orthocratic leadership style with percentage (22%), democratic leadership style with presentation (27%), laissez-faire leadership style with percentage (25%), participatory leadership style with percentage (26%), and from respondents 48 people with good work motivation with a total of 29 people (60.4%), Unkind motivation totaling 2 people (4.2%), moderate motivation 10 (20.8%), Motivation was excellent for 7 people (14.6%). Conclusion: The spearman rank correlation statistical test value gets a result of p=0.037<0.05, the correlation of the coefficient with the value of 0.401 means that there is a significant relationship

Degradation of Methyl Orange by Flower-like ZnO Synergistically with H2O2

Flower-like ZnO was prepared by a simple microwave method, and characterized by XRD and SEM, PL. The photocatalytic analysis of methyl orange degradation by the flower-like ZnO was carried out, and the experiment was repeated. The XRD patterns confirmed that the product was wurtzite structured ZnO. Mercury lamp of 20 W was used to degrade methyl orange, the degradation efficiency was only about 4% after 320 min. Researched the effect of H2O2 on photocatalytic performance, found degradation efficiency was more than 82% after 3 min, illustrated that H2O2 had a strong role in promoting photocatalysis, organic compounds can be degraded by cooperative effort between flower-like ZnO and H2O2. The experimental results of the degradation of Methyl Orange by ZnO synergistically with H2O2 show that the the degradation rat degradation of methyl orange by flower-like ZnO synergistically with H2O2 is increased about 27 times, H2O2 has a very good promoting effect on ZnO photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange. Finally, the mechanism of H2O2 synergistic with flower-like ZnO degradation of methyl orange was analyzed.

Основные дискурсы экосистемного подхода к анализу человеческого капитала

The proposed comprehensive review of research literature explores the emerging field of human capi­tal as an ecosystem. The study aims to discern the various approaches to the development and implementation of human capital ecosystems, laying the groundwork for future theoretical advancements in this domain. Methodological principles from systems theory, human capital studies, and ecosystem concepts were employed throughout the investigation. The study sheds light on the core purpose of interactions within the human capi­tal ecosystem, which is to develop and employ labor potential and human capital while fostering a favorable socio-economic environment. Further examination revealed fundamental aspects of the human capital ecosystem concept, elucidating the interconnected processes of formation, accumulation, implementation, distribution, and utilization of human capital. These processes hinge on the cooperative efforts of participants, involving the co-evolution of capabilities and the creation of value. Identifying six factors that influence the reproduction of human capital in an ecosystem will enable future research to create practical assessment indicators. The features of the human capital ecosystem are identified, and a definition of the concept “reproduction of human capital as an ecosystem” is proposed. The conclusion is made that research on human capital as an ecosystem is in its infancy.

Bio-inspired control by overlapping adaptive clusters: a vehicle platoon case study

Clustering vehicles in a platoon by exchanging information through communication networks leads to an improvement in their performance with a moderate cooperation effort. In particular, in this paper, a bio-inspired methodology for overlapping coalitions of vehicles is proposed, which optimizes communication and control performance. The results obtained using the proposed adaptive clusters method are compared with the ones obtained by a conventional coalitional control strategy, and the comparison illustrates the improved efficiency of the proposed method.

A framework and resource for global collaboration in non-human primate neuroscience.

As science and technology evolve, there is an increasing need for promotion of international scientific exchange. Collaborations, while offering substantial opportunities for scientists and benefit to society, also present challenges for those working with animal models, such as non-human primates (NHPs). Diversity in regulation of animal research is sometimes mistaken for the absence of common international welfare standards. Here, the ethical and regulatory protocols for 13 countries that have guidelines in place for biomedical research involving NHPs were assessed with a focus on neuroscience. Review of the variability and similarity in trans-national NHP welfare regulations extended to countries in Asia, Europe and North America. A tabulated resource was established to advance solution-oriented discussions and scientific collaborations across borders. Our aim is to better inform the public and other stakeholders. Through cooperative efforts to identify and analyze information with reference to evidence-based discussion, the proposed key ingredients may help to shape and support a more informed, open framework. This framework and resource can be expanded further for biomedical research in other countries.

Group Work Assessment: Assessing Peer Assessment at Global College of Engineering and Technology

Students learning and autonomy can be improved by involving them in teaching and learning, especially in group work assessments, this can also greatly help cut down the amount of time spent by teachers on marking and providing feedback. Although peer assessment of student work can also accomplish these goals, but its application is frequently restricted to evaluating each participant's input or participation to a cooperative effort. This paper reports the considerations and lesson learnt to successfully develop a group work assessment and marked based on the individual’s contribution to avoid conflicts. It’s worth mentioning that the peer-assessed marks are not significantly different from those allocated by faculty based on evaluative criteria, quality definitions, and a scoring strategy.

Conceptual Approach to Managing the Development of Creative Industries in Second-Tier Industrial Cities

Relevance. In contemporary urban development, knowledge and creativity play pivotal roles in transforming cities into instruments for increased attractiveness, economic growth, and citizen well-being. Despite this recognition, second-tier cities face challenges due to the lack of a comprehensive concept for managing creative industries. The creative economy, proven effective in various countries, holds potential solutions to address accumulated issues. Research objective. This study aims to conceptualize the management of the creative sector in second-tier industrial cities, fostering their revitalization and transformation into growth zones. Data and methods. The empirical focus includes 14 creative clusters in old industrial second-tier cities of the Urals and Siberia in Russia. The study constructs a typology delineating five types of creative cluster formation, based on public-private sector interaction. Content analysis examines research literature and is complemented by a systematic approach. Results. The article systematizes the most pivotal problems in the management of creative industries' development and shows the importance of addressing institutional and coordination issues. Types of creative cluster formation are identified based on the degree of interaction between the public and private sectors in the development of creative industries. Two key types of creative cluster formation—initiative-based and dependent—are identified through case studies. The study formulates a conceptual approach to managing creative industries in second-tier industrial cities. Conclusions. The management of creative industries in second-tier cities deserves to be acknowledged as a distinct area of management. Development of creative industries requires a systematic state support system and a well-defined strategy. Local authorities play a crucial role in this process, acting as focal points for cooperative efforts through regulatory innovations in urban creative industries. Key instruments for effective policy implementation include the transformation of urban spaces, establishment of creative clusters, provision of grants to support small businesses, and stimulation of export activities.

МАРКЕТИНГ ТЕРИТОРІЙ ЯК ФАСИЛІТАТОР РОЗВИТКУ ПАРТНЕРСТВА МІЖ ДЕРЖАВНИМ ТА ПРИВАТНИМ СЕКТОРАМИ

The article explores the role of territory marketing as a pivotal instrument in fostering collaborations between the public and private sectors. Highlighting the significance of strategic partnerships, the paper emphasizes that governments and private entities frequently engage in cooperative efforts to achieve shared goals. Territory marketing emerges as a crucial facilitator for such partnerships, ensuring mutual benefits from the development of specific regions. The strategic partnership is illustrated through practical examples, demonstrating how territory marketing can be employed to stimulate collaboration. The article underscores the economic advantages of effective territory marketing, such as the attraction of investments and the creation of a favorable business environment. Additionally, it explores how marketing strategies contribute to reputation management, influencing the perception of a region and attracting businesses, investors, and tourists. By examining real-world applications, the article underscores the potential of marketing strategies to drive economic development, innovation, and collaboration, thereby contributing to the overall prosperity of both sectors involved. Furthermore, the article delves into the concept of territory marketing as a multifaceted approach that extends beyond traditional economic considerations. It explores how marketing strategies can be instrumental in shaping a region's identity, fostering a sense of community, and promoting cultural richness. The importance of stakeholder engagement is also emphasized, as successful territory marketing requires active involvement and communication between government entities, businesses, and local communities. The article advocates for a holistic approach that considers the diverse interests and perspectives of all stakeholders, creating a foundation for inclusive and enduring partnerships. In summary, the article positions territory marketing not only as an economic driver but also as a catalyst for social and cultural development. It encourages a nuanced understanding of the intricate dynamics involved in public-private collaborations, emphasizing the need for strategic, well-coordinated marketing efforts to unlock the full potential of partnerships and contribute to the holistic growth of the territories involved.

Role of Literary Pragmatics in Translation: A Personal Case Study

This article aims to explain how the knowledge of pragmatics, and in particular literary pragmatics as a new approach, can help the translator. More to the point, it endeavors to highlight the important part of different pragmatic backgrounds represented by the active cooperative effort that the translator should assume with the author, source text, and the target language so that he/she can succeed in transferring faithfully elements of both literary and pragmatic registers in both source and target languages. Being a translator myself, I want to inform literary pragmatists more about the experience of translation. There should exist a dialogue and a cooperative bargain between the translators as a reader, interpreter and convertor, the text to be translated, the author, and the linguist. A personal case study from my own translations undergone to prove the close dialogue and collaboration between literature, pragmatics, translation, author and translator.

Evaluation of the role of the pharmacists in the rational use of inhaler devices in the treatment of asthma and COPD

Background and Aims: Inhaled drug-delivery is the cornerstone for the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, these diseases cannot be adequately controlled in most patients due to the misuse of inhaler devices and poor patient compliance. Patient education is a critical component of treatment and requires the cooperative effort of physicians and pharmacists. This study aimed to evaluate a pharmacists’ ability to use inhaler devices and their practical knowledge, and to assess the extent to which pharmacists have consulted on this issue for the rational drug use of asthma or COPD patients. Methods: A questionnaire containing demographic information, steps for the correct use of inhaler devices, information source for inhaler use, and patient counseling was applied to fifty community pharmacists in Istanbul and the data was evaluated. Results: The number of pharmacists who have adequate knowledge about the use of a Metered-Dose Inhaler was 59%. It was 50% for Turbuhaler®, 54% for Diskus®, and 56% for a Capsule Inhaler. Pharmacists operating in community pharmacies for up to 20 years were more knowledgeable about the correct use of inhaler devices, but there was no statistically significant difference according to the pharmacists years in practice (p<0.05 for each device). Conclusion: About half of the pharmacists did not have enough knowledge for the correct use of each inhaler device. This suggests that there is a clear need for special and continuing educational programs for pharmacists to increase their knowledge of inhaler use and attitudes towards inhaled therapy to provide better patient counseling and training in the management of asthma and COPD.

Strategi Penguatan Moral Siswa di Sekolah (Study Deskriptif Tentang Penguatan Nilai Moral Siswa Melalui Program Sekolah di SD Islam Terpadu Al-Madaniyah Samuda)

This study aims to examine how strategies strengthen student morale through school programs. In analyzing the problem, this research uses descriptive method with observation, interview and documentation techniques. Some of the findings obtained from research that the strategy of strengthening students' morale is implemented in several aspects; firstly on the school's vision and mission where the school compiles the school's vision-mission and goals which imply faith, piety and religious values ​​to strengthen student morale, second on activities both habituation activities within the school environment or activities outside the school environment related to religious activities to increase religious values, third on school facilities and infrastructure, fourth on school rules which are arranged based on the school's vision-mission and goals. The research results show that the strategy is quite successful in strengthening student morale. There are several findings that can hinder the success of applying student moral values, such as: the number of students that is not balanced with the number of classes, the lack of optimal use of facilities, the lack of commitment from school members, especially the lack of parental cooperation in efforts to strengthen student morale.

Minat Masyarakat Terhadap Pasar Modal Syariah

The role of an investor in the world of capital markets is needed. This is an effort to control economic stability that occurs due to financial crises throughout the country's economy. In the capital market economy plays an active role as one of the supporting indicators of the economy. Where the capital market has two functions, namely first as a means of business funding, secondly the capital market becomes a means for the public to invest in the capital market. The Capital Market is also an effort to support policies made by the government. Over time, now we know the term Islamic capital market which is a form of cooperative effort between PT. Indonesia Stock Exchange and MUI DSN. The Islamic capital market aims to be an investment choice for customers who want to invest their wealth in the field of sharia, both Muslim and non-Muslim investors. This is not a young thing for potential investors who will go directly to the world of Islamic capital markets. It requires sufficient expertise and knowledge about investment. As a form of business in investor development, it is necessary to educate the public about the capital market, this is the reason for the author to answer the problem using an empirical approach in which data is directly obtained from sources and then processed using qualitative research.

The Challenges of Transition to Practice Expressed Through the Lived Experience of New-to-Practice Nurses

Background: The nurse’s transition into practice is challenging. The need to facilitate a safe transition into practice and retain nurses is crucial in today’s healthcare. Objective and Design: The qualitative study aim was to describe the lived experiences of new nurses’ safe transition into practice and their perceptions of functioning as safe practitioners. Method: This descriptive, phenomenological arm of a larger, mixed methods study (Safety Transition Education to Practice study) interviewed 11 nurses with varied clinical backgrounds regarding their first six months as licensed nurses. Semistructured, one-to-one interviews with nurses representing geographical locations across the nation were conducted. Colaizzi’s method of analysis was used to extract themes. Results: The data revealed five themes with subthemes. The most universal theme was lack of practical knowledge (skills dexterity, real-world knowledge), followed by impostor syndrome, safety culture (unsafe environment, lack of supplies, lack of mentoring/management), internalized fear, and seeking the sage. Conclusion: The experiences support the understanding that transition to practice is overwhelming and uncertain. Academic faculty and practice nurses’ cooperative efforts can aid novice nurses in safe transition to practice through academic curriculum enhancement, preceptors, and nurse residency programs working toward narrowing the academic practice gap.

Inclusion of Students with Disability in Physical Education: Analysis of Trends and Best Practices

Inclusive physical education for students with disability evolved in line with ethical requirements and stakeholder morality. While inclusive physical education is embraced at a conceptual level and desired at the classroom level, the complexity of successful implementation often remains overlooked in policy and curriculum guidelines. The writing in this study uses a literature study by utilizing the scientific journal's index in Scopus from 1992 to 2022 by involving a total of 298 documents. The theme of last years was about developing media with a subject focus on prospective teachers and students of physical education as research subjects. Currently, the research theme of students with disability in physical education is studying with a focus on developing awareness toward disabilities in physical education. In future research, physical educators conceptually embraced inclusive physical education with a creative outlook for collaboration, knowledge, and support. Cooperative and supportive efforts between physical educators, students with disability, parents, and teacher aides are valued in creating physical education environments that effectively respond to learner diversity. While access to practical teaching guidance remains scarce, this study may contribute to physical educator practice.