CNC System Research Articles

The Computer Numerical Control System Design for the Saddle Surface of the Flange Connection Processing Plant

It is required to construct huge hydrocracking units in order to boost the revenue from refined goods. The barrel welding receiver skirt has a saddle-shaped surface in the reactor processing of the barrel welding receiver skirt, and the processing process is getting increasingly complex. In order to enhance the welding quality of the skirt to the actual form of the receiver as the size and wall thickness of the receiver grow, it is important to develop the CNC system for welding the skirt to the actual shape of receiver. It talked about the manufacturing plan, the hardware circuit, and the software flowchart, to name a few subjects. Finally, the C programming language and the assembles programming language are utilized to implement the manufacturing flowchart in uVision3. Protues8 is responsible for the implementation of the hardware circuit. It is demonstrated by the simulation results that the proposed design plan for the CNC system is technically possible.

Solution of logical problem of numerical program control using the software-implemented

The article covers the requirements for software-implemented logic controllers, analyzes the functionality of the controller with construction of the functional model. The given practical example of Soft PLC controller application in frame of the CNC system shows the advantages of considered approach to design of electrics control systems.

CHEOPS precision phase curve of the Super-Earth 55 Cancri e

Context. 55 Cnc e is a transiting super-Earth (radius 1.88 R⊕ and mass 8 M⊕) orbiting a G8V host star on a 17-h orbit. Spitzer observations of the planet’s phase curve at 4.5 μm revealed a time-varying occultation depth, and MOST optical observations are consistent with a time-varying phase curve amplitude and phase offset of maximum light. Both broadband and high-resolution spectroscopic analyses are consistent with either a high mean molecular weight atmosphere or no atmosphere for planet e. A long-term photometric monitoring campaign on an independent optical telescope is needed to probe the variability in this system. Aims. We seek to measure the phase variations of 55 Cnc e with a broadband optical filter with the 30 cm effective aperture space telescope CHEOPS and explore how the precision photometry narrows down the range of possible scenarios. Methods. We observed 55 Cnc for 1.6 orbital phases in March of 2020. We designed a phase curve detrending toolkit for CHEOPS photometry which allowed us to study the underlying flux variations in the 55 Cnc system. Results. We detected a phase variation with a full-amplitude of 72 ± 7 ppm, but did not detect a significant secondary eclipse of the planet. The shape of the phase variation resembles that of a piecewise-Lambertian; however, the non-detection of the planetary secondary eclipse, and the large amplitude of the variations exclude reflection from the planetary surface as a possible origin of the observed phase variations. They are also likely incompatible with magnetospheric interactions between the star and planet, but may imply that circumplanetary or circumstellar material modulate the flux of the system. Conclusions. This year, further precision photometry of 55 Cnc from CHEOPS will measure variations in the phase curve amplitude and shape over time.

METHODS FOR ESTIMATING THERMFISICAL PROPERTIES OF THE "TOOL - STEEL WORKPIECE" CONTACT PAIR AND THE POSSIBILITY OF THEIR USE IN CALCULATION OF THE PARAMETERS OF THE TURNING PROCESS

The analysis of methods for assessing the properties of contact pairs "hard alloy tool - steel workpiece" with the aim of improving the reliability of the choice of turning modes in generations of CNC systems equipped with technical intelligence. The models for calculating the cutting speed, the cutting force, the value of roughness Ra, have been corrected by introducing into their structure an additional informative value about the properties of each contact pair - the thermoEMF of the trial cut.

Transforming 3D printed CNC prototype into a plotter

We often hear about numerical control or CNC abbreviated. With this type of control, we can automatically control various processing tools such as: drills, lathes, milling cutters, rapid prototyping printers, etc. The instructions they need to receive will be in the form of a Gcode sequential program generated by the CAD / CAM drawing and manufacturing program. In the case of 3D printers, the CAD / CAM information is passed through a slicer specific to that printer, which “cuts” the object into printing slices. CNC systems are used today for virtually any process that has movements and operations, including laser cutting, hole punching, fabric cutting, welding, etc. because most CNC systems built today are 100% electronic. 3D printing of a CNC was a real challenge that aimed to understand the principles of obtaining and operating a CNC. I found that we basically have 3 devices with the same basic principles: CNC milling cutter, 3D printer and plotter. So I created a CNC that I turned into a plotter just to highlight the above.

A data-driven model for thermal error prediction considering thermoelasticity with gated recurrent unit attention

It is of great significance to reduce the thermal error of machine tools. However, there is a time lag between different temperature measurement points due to the thermoelastic effect, which causes inaccurate prediction when using only the current temperature. In this paper, the GRU time series neural network with an attention mechanism is employed to establish the thermal error model of the screw, which uses historical data and sets different weights for them. In addition, since the thermal error is closely related to the working condition, the electronic control data that reflect the working condition in the CNC system are considered. Compared with several state-of-art methods, such as RNN and LSTM, the prediction results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method. The actual machining indicates that the compensation rate exceeds 75% and can reduce the thermal error from 20 µm to 5 µm.

Development of virtual component-based STEP-compliant CNC system

Development of virtual component-based STEP-compliant CNC system

Improving stripping efficiency of double curvature surface on a setup with turret head

The study was performed to develop a method for selecting a rational profile of a profiled flap wheel for a turret stripping head for cleaning parts with different radius of the transverse curvature. Researchers from the Irkutsk National Research Technical University and Irkutsk Aviation Plant designed and fabricated a special PFS-4 (peen forming setup) unit to implement manufacturing technology of large-scale contour-forming components. The unit is equipped with a CNC system, two movable operating elements, a shot blaster and a turret stripping head with four flap wheels. The paper offers methods and criteria for selecting the profiled flap wheel for stripping the contour-forming surfaces of the components, depending on the curvature radius of the latter. A flap wheel with an optimal curvature radius of 40 m was chosen for analysis, which allows a sufficiently large range of profile curvature of the processed components (from 8 to 40 m) to be covered. Profiled flap wheels 100 and 200 m wide with a flap profile radius of 40 m provided uniform material removal when cleaning the surface with a curvature radius from 8 to 40 m without further overlapping with a finished strip. It was shown that wider profiled flap wheels are necessary to increase stripping efficiency. In this case, a 300 mm wide flap wheel can be used for a component surface area with a transverse curvature radius over 14 m and a 400 mm wheel for surface areas with a curvature radius of over 20 m. Thus, comparing the stripping process of a curved surface by the straight flap wheel revealed that profiled flap wheels significantly expand the workability of the PFS-4 unit turret stripping head.

STEP-NC Compliant Intelligent CNC Milling Machine with an Open Architecture Controller

A STEP-NC or ISO 14649 compliant machine controller is developed, using Open Architecture Control technology for a three-axis Computer Numerical Control milling machine in this research. The controller is developed on a Raspberry Pi single-board computer, using C++ language. This new development is proposed as a low-cost alternative to ISO6983 standard, ensuring continuous integration in the CAD/CAM/CNC chain in machining; thus, it broadens the spectrum of problems handled by conventional CNC systems. The new machine controller is intelligent enough to extract geometrical and manufacturing parameters, cutting tool data, and material data from the STEP-NC file. Accordingly, tool paths for machining can be generated in the controller itself. The shop floor level modification of parameters and the possibility of regeneration of new toolpaths is an added advantage of this new controller. The modified or improved version of the STEP-NC file can be sent back to the CAD/CAM system to close the CAD/CAM/CNC chain. Machine condition monitoring can be achieved by connecting sensors through an available slave I/O board. In the present development, the current drawn by each servo motor is fed back to the controller for cutting condition monitoring. A laboratory scale three-axis CNC milling machine is developed to test the performance of the newly developed controller. The accuracy of positioning, perpendicularity of axes and linearity of this machine are experimentally verified through standard tests. The STEP-NC compliance of the controller is tested and verified, using a STEP-NC program derived based on a sample program given in ISO 14649 standard.

Grinding machine CNC with noble integrated motion control system

According to research progress and applying technology of CNC control system architecture, this paper discusses three kinds of CNC control systems: Open CNC system, embedded CNC system and PLC CNC system, and a new architecture is proposed. The paper illuminates that integrated motion control system architecture is a new concept of CNC, by which it has high precision and low cost. In this paper, a grinding machining controller using this structure is described and verified by software.

VERICUT - CONFIGURING CNC SYSTEMS FOR TURNING CENTER WITH SUB-SPINDLE

This report discusses the configuration of some preparatory and auxiliary commands for the Fanuc 18i TB CNC system for a counter-spindle lathe using special macros called Vericut macros. In most cases, this is necessary because the Vericut library of machines and CNC systems does not have the specific machine and system or do not correspond to the actual ones, i. e. there is no match between them. The need to configure the CNC control system is related to the fact that it is possible to perform simulation, optimization and verification of control programs in a virtual environment before proceeding to the processing of workpieces on the real machine.

Open Source LaserGRBL – Arduino Based Laser Engraver

Nowadays technology is increasing rapidly, the usage and the implementation of CNC systems in industries and educational institutions are exponentially increasing but at a greater cost. Our main goal is to design a CNC Laser Engraver that is also a compact, cheap and low power unit that is also easy to operate in order to reduce complexity, cost and manual work. The idea of open source laserGRBL – arduino based laser engraver is to use the Open Source LaserGRBL that loads the G-code coordinates of an image that is given by user and sends those coordinates to the arduino which in turn signals the hardware components i.e. stepper-motor and laser to engrave onto the surfaces for example wood, Acrylic or plastic. The engraver will be able to engrave vector graphics in two (X & Y) axes of motion. Most of the engravers are designed in bi-directional movement and square type models. Whereas in this laser engraver, axes movements are mounted on each other and belt driven mechanism is used for engraving. Laser engraver uses a very fine matrix of dots to form images, such that a line may appear continuous to the naked eye, it in fact is a discrete set of points.

Розпізнавання аварійних ситуацій роботи верстатів з ЧПК на основі штучного інтелекту

В рамках роботи було досліджено, що для розпізнання аварійнихситуацій потрібне зняття сигналів з джерел та подальша обробка керуючогосигналу. Тип датчика, як ключова роль в технологічній системі. Длярозпізнавання катастрофічних ситуацій можливе застосування датчиківвказаних типів. Стерео- й квадро- системи для зменшення перешкод та витримка умовдля акустичного центру. Рішення з приводу відсіювання частини перешкодпід час обробки сигналу: використання математичного апарату штучнихнейронних мереж та його подальше навчання під керівництвом верстатника. During the operation of the CNC machine there are serious problems and errors that lead to catastrophic failure of the cutting tool. We found that they occur for several reasons: errors in the initial adjustment of the CNC machine, low accuracy of the workpiece surfaces, errors in the configuration of the device, errors in control programs, failures in the CNC system and unfastening of workpieces during operation. As part of the work, it was investigated that the recognition of emergency situations requires the removal of signals from the cutting area and the subsequent generation of the control signal. The type of sensor plays a key role in such recognition systems. To detect catastrophic situations, it is possible to use acoustic sensors as the easiest to install in various CNC machines.The study of the capabilities of acoustic sensors and the subsequent processing of the received signal revealed significant shortcomings: low selectivity and noise immunity (vibration of the housing to which it is fixed; chip chips and noise of pouring coolant.Stereo and quad systems are offered to reduce interference signals by withstanding the conditions of the acoustic center. We have proposed a solution for the elimination of part of the interference during signal processing: the use of the mathematical apparatus of artificial neural networks and its further training under the guidance of a machine operator.The system has a ring signal recorder so that, if necessary, the machine operator activates the "Finish" functions for the neural network. This will help not to create the entire database of signals in the laboratory, but to complete the system of accident prevention directly in production.

DEVELOPMENT OF AN ALGORITHM FOR A LINEAR INTERPOLATION SYSTEM OF CNC MACHINES USING VARIABLES IN COMPASS 3D

In this paper, we have analyzed the system programming algorithm available in the interpolator device used in CNC systems. Interpolation is a function of the interpolator structure used to process straight lines, circles, and parabolas. The CNC device cannot perform two motions at the same time and feels the need for interpolation when performing a shift along a curved contour relative to any system line on its coordinate axis. Using the Compass 3D program, we created a machine model and included system algorithms that perform interpolation.

Application Research of Computer Aided Design Control System in Numerical Control System

With the development of computer technology, computer technology has been popularized in various industries. It has also become the basic technology for the development and design of various systems. For the numerical control system, computer-aided technology makes the numerical control system more improved. This article mainly analyzes the architecture of CNC system.

Creation of CNC system’s components for monitoring machine tool health

The article proposes a model of the components of the subsystem for evaluating and monitoring the health of a CNC machine. A distinctive feature of the presented solution is that it is not limited to collecting diagnostic information from technological equipment and drawing up reports. Methods for the analysis of information have been developed that allow to determine the moment when the technical indicators of the machine mechanisms approach the permissible deviation or go beyond it, so that a decision can be made in a timely manner to maintain the machine’s operability and to exclude equipment breakdown. When constructing models of machine components, it is envisaged to use information obtained at different stages of the life cycle of a CNC machine, including such stages as design, manufacture, installation, and commissioning. In the structure of the remote monitoring system, the main components are highlighted in the form of specialized gateways for collecting data and cloud services for storing and analyzing the results. The performance check of the proposed solutions was carried out in the process of manufacturing parts on a 5-coordinate milling and machining center.

Global smoothing of short line segment toolpaths by control-point-assigning-based geometric smoothing and FIR filtering-based motion smoothing

The toolpaths for curved surfaces generated by most existing computer-aided-manufacturing applications are always consisted by short line segments. Due to the first-order discontinuity of the short line segment toolpath, the precise following of them must result in frequent acceleration/decelerations, which is easy to excite structural vibration of the machine tools, thus degrading the machining quality. To solve this problem, local corner rounding approaches are widely researched, however, most areas on the toolpath after corner rounding remains linear segments, unlike the global smoothing method who replaces all short line segments to spline curves thus obtaining smoother feed motion. Compared with the local corner rounding method, the global smoothing always requires iterative computes to satisfy the accuracy requirement, which makes it so time consuming that can hardly be utilized in CNC systems. To deal with above problem, this paper proposes a highly stable global smoothing method which does not need iterative computations. This is realized by a control-point-assigning-based global geometric smoothing algorithm and a FIR (Finite Impulse Response) filtering-based global motion smoothing algorithm. During global geometric smoothing, the short line segment toolpath is replaced by piecewise B-spline curve segments whose control points are directly assigned under the error tolerance constraint. During the global motion smoothing, a fast spline interpolation method based on FIR filtering is provided to generate smooth axial position references of the piecewise B-spline curve segments under the axial drive constraint. The whole global smoothing approach does not require pre-processing or iterative computation, which makes it easy to be applied. Extensive illustrations including numerical tests and experimental verification/comparison tests demonstrate the favorable effects of the proposed method in real-time capability and motion smoothing performance. Comparing with typical local corner rounding approach, the proposed global smoothing approach results in shorter motion time and better smoothness. Comparing with typical existing global smoothing method, the proposed method performs better in no required pre-processing and high-order motion smoothness.

A novel integrating between tool path optimization using an ACO algorithm and interpreter for open architecture CNC system

This article proposes an effective methodology to reduce manufacturing time through the creation of quasi-optimal G command sequences, based on initial machining codes derived from CAD/CAM Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) software. The optimization steps involved minimizing travel path time for CNC manufacturing machine milling and drilling. Also, identifying the optimal order of operation that enabled the shortest travel path for the cutting tool. These steps resulted in consistent enhancements of approximately 10.41% and 16.58% for milling and drilling machining, respectively. Furthermore, high-performing Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithms were used to optimize the travel path time. In the context of automatic NC program production, the optimization of the cutting tool’s travel path could be achieved by integrating the ACO algorithm and the Open Architecture Control (OAC) into commercial CAD/CAM. In this paper, a new optimized generation of CNC systems, based on combining the Open Architecture Control (OAC) technology supported by the G-code data model and the optimization algorithm are presented.

Analysis of Cyclic Automatic Systems in Programming Multifunctional Equipment for CNC and PLC Systems

A method of preparing the programming conditions within CNC and PLC operating systems is proposed, along with elements implementing control programs in multifunctional industrial equipment. It proves effective to combine elements of parametric and graphical programming in the development of both CNC and PLC subprograms.

Design of Tool Information Error Prevention Based on FIDIA

It often takes place in the field of CNC machining that quality accident of parts due to the tool information entry incorrect. In this paper, an error check program based on FIDIA CNC system is designed. The tool information in FIDIA CNC system is read by AUCOL program and compared with the theoretical tool length value to judge whether the tool information is correct, so as to reduce the tool information error in CNC system caused by human error.