Clothing Textiles Research Articles

ENTERPRISES IN CLOTHING AND TEXTILES AVAILABLE TO HOME ECONOMICS GRADUATES

This paper focused on Enterprises in Clothing and Textiles Available to Home Economics Graduates. The paper, examined some enterprises available for Home Economics Graduates. Example; Bead-work enterprise, knitting enterprises, weaving enterprise, sewing enterprise, textile enterprise, dyingenterprise, crochetingenterprise, textile clothing merchandising enterprise, among others. It also discussed some strategies for enhancing teaching and learning in clothing and textile education. The recommendations made include: Clothing and Textiles teachers should be encouraged to go teaching training to acquire more knowledge on enterprise issues. More time should be allocated for practical lessons to give students time for mastery of enterprise issues, Seminar on clothing and textiles should be organized by Home Economics lecturers to identify the enterprise knowledge required by students for clothing and textiles and ensure that students are imparted, Government should provide laboratories and equipment for proper infusion of enterprise issues in teaching clothing and textiles among others

Functional Antibacterial Nanometer Zinc Ion Yarns: Manufacturing Technique and Antimicrobial Efficacy against Escherichia coli

People are no longer satisfied with only comfortable textile clothing with advanced technology and elevated standard of living and, thus, are gradually preferring functional textiles. In the meanwhile, the spread of medical knowledge has educated the public about the antimicrobial concept. In this study, composed of different twist coefficients and different numbers of plies, the zinc ion twisted yarns are made into knitted fabrics. Next, the knitted fabrics are examined for water vapor transmission rate and antimicrobial efficacy. The test results indicate that the water vapor transmission rate is 1013 g/m2/day for 2Zn-0C-K and 981 g/m2/day for 3Zn-0C-K. However, a rise in the twist coefficient adversely affects the water vapor transmission rate. The fabric 2Zn-3C-K exhibits the maximal air permeability of 265 cm3/cm2/s and 3Zn-3C-K 186 cm3/cm2/s. Regardless of whether it is at OD600, colony count observation, or antibacterial rate, 3Zn-5C-K exhibits the maximal antibacterial rate with the value being 0.45 at OD600 and the optimal antimicrobial efficacy being 85%. To sum up, based on the interest of the test results, production cost, and manufacturing process evaluation, 2Zn-5C-K is the optimal nonwoven fabric that achieved the maximal effects.

The influence of the washing cycles on the functionality of the electric-embroidered element

In modern production, embroidered elements perform not only traditional functions of decorativeness, informativeness, but are also used in such areas as medical diagnostics and rehabilitation (e.g. embroidered sensors), implant production, smart home interior elements, smart clothing or electronic textile production. The aim of the work is to investigate and evaluate the influence of different washing cycles performed during operation on the functionality of an electric-embroidered element. It was found that after the first washing, the electrical resistance of the embroidered elements decreased compared to the unwashed specimens. After seven washings, the electrical resistance increased. In all cases, the obtained strong linear dependence between the electrical resistance and the operating cycles indicates that, with a larger number of washing cycles, the electrical conductivity of the embroidered elements decreases. The results showed that the conductivity of the closed embroidered chain of embroidered 14 mm contour width elements was obtained from ∼ 34% to ∼ 61% higher than the conductivity of 6 mm contour width elements.

Laundry Hygiene and Odor Control: State of the Science.

ABSTRACTLaundering of textiles—clothing, linens, and cleaning cloths—functionally removes dirt and bodily fluids, which prevents the transmission of and reexposure to pathogens as well as providing odor control. Thus, proper laundering is key to controlling microbes that cause illness and produce odors. The practice of laundering varies from region to region and is influenced by culture and resources. This review aims to define laundering as a series of steps that influence the exposure of the person processing the laundry to pathogens, with respect to the removal and control of pathogens and odor-causing bacteria, while taking into consideration the types of textiles. Defining laundering in this manner will help better educate the consumer and highlight areas where more research is needed and how to maximize products and resources. The control of microorganisms during laundering involves mechanical (agitation and soaking), chemical (detergent and bleach), and physical (detergent and temperature) processes. Temperature plays the most important role in terms of pathogen control, requiring temperatures exceeding 40°C to 60°C for proper inactivation, while detergents play a role in reducing the microbial load of laundering through the release of microbes attached to fabrics and the inactivation of microbes sensitive to detergents (e.g., enveloped viruses). The use of additives (enzymes) and bleach (chlorine and activated oxygen) becomes essential in washes with temperatures below 20°C, especially for certain enteric viruses and bacteria. A structured approach is needed that identifies all the steps in the laundering process and attempts to identify each step relative to its importance to infection risk and odor production.

Analysis of the Structural Decomposition of the Textile-Clothing Industry in Bangladesh

Purpose: This paper aims to introduce the technology’s role and the final demand in the textile clothing industry’s growth path (TCI) of Bangladesh. Methodology: This study applies structural decomposition analysis in the input-output framework to measure Bangladesh’s textile–clothing industry structural changes. Structural decomposition analysis is also known as growth accounting in literature. Findings: This paper finds that, from 1975 to 1995, the TCI has grown due to huge domestic demand, from 1995 to 2015, this industry has grown due to export expansion. The technology was never a key factor over low–cost labor for the development of TCI in Bangladesh. Implications: For the sustainable development of the TCI in Bangladesh, domestic demand expansion is significant. Private and public policies should reflect this expansionary (domestic demand expansion) strategy. Originality: Previous studies on the TCI were mainly descriptive; there was no decomposition analysis in the input-output framework. Moreover, this paper decomposes the growth of the TCI into technical effect and final demand effect, which are new in the ready-made garment industry of Bangladesh.

Garment Textile Correction System Based on Artificial Intelligence under Computer Parameter Optimization Design

As artificial intelligence technology is widely used in more and more fields, it has become the frontier technology of social innovation. Artificial intelligence based on the development of computer parameters has been widely used in the clothing textile industry, and the technology of the clothing textile correction system has appeared. This article will discuss in detail the development trend of my country’s artificial intelligence technology and the establishment of computer parameters for clothing textiles in combination with the development, model status, and development status of domestic and foreign clothing textiles. Trend and production models will also be developed and analyzed for apparel textile correction system models. The clothing system’s artificial intelligence and production integration, computer parameters, product specifications and other aspects are analyzed. The purpose of this article is to create a clothing textile correction system, which can provide a useful reference for the development of artificial intelligence in the clothing textile industry in our country. Based on relevant knowledge and modern theories in practice, this article is based on a clothing textile correction system using artificial intelligence in computer parameter optimization design. In the course of the experiment, the implementation of the garment textile correction system summarized the technical value and function, as well as the technical purpose and development prospects, through rigorous experiments in theory and practice, to innovate and develop the traditional garment textile production mode. Experimental data shows that under the optimized design of computer parameters, the creation of artificial intelligence-based clothing textile correction system can provide a more convenient way for the clothing textile industry, integrate artificial intelligence into clothing textile production, and improve management efficiency and production efficiency.

Performance analysis of big data transmission in wearable system based on special textile clothing

Abstract Special textile clothing covers a wide range. It includes helmet, vest, coat, trousers and boots. In the home environment, wearable devices can monitor the physiological parameters of the elderly or children according to the requirements. These physiological parameters include EEG, heart rate, blood pressure, blood glucose, height, weight, walking speed and standing posture. The acquisition and remote transmission of these parameters are very important for the monitored and information center. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze and simulate the transmission performance of data. This work mainly introduces the principle of performance analysis, simulation model and numerical calculation. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can still improve the quality of service under the same network conditions.

Development of an algorithm for forming the structure of composite fiber insulation with heat-accumulating properties in clothing

In the article research results are presented, which aim to development of an algorithm for forming the structure of composite fiber insulation with heat-accumulating properties in clothing. The presence of heat-retaining polymer components in the structure of the fibrous composition of materials leads to its general heterogeneity. Combining such materials with traditional fibrous structures is a rather promising area, as it allows for the use of heat-retaining effect not only in thin materials, but also in voluminous thermal insulating materials. As the main core fibrous composition of materials used to study a system of combining with elements of heat-retaining components, we have selected composition of polyester fibers of various configurations and sizes. Pattern of connections between the composition of fibers and groups of materials intended for integrating with heat-retaining components, scheme for creating priority fibrous materials with heat-retaining properties, which form heat-protective textile clothing shells we have developed.

Current methodologies and approaches for the formation of core–sheath polymer fibers for biomedical applications

The application of polymer fibers has rocketed to unimaginable heights in recent years and occupies every corner of our day-to-day life, from knitted protective textile clothes to buzzing smartphone electronics. Polymer fibers could be obtained from natural and synthetic polymers at a length scale from the nanometer to micrometer range. These fibers could be formed into different configurations such as single, core–sheath, hollow, blended, or composite according to human needs. Of these several conformations of fibers, core–sheath polymer fibers are an interesting class of materials, which shows superior physical, chemical, and biological properties. In core–sheath fiber structures, one of the components called a core is fully surrounded by the second component known as a sheath. In this format, different polymers can be applied as a sheath over a solid core of another polymer, thus resulting in a variety of modified properties while maintaining the major fiber property. After a brief introduction to core–sheath fibers, this review paper focuses on the development of the electrospinning process to manufacture core–sheath fibers followed by illustrating the current methodology and approaches to form them on a larger scale, suitable for industrial manufacturing and exploitation. Finally, the paper reviews the applications of the core–sheath fibers, in particular, recent studies of core–sheath polymer fibers in tissue engineering (nerve, vascular grafts, cardiomyocytes, bone, tendons, sutures, and wound healing), growth factors and other bioactive component release, and drug delivery. Therefore, core–sheath structures are a revolutionary development in the field of science and technology, becoming a backbone to many emerging technologies and novel opportunities.

Flame Resistant Cotton Fabric Containing Casein and Inorganic Materials Using an Environmentally-Friendly Microwave Assisted Technique

New methods for formulating flame retardant cotton fabrics have been achieved by applying a microwave-assisted technique with low amounts of solvent. Trials using cotton fabrics treated with casein from bovine milk and eco-friendly inorganic materials, urea and diammonium phosphate, were completed successfully. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), 45 ° angle (clothing textiles test), and limiting oxygen index (LOI) tests were carried out for the treated cotton fabrics. When the treated fabrics were tested using the 45 ° angle flame, the ignited fabrics self-extinguished and left behind a streak of char. Treated higher add-on fabrics were neither consumed by flame, nor produced glowing embers upon self-extinguishing. All untreated cotton fabrics showed limiting oxygen index (LOI) values of about 18 % oxygen in nitrogen. For formulations with casein, urea and diammonium phosphate, LOI values of treated fabrics were 32.0–44.0 % oxygen in nitrogen when add-on values for the formulation were 9.71–23.5 wt%. Furthermore, scanning electron microscope (SEM) was employed to characterize the chemical structure on the treated fabrics, as well as, the surface morphology of char areas of treated and untreated fabrics.

Microplastics as emerging atmospheric pollutants: a review and bibliometric analysis

Microplastics are ubiquitously present in various environments; thus, they have become a noteworthy issue by researchers. The present study aimed to provide state-of-the-art on microplastic studies and in detail to review the researches on atmospheric microplastic pollution in terms of occurrence, distribution, sampling, analysis, sources, and transport. The results of the bibliometric analysis showed that the annual output in microplastic research has increased, especially during the last 5 years. The research hot spots in the microplastic topic are marine environment, surface water, freshwater, wastewater, toxic effects, and fate and transport of microplastics. The number of studies investigating atmospheric microplastic pollution is still so limited, although microplastics in the atmosphere became one of the notable subjects. Natural and synthetic fibers were mainly detected in the studies investigating microplastic pollution in the air. Textile clothes, anthropogenic activities, and fragmentation of large plastics were indicated as the main sources, while the wind was pointed out as the predominant transport mechanism of atmospheric microplastics. Detailed and comprehensive studies on the determination of the fate and transport of microplastics in the air as well as their health effects are needed.

Multicriteria Decision-Making in Complex Quality Evaluation of Ladies Dress Material

Abstract Quality is the essence of any product for consumer satisfaction. However, different people have different perception of quality. Eventually the definition of quality varies from product to product and thus it is much more complex in textile clothing material evaluation. The end use application of a specific clothing material determines what should be the parameters of quality evaluation. Thus, the evaluation based on subjective assessment becomes unpredictable and unquantifiable. Quality for dress materials is not simply a physical parameter but something called as psycho-physical parameter. In recent times, many objective evaluation systems have been developed to evaluate the apparel grade textile materials with regard to their quality parameters. However, the evaluation does not involve enough statistical treatment of data so as to obtain a parametric weighted characterization of complex quality. The current work deals with parametric approach to complex quality evaluation based on multicriteria decision-making approach for ladies dress materials. The ladies dress materials are of numerous varieties and choices across the globe. The selection and marketing of these kinds of textile materials need to be given proper emphasis as it depends not only on physical parameters but also on climate, geography, ethnic group, market trend, age group, gender, and many such complex parameters, which are not quantifiable in absolute terms. In this study, woven fabrics used for ladies dress materials are collected from the market and they were evaluated for the consumer-oriented property parameters. A parametric approach is adopted to quantify the overall quality of these dress materials. Various objective techniques were used to evaluate the comfort and esthetic parameters. A complex quality index (CQI) was estimated with weighted combination of all the contributing parameters and total quality index was calculated. Selected consumers with different education level, age, and gender were interviewed to get a statistic of their opinion about quality parameters preferred by them. This complex quality index/degree of satisfaction shows very high correlation with subjective judgment. A CQI can be evaluated for each kind of clothing material looking into their applications.

Heat, moisture and air transport through clothing textiles

The body generates sweat and heat that must be removed from the surface of the skin to the outside environment in order to maintain body temperature. The transfer of sweat, heat and air through the fabric is important for the wearer’s comfort. The fabric transports moisture by absorption or wicking processes. Moisture is absorbed by the fabric and when it evaporates it cools the body. Wicking occurs when moisture is transported in between the pores of the fabrics or by capillary action in yarns. Heat transfer involves conduction, convection and radiation and because air movement by convection facilitates the evaporation of sweat, it can make a substantial contribution to causing the body temperature to decrease. Clothing impairs the transfer of heat and moisture from the skin surface to the external environment. Restricting heat transfer to the external environment helps to keep the wearer warm but excessive accumulation of moisture causes clothing to stick to the skin, while the accumulation of heat causes heat stress making the wearer feel uncomfortable. Moisture, heat and air transmission are affected by fibres, fabrics and finishing properties and hydrophilic fibres absorb more moisture than lipophilic fibres. Rapid transportation of sweat and heat helps the body to cool down and the wearer to feel comfortable but protective clothing tends to have lower moisture, heat and air transmission and as a result the accumulation of moisture and heat makes them uncomfortable to wear. Traditional methods of evaluating the effects of moisture, heat and air transmission by clothing use bench-top tests on flat fabric, however, the more-recent use of manikins enables consideration to be taken of body shape as well as fit of the garments.

Biocompatible and Smart Composites from Cellulose, Wool, and Phase-Change Materials Encapsulated in Natural Sporopollenin Microcapsules

Natural pollen grains were cleaned to remove all external and internal cytoplastic materials to produce sporopollenin exine capsules (SECs). SECs are empty microcapsules with extensive networks of holes that are ∼200 nm in diameter, which remain intact. Various substances including phase-change materials (PCMs) such as n-octadecane (C18), n-eicosane (C20, EIS), n-docosane (C22), or a mixture of them (C18 + C22) can be encapsulated into the cavity of SECs. [EIS (or PCMs)@SEC] was obtained with an encapsulation efficiency of at least 76 wt %. SECs are robust and very stable. They protect encapsulated EIS during phase transitions, so they retain their phase change property and guard them against corrosive environments and elevated temperatures. [EIS@SEC] can therefore be incorporated into cellulose (CEL) and keratin (KER, from wool) composites using butylmethylimmidazolium chloride [BMIM+Cl–], a simple ionic liquid, as a sole solvent to synthesize [CEL + KER + EIS@SEC] composites. EIS in the [CEL + KER + EIS@SEC] composites behaves similarly to EIS alone. It will melt when heated and crystallize when cooled. Energy resulting from these phase transitions allows [CEL + KER + EIS@SEC] composites, like other PCMs, to warm their surroundings by releasing energy and, conversely, to cool their surroundings as they heat up by absorbing energy. The latent heat storage and release efficiency of the [CEL + KER + EIS@SEC] composites is estimated to be about 80%. After going through the heating–melting cycle 200 times, the DSC curves of the [CEL + KER + EIS@SEC] composites remained the same. This indicates that SECs are in fact fully and effectively retaining the encapsulated EIS and protecting it from leaking out. The [CEL + KER + EIS@SEC] composites are robust, have strong mechanical properties, and possess antibacterial activity. This makes them superior to other microencapsulated PCMs that are currently available. Furthermore, the composites are sustainable and biocompatible as they are synthesized from naturally abundant materials (cellulose, wool, natural pollen grains, and wax) using a green and recyclable synthesis. More importantly, the fact is that not only individual PCM such as EIS but also a mixture of two different PCMs such as a mixture of (C22 + C18) can be simultaneously encapsulated into the SEC. These features enable the [CEL + KER + EIS@SEC] composites to be uniquely suited as high-performance materials for such uses as dressings to treat infected burn wounds, smart textiles for clothing, smart building materials, and energy storage at any given temperature.

Digital replication and reconstruction of mail armour

Abstract Digital reconstruction of historical costumes is a broad research area, which brings together archaeology, dress history and digital technologies. Mail armour includes many damaged and sometimes now fragile artefacts which could be reconstructed in virtual reality. However, contemporary methods of digitization were developed for textile clothes and cannot accurately reproduce the draping behaviour and appearance of a mail fabric made from metal rings. This article reports a new method of digital reproduction that uses parameterization, computer-aided design and physically-based rigid body simulation. The object of the reconstruction was the Vimose coat of mail, dating to AD 150–220. Despite being damaged, this garment was preserved well enough to provide initial data for the exploration. Parameterization and parametric 3D modelling software were used to create exact copies of the rings, connect them into a pattern and determine the properties of the mail fabric. The rigid body simulation of 19,123 rings were applied to reproduce the draping behaviour of the mail fabric and put the coat on the mannequin. Digital replicas of the Vimose coat in its original pristine- and current condition were generated, and the similarity between the replicas and the coat was demonstrated. This method provides a new way to obtain important insights on archaeological armour and the preservation of cultural heritage in a digital manner.

Circular Business Models in Textiles and Apparel Sector in Slovakia

The circular economy is characterized as regenerative economy that aims to preserve the greatest value of products and materials. Currently, the transition to the circular economy is not only a necessity, but it gradually becomes a social and economic paradigm. The implementation of the circular economy gradually changes and will change the nature and intensity of every sector regardless of its reproductive cycle. For producers, particularly in the rapidly growing sectors, the development of innovative business models will be essential to comply with the principles of the circular economy. The fastest growing sector includes the textiles and clothing industry. The implementation of innovative business models in the field of textile and clothing industry is thus a challenge that the sector is facing. Slovakia as EU member state is facing the same challenge. Bodies operating in the textile and clothing industries must be gradually prepared for changes that brings the legislation and get ready for the trends that determine the changes mentioned. The article presents the results of research that shows the potential of the Slovak textile and clothing producers, coupled with the transition to the aforementioned new economic model, with a focus on implementing new circular business models into their activities, benefits and disadvantages of this procedure and the limits of implementation new business models into the activities of entities operating in the textile clothing industry in Slovakia.Implications for Central European audience: This paper aims to contribute to the development of a topical and beneficial subject-matter related to transition from a linear to a circular economy in Central Europe. This entails knowledge on the imminent obligations of producers in one of the fastest growing sectors of Central European economies, i.e. in the textile and clothing industry. Such knowledge enriches the existing business models with a new business paradigm. In theoretical terms, this knowledge creates a platform for further scientific research potential and economic, business, and management education at universities. In practical terms, this knowledge represents a proactive approach of producers to the creation and implementation of innovative business models.

Highly Stretchable and Conductive Hybrid Fibers for High-performance Fibrous Electrodes and All-solid-state Supercapacitors

The development of lightweight, flexible, and stretchable energy storage systems is essential for state-of-the-art electronic devices. We propose a new and broad strategy to fabricate a stretchable and conductive GO/CNTs-TPU fiber electrode by direct wet spinning, from which a flexible fibrous supercapacitor is fabricated. The fibrous electrode exhibits a high strength of 11.68 MPa, high conductivity of 342 S/cm, and high specific capacitances (21.8 mF/cm, 36.45 F/cm3, and 95 F/g). The specific capacitance of the assembled all-solid-state hybrid fiber-shaped supercapacitor reaches 14.3 F/cm3. After 5000 charge-discharge cycles, 97% of the capacitance of the hybrid supercapacitor is maintained. These high-strength electrochemical electrode materials could be potential candidates for applications in practical and large-scale energy storage systems and textile clothes.

Switchable Wettability of Poly(NIPAAm-co-HEMA-co-NMA) Coated PET Fabric for Moisture Management.

In this study, we synthesized a random poly[(N-isopropylacrylamide)-co-(2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate)-co-(N-methylolacrylamide)] [poly(NIPAAm-co-HEMA-co-NMA)] copolymer through free-radical polymerization. The NIPAAm, HEMA and NMA moieties were framed to provide thermoresponsiveness, water absorption and retention control, and chemical cross-linking to achieve stability in aqueous medium, respectively. The copolymer showed a significant change in optical transmittance with a variation in temperature due to the change in volume (i.e., hydrophilic/hydrophobic) between 25 °C and 40 °C, attributed to the lower critical solution temperature property of the NIPAAm moiety. The copolymers were wire-bar-coated onto polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fabric. Variation in the water contact angle affirmed the switchable wettability due to the change in temperature. We tested the coated fabrics for moisture absorption and release at different temperatures. The results at 20 °C and 37 °C indicated that the P2 copolymer had the highest moisture absorption and release capability. Therefore, the copolymers with tailored properties can be used as smart textiles for activity specific clothing.

Оцінка впливу фінансово-економічної кризи та пандемії COVID-19 на національний ринок праці

The impact of quarantine restrictions during the global COVID-19 pandemic and the financial and economic crisis on the national labor market was explored in the article. Possible changes in the number of people employed in various sectors of the Ukrainian economy were determined on the basis of estimates of expected production volumes and subject to maintaining the achieved level of labor productivity in previous years. The characteristic was given to the negative trends of declining demand for personnel by industry, construction, services. Metallurgical production, mechanical engineering, electricity production, textile clothing production, production of consumer durables were attributed to the main types of industrial activity, where there are very negative trends in production. The expected amount of layoffs and growth in the number of unemployed was calculated for the crisis period of 2020-2021. The reduction of staff occurred in more than a third of enterprises in construction and services, which is taken into account in the calculations. Three temporal stages of overcoming the economic recession and overcoming the economic consequences of quarantine, which determine the content, nature and depth of social risks in the system of social and labor relations and in the field of employment, were proposed. The sequence of social risks associated with declining business activity, quarantine restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the intensification of the digitalization of the economy and society has been determined. The growth of social insecurity and insufficiency of livelihoods is expected at the first stage, the risks of unemployment persist, the risks of non-compliance of labor supply with educational and professional needs of the labor market, increased labor migration, increased partial and informal employment increase in the second stage; social risks due to the intensity of digitalization increase in the third stage.

CONTAMINATION OF WHITE COATS BY HEALTH PROFESSIONALS IN PROVIDING HEALTH CARE

Introduction: Health care-related infections are considered a public health problem, as they compromise the safety and quality of care provided to users of this service. The objective is to describe the occurrence of contamination of textile clothing by health professionals in the provision of health care. Outline: Integrative literature review conducted in October 2018 in SciELO and the VHL. Controlled health descriptors were used: ‘cross infection’ AND ‘health personnel’ AND ‘clothing’. After the selection steps, 11 articles remained. Results: It is observed that four (36.36%) articles have as objectives: to determine the biological characteristics of microorganisms present in the white coats, what type, level, frequency and places of contamination of the white coats; four (36.36%) are aimed at identifying transmission potentials and reducing contamination and infection control strategies through the use of gloves and white coats; one (9.09%) aims to evaluate domestic washing procedures and one (9.09%) aims to examine the maintenance and use of lead clothing by assessing microbiological contamination in surgical procedures. Implications: There is a challenge to be faced which is related to educational actions and continuing education.