Clothing Textiles Research Articles

Microplastics in wastewater plants: A review of sources, characteristics, distribution and removal technologies

Microplastics (MPs) are widespread in everyday life, and since wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) serve as an important route for MPs to enter natural water bodies, a thorough understanding of the distribution and removal of MPs in wastewater treatment plants is of great importance. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the measured distribution of MPs and the current status of their removal in wastewater treatment plants. The main sources of MPs in wastewater treatment plants are personal care products in domestic wastewater, textile clothing and industrial wastewater made from plastics, textile factories and the friction of road tires. The MPs that entered the sewage treatment plant were predominantly in the form of fibers, fragments, granular MPs and other types of MPs. The size of MPs is divided into three categories: <0.5 mm, 0.5–1 mm and 1–5 mm. At all treatment stages in wastewater plants, 56.8–88.4 % of MPs are removed in primary treatment, but the primary sedimentation and degreasing stages remove most MPs. The efficiency of the activated sludge process for secondary treatment is inconsistent and is generally between 42.1 and 99.2 %. The coagulation, filtration and disinfection stages of tertiary treatment all have some MPs removal capacity. In addition, novel removal technologies are also described, such as modified filtration technology, membrane separation technology, electroflocculation, sol-gel and photocatalysis. These novel removal technologies can further limit the entry of microplastics into natural water bodies through sewage treatment plants and improved sewage treatment processes help reduce the risk of MPs entering the natural environment through sewage treatment plants. This article will provide reference for the distribution and removal of microplastics in various levels of WWTPs.

Textiles from the Ust-Voikary Hillfort Site (Based on Materials from 2012–2016 Excavations)

The article describes 366 samples of clothing (some of them attributable), collected in 2012–2016 from cultural layers of the 15th to middle 18th centuries at the Ust-Voikary hillfort site in the subarctic zone of Western Siberia. We provide technological characteristics: size, state of preservation, color, properties of threads and fibers, interlacing system, technological errors, cut, and traces of repair. Both animal and plant fibers are present, and plain and twill weaving are attested. Ethnographic and zoological data provide information on the textile technologies used by residents of the polar zone of Western Siberia, and allow us to compare them with those known from other sites. We conclude that types of textiles for clothing remained virtually the same from the 15th to the 18th centuries. Fabrics, mostly woolen, were imported.

PBAT/PLA-Based Electrospun Nanofibrous Protective Clothes with Superhydrophobicity, Permeability, and Thermal Insulation Characteristics for Individuals with Disabilities.

This study presents the development of multifunctional protective clothing for disabled individuals using PBAT/PLA biopolymeric-based electrospun nanofibrous membranes. The fabric consists of a superhydrophobic electrospun nanofibrous cloth reinforced with silica nanoparticles. The resulting nanofiber membranes were characterized using FE-SEM, a CA goniometer, breathability and hydrostatic pressure resistance tests, UV-vis spectroscopy, thermal infrared photography, tensile tests, and nanoindentation. The results demonstrated the integration of superhydrophobicity, breathability, and mechanical improvements in the protective clothing. The nanofibrous porous structure of the fabric allowed breathability, while the silica nanoparticles acted as an effective infrared reflector to keep the wearer cool on hot days. The fabric's multifunctional properties make it suitable for various products, such as outdoor clothing and accessories for individuals with disabilities. This study highlights the importance of selecting appropriate textiles for protective clothing and the challenges faced by disabled individuals in terms of mobility, eating, and dressing. The innovative and purposeful design of this multifunctional protective clothing aimed to enrich the lives of individuals with disabilities.

Country‐level analysis of the relationships between sustainability and the textile–clothing–leather–footwear industries

Country‐level analysis of the relationships between sustainability and the textile–clothing–leather–footwear industries

Wastepaper-Based Cuprammonium Rayon Regenerated Using Novel Gaseous-Ammoniation Injection Process.

Rayon is an extremely valuable cellulosic fiber in the global textile industry. Since cuprammonium rayon is more eco-friendly than other types of rayon fabrics, it was synthesized by regenerating α-cellulose isolated from wastepaper using a novel gaseous-ammoniation injection (GAI) process. This was achieved by preparing tetra-ammine copper hydroxide (cuoxam solution) via reacting copper sulfate and sodium hydroxide to produce copper hydroxide that was, finally, ammoniated by injecting the gas directly to the reaction vessel instead of using ammonium hydroxide applied by prior art. After that, the air-dried cellulose was chemically generated by dissolving it in a freshly prepared cuoxam solution and, subsequently, was regenerated by extruding it within a hardening bath constituted mainly from citric acid, producing the cuprammonium rayon (c. rayon). The properties of the fibrous, structural (XRD and mechanical), physical, and chemical features were investigated. It was found that the rayon was produced in a high yield (90.3%) with accepted properties. The fibrous properties of the rayon staple length, linear density, and fiber diameter were found to be 44 mm, 235 Tex, and 19.4 µm, respectively. In addition, the mechanical properties determined, namely tensile strength, elongation at break, modulus of elasticity, and breaking tenacity, were found to be 218.3 MPa, 14.3 GPa, 16.1%, and 27.53 cN/Tex, respectively. Based on this finding, and upon injecting the ammonia gas through the α-cellulose saturated and immersed in the Cu (OH)2 to complete producing the cuoxam solvent, we find that theuse of an injection rate of 120 mL/minute to obtain the highest fibers' tensile strength for the final product of the c. rayon is preferable. Utilization of higher rates will consume more amounts of the ammonia gas without gaining noticeable enhancement in the c. rayon's mechanical quality. Accordingly, the GAI invention rendered the c. rayon favorable for use in making sustainable semisynthetic floss for either insulation purposes or spun threads for woven and nonwoven textile clothing.

MXene coating on waste textiles for wearable electronics and thermal regulation

AbstractTransforming discarded textiles into more valuable products through upcycling offers a multi-pronged approach to alleviating textile industry-related pollution. In this study, we employed a facile approach to upcycling waste textile fabrics via MXene functionalization using a passive dip-coating process. The method is straightforward and versatile, producing a continuous coating on a variety of natural and synthetic textile substrates such as cotton, hemp, and nylon. Even with a minimal amount of MXene, the coated fabrics displayed sufficient conductivity, unlocking their potential for a multitude of applications including Joule heating, strain sensing, and infrared (IR) camouflage. The simplicity of this method provides an alternative utilization for fabric off-cuts and end-of-life garments in the production of multifunctional textiles for smart wearable clothing, potentially mitigating the expected scarcity of textile resources in the forthcoming decades. Graphical abstract This study employed a simple and versatile approach of upcycling waste textile fabrics via MXene functionalization through a passive dip coating process, meeting the demands for materials that are both sustainable and multi-functional.

Clothing Textiles as Carriers of Biological Ice Nucleation Active Particles.

Microplastics have littered the globe, with synthetic fibers being the largest source of atmospheric microplastics. Many atmospheric particles can act as ice nucleators, thereby affecting the microphysical and radiative properties of clouds and, hence, the radiative balance of the Earth. The present study focused on the ice-nucleating ability of fibers from clothing textiles (CTs), which are commonly shed from the normal wear of apparel items. Results from immersion ice nucleation experiments showed that CTs were effective ice nucleators active from -6 to -12 °C, similar to common biological ice nucleators. However, subsequent lysozyme and hydrogen peroxide digestion stripped the ice nucleation properties of CTs, indicating that ice nucleation was biological in origin. Microscopy confirmed the presence of biofilms (i.e., microbial cells attached to a surface and enclosed in an extracellular polysaccharide matrix) on CTs. If present in sufficient quantities in the atmosphere, biological particles (biofilms) attached to fibrous materials could contribute significantly to atmospheric ice nucleation.

A Comparison of Enhancement and Visualization Techniques of Friction Ridge Bloodstain Patterns on Various Textiles

This study investigates the feasibility of observing identifiable friction ridge patterns within a blood medium on common clothing textiles

An Investigation of Online Consumers' Choices of Textiles and Clothing Color and Design

This study investigated online consumers’ purchase behaviour towards the colour and design of textile clothing. Bestseller products on Amazon's e-shop were collected for four categories in women’s clothing: Coats, jackets, vests, skirts, dresses and tops, tees, and blouses. The best-seller products ranked from the highest to the least at identified retrieval time were analysed for each category. The analysis was based on mixed methodology, combining qualitative and quantitative methods to analyse collected data relevant to colour and pattern design and the frequencies of choosing them. It was found that black was the most desired colour by online shoppers, followed by White. Therefore, black and white shades -not considered colours - are the most purchased online. This result would be due to these shades' independence from visual display qualities. This finding would interpret the challenge of marketing clothing and textile products through e-stores. Multi-colour designed textiles occupied the second position in textile design and colour. These results mean that online consumers preferred black and white shades and a designed clothing textile. Therefore, textile print design products could be more prominent in online markets than plain products of various brightness and saturation levels. These research findings support textile print designers in considering the specifications of online products in terms of design attributes, listing, and competitive advantage.

Operator-derived particles and falling bacteria in biosafety cabinets

IntroductionTo ensure the sterility of cell products that cannot undergo conventional sterilization processes, it is imperative to establish and maintain a clean room environment, regulated through environmental monitoring, including particle counts. Nevertheless, the impact of particles generated by operators as potential contaminants remains uncertain. Thus, in this study, we conducted an accelerated test to assess the correlation between particles generated by operators and airborne bacteria, utilizing biosafety cabinets within a typical laboratory setting. These biosafety cabinets create a controlled environment with air conditioning and high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters, offering fundamental data relevant to cell production. Materials and methodsWe conducted a simulation followed by real-time experiments involving human operations to explore the quantity of particles, particle sizes, and the percentage of bacteria within these particles. This investigation focused on conditions with heightened particle generation from operators within a biosafety cabinet. The experiment was conducted on operators wearing textile and non-woven dustless clothing within biosafety cabinets. It entailed tapping the upper arms for a duration of 2 min. ResultsObservations under biosafety cabinet-off conditions revealed the presence of various particles and falling bacteria in textile clothing. In contrast, no particles or falling bacteria were detected in operators wearing dustless clothing within biosafety cabinets. Notably, a correlation between 5 μm particles and colony-forming units in textile clothing was identified through this analysis. The ratio of falling bacteria to the total number of particles within the biosafety cabinet was 0.8 ± 0.5 % for textile clothing, while it was significantly lower at 0.04 ± 0.2 % for dustless clothing. ConclusionThis study demonstrated that the number of particles and falling bacteria varied depending on the type of clothing and that quantitative data could be used to identify risks and provide basic data for operator education and evidence-based control methods in aseptic manufacturing areas. Although, this study aims to serve as an accelerated test operating under worst-case conditions, the results need to make sure the study range in general research.

Investigation of the influence of the environment on the electrical properties of textile clothing materials

Investigation that Elevated levels of static electricity build-up on the surfaces of work clothes, different technological structures, and polymeric materials can cause disruptions to the techno-bio system, resulting in adverse physiological effects in humans, accidents caused by humans, and environmental disasters. Under conditions of low temperatures, electrostatic charge on polymeric materials is intensively generated. Synthetic materials have an increased ability to electrify. The processes were studied the mechanisms of the occurrence of a electricity an polymer materials of clothing in winter. The logical structure of the model of the formation of an electrostatic field on the surface of polymer materials of objects in environmental conditions during a snowstorm has been developed. A set of materials for experimental thermal protective clothing was investigated. The findings from the investigation into the process of electrification in the layers of materials used to make thermally protective clothing are gathered and given. As follows from the graphs, the limiting value of the electrostatic field strength can occur already with an external field of 15000 V/m. The formation of charges is facilitated by the physical conditions of the snowstorm electrification in the system of polymer structures.

Systematic Evaluation of Research Progress in the Textile Field over the Past 10 Years: Bibliometric Study on Smart Textiles and Clothing

Intelligent textile clothing is one of the most popular topics in the field. In recent decades, rapid advances have been made in the area of intelligent textile clothing research, and the intellectual structure pertaining to this domain has significantly evolved. We used CiteSpace 6.2.R4, VOSviewer 1.6.19, to evaluate and visualize the results, analyzing articles, countries, regions, institutions, authors, journals, citations, and keywords. Both a macroscopic sketch and a microscopic characterization of the entire knowledge domain were realized. The aim of this paper is to utilize bibliometric and knowledge mapping theories to identify relevant research papers on the subject of smart textiles and clothing that have been published by the China Knowledge Network Web of Science (WOS) within the last decade. It is concluded that the main topics of smart textile and garment research can be divided into nine categories: wearable electronics, smart textiles, flexible antennas, energy storage, textile actuators, mechanical properties, asymmetric supercapacitors, carbon nanotubes, and fiber extrusion. In addition to the latter analysis, emerging trends and future research foci were predicted. This review will help scientists discern the dynamic evolution of intelligent textile clothing research as well as highlight areas for future research.

Do mineral rents endowment and agricultural raw material imports determine natural resource management in the United States?

The scarcity of natural resources is an issue that affects many countries around the world. Mineral rents and agricultural raw material imports have a large impact on the availability of these resources. Natural resource management is the practice of using natural resources such as water, land, soil, plants, and animals for the benefit of society. This paper examines the impact of mineral rents, and agricultural raw materials imports on natural resource management in the United States from 1975 to 2020, using textile clothing, alternative energy sources, and CO2 emissions as control variables. The results show that textile clothing, mineral rents, alternative nuclear energy, and CO2 emissions are statistically significant at 1%. Textile and clothing production, alternative and nuclear energy, and CO2 emissions are all activities that can hurt natural resources. In contrast, evidence suggests that mineral rents can positively influence natural resource rents. Implementing efficient production processes and technologies is essential for reducing resource use. At the same time, governments must create incentives to encourage using more sustainable resources. This could include tax incentives for companies that use sustainable resources or subsidies for developing more efficient production processes. The best way to address the scarcity of natural resources is through careful management of mineral rents and agricultural raw material imports. Finally, policymakers must ensure that the benefits of the imports outweigh the costs to the environment and natural resources and encourage only sustainable resources to be used, and that production processes are designed to minimize resource use.

Research on the Collaborative Evaluation and Development of Digital Trade and Industrial Clusters: Taking Relevant Industries in Guangzhou as an Example

This paper constructs a synergy model between digital trade and industrial clusters from the perspective of system theory. Five major industrial clusters in Guangzhou, including textile and clothing, beauty and daily chemical, luggage and leather goods, jewelry, and food and beverage, are selected to analyze the evolution trend of the composite system between digital trade and industrial clusters. The study found that the luggage and leather goods industry is in the expansion stage of the synergy between digital trade and industrial clusters. The other four industries are still in the initial stage of digital trade and industrial cluster synergy, with low synergy level. The textile clothing industry has the least obvious growth momentum, showing the lowest level of synergy between digital trade and industrial clusters. By promoting the efficient evolution of the system, the upgrading and transformation of industrial clusters through digital trade can be achieved, and the deepening development of digital service trade based on industrial clusters can be effectively supported. This paper can provide recommendation for the collaborative development of Guangzhou's industrial digitization and digital industrialization.

Lexical and semantic features of translating names of Kazakh national clothing

The article provides information about the fact that in the distant Paleolithic – Stone Age, humanity began to create leather and textile clothing using bone needles, bones, and other types of clothing culture, along with the use of clothing without seams. In the Neolithic period, the profession of weaving, spinning and weaving developed, and when we consider the types of clothing worn on the shoulders and waist from a linguistic point of view, they have their own names, depending on their specific functions and national characteristics. The appearance of names related to clothing has enriched the vocabulary of our language. The peculiarities of translating the names of national clothes into other languages, including English, belonging to the West German group, can be considered as the relevance of scientific work because such complex scientific research is proposed for the first time. The practical significance of scientific work is to use the results of research work in the field of literature, translation, reading and understanding of texts, compiling dictionaries, preparing scientific reports, training in educational programs in the textile industry and design. The comparative method and the method of translation analysis were used in the scientific work. &nbsp; Keywords: linguistics, translation, transcription, transliteration, calculus, close translation, clothing names, lexical and semantic specifics &nbsp

Antimicrobial Nanomaterials as Advanced Coatings for Self-Sanitizing of Textile Clothing and Personal Protective Equipment.

Controlling bioaerosols has become increasingly critical in affecting human health. Natural product treatment in the nano form is a potential method since it has lower toxicity than inorganic nanomaterials like silver nanoparticles. This research is important for the creation of a bioaerosol control system that is effective. Nanoparticles (NPs) are gradually being employed to use bacteria as a nonantibiotic substitute for treating bacterial infections. The present study looks at nanoparticles' antimicrobial properties, their method of action, their impact on drug-opposing bacteria, and the hazards connected with their operation as antimicrobial agents. The aspects that influence nanoparticle conduct in clinical settings, as well as their distinctive features and mode of action as antibacterial assistants, are thoroughly examined. Nanoparticles' action on bacterial cells is presently accepted by way of the introduction of oxidative stress induction, metal-ion release, and nonoxidative methods. Because many concurrent mechanisms of action against germs would necessitate multiple simultaneous gene modifications in the same bacterial cell for antibacterial protection to evolve, bacterial cells developing resistance to NPs is difficult. This review discusses the antimicrobial function of NPs against microbes and presents a comprehensive discussion of the bioaerosols: their origin, hazards, and their prevention. This state of the art method is dependent upon the use of personal protective gear against these bioaerosols. The benefit of the utmost significant categories of metal nanoparticles as antibacterial agents is given important consideration. The novelty of this review depends upon the antimicrobial properties of (a) silver (Ag), (b) zinc oxide (ZnO), and (c) copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles. The value-added features of these nanoparticles are discussed, as well as their physicochemical characterization and pharmacokinetics, including the toxicological danger they pose to people. Lastly, the effective role of nanomaterials and their future in human wellness is discussed.

Effect of coating direction of conductive silicone polymer on the electrical and mechanical properties of silicone-embedded conductive textiles

We propose an elegant method for fabricating mechanically robust and electrically conductive composite textiles for next-generation smart clothing by controlling coating direction of the silicone polymer. A typical additive-type silicon polymer containing conductive fillers was coated on the pristine fabric in the wale and course direction. The conductive textile coated in the wale direction showed better elastic recovery than that coated in the course direction. Moreover, the conductive fabrics coated in the wale direction exhibited small cracks and low electrical resistance due to the deep penetration of conductive silicone polymer, leading to the construction of stable conductive network.

Investigating the effect of workwear textile modification with nanometal-embedded PMMA polymer by a spray method on textile air permeability, bending stiffness and surface temperature induced by near-infrared

Objectives. This study aimed to optimize modification of cotton–polyester textiles of workwear in terms of air permeability (AP), bending stiffness (BS) and near-infrared (NIR) reflectance using nanometal-embedded polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) polymer by a spray method. Methods. This experimental study was carried out to modify cotton–polyester textiles using nanoparticles of aluminum oxide (Al2O3), tin oxide (SnO) and zinc oxide (ZnO) embedded in PMMA polymer with different weight percentages by a spray method under 215-psi pressure. The surface temperature of the textiles induced by the NIR spectrum and their comfort in terms of AP and BS were measured according to Standard No. ASTM D737 and BS 3356, respectively. Results. Cotton (65%)–polyester (35%) textiles can be modified with a PMMA-based aluminum and zinc nanoparticle composite with equal weight percentage using a pressurized spray method with good durability. Also, most NIR reflection is in the textile coated with aluminum and ZnO nanoparticle composite in the PMMA base. Conclusions. It is recommended that this composite be used in future studies to impregnate the clothing textile of outdoor workers in hot and arid regions by a spray method under pressure and its effects be investigated on reducing heat stress in these workers.

Under or Over (or Both)? Textile Armour and the Warrior in the High Middle Ages

To compliment significant research into knightly arms and armour, such as the mail hauberk and iron helmet, to shield design and types of swords, this article considers textile clothing worn in conjunction with metal armour in the High Middle Ages (1050–1250). It analyses potential nuances in the use of terminology to improve our understanding of the degrees of protection available to elite warriors, as well as their approach to balancing agility with protection, i.e. the management of the risks of injury in close combat. It demonstrates that various terms to describe textile armour – aketon, pourpoint, gambeson, and jupon – are not all names for a single, broad category of textile armour. This article also investigates the use of fabric armour when the threat of combat was reduced or to gain a tactical advantage, such as mentioned as being worn by John Marshal in the opening sequences of L’Histoire de Guillaume le Maréchal or that required of burghers and freemen in Henry II’s Assize of Arms of 1181.

State of the Art of Presentation of Clothing Textiles in E-Commerce with Size Matching Issues

Abstract “According to Lingaro’s analysis, the return of a product generates 5 times more CO2 than the purchase itself. Thus, the optimization of online e-commerce purchasing processes is a serious challenge not only for business, but mainly for the protection of the environment and our global health.” Presentation of textiles and clothing in e-commerce in Poland has remained unchanged since the beginning of e-commerce (the setup of Allegro auction site in the early 2000s) until now with little exceptions of new technology trends powered by EU funds. In Poland, WearFits introduces an R&amp;D solution in the form of a virtual fitting room presented in augmented reality (AR) view to decrease returns of textile clothing bought online. It uses an avatar of human size and shape of the customer’s body for fitting the three-dimensional models in AR view. The purpose of the article is to review the state of the art of presentation of clothing textiles in e-commerce in the world and in Poland for selling textiles online and to emphasize the problem of size matching in the context of returns.