Closed Water Supply Systems Research Articles

Features of the reproductive system development in the installations of closed water supply system

The paper considers the functional changes in the reproductive function of sturgeon species of different ages and their hybrids. The dynamics of the development of gonads of females and males during the reproductive cycle is studied. According to the results of studies, it is shown that when the hydrological and hydrochemical regimes of cultivation are stabilized, spawning intervals are reduced, as well as the time of maturity. In this case, the physiological and biochemical status of females at the final stages of maturity is normal, which is confirmed by research results. The development of oocytes in females raised under regulated conditions takes place without any deviations.

Water Purification in Closed Water Supply Systems at Agro-Industrial Complex Enterprises

The results of laboratory research of processes of add-on purification of domestic and household wastewaters on units with fiber-expanded polystyrene medium of their repeated use in closed water supply system at enterprises of agroindustrial complex are given. The technological schemes of closed water-use systems of such enterprises are offered with the use of surface and ground water, whose use will enable to save material, water and energy resources while minimizing the collection of fresh water from natural water sources and protecting the environment from pollution with sewage.

A Modern Integrated Approach in the Technology of Wastewater Treatment of Dye-Printed Manufactures of a Textile Enterprise

Based on a modern integrated approach with an economical process for the processing of chemically contaminated industrial wastes and the organization of a closed water supply system, it is proposed to use one of the most promising methods of wastewater treatment - evaporation. In the process of evaporation, a high-quality distillate is obtained, which is returned to the dye-printing industry, and highly concentrated solutions or slurries, which are sent for further processing, disposal or storage. In this article we have studying wastewater containing vat dyes. It was found that the dyes in the water go into undissolved form in acidic medium and the minimum content of such salts as sodium chloride and Glauber’s salt. From the various methods of wastewater treatment from vat dyes, a method of electrochemical oxidation has been chosen. It is known that the electrochemical reaction proceeds more intensively in a concentrated solution, which explains the need to introduce the technological process, evaporator and electrolyzer into the main structures. The evaporated distillate is sent to the production, and the resulting concentrate containing the dye is fed into the electrolytic cell for electrochemical processing.

Reducing the risks of water and territory pollution by toxic metal-containing effluents of machine-building industry

The article is devoted to the baromembrane method for cleaning washing waters of degreasing sites and for the bright nickel plating of galvanic productions. The authors analyzed specific features of technologies for part metallization in terms of the formation and separation of washing wastewater flows for their separate cleaning. Studies were carried out on the membrane extraction of nickel sulfate and sodium phosphate compounds on two types of membranes: nanofiltration OPMN-P and reverse osmosis Hydranautics ESPA-1. High selectivity (98-99,9%) and specific productivity of OPMN-P membranes (25 l/m2 per hour) were proved during the extraction of nickel sulfate and sodium phosphate at concentration ranging from 50 to 200 mg/l specific to washing water of the processes of degreasing and bright nickel plating. The advantage of using nanofiltration membranes OPMN-P over reverse osmosis Hydranautics ESPA-1 membranes was substantiated. A technological scheme to create a closed water supply system at these sites was developed.

Automated process control system for closed water supply installations for fish cultivation

The paper describes an automated process control unit for closed water supply system for yearround fish farming in closed aquaculture farms. The operation principles and the technological process for maintaining stable fish growth conditions are discussed.

Розробка блок-схем установки замкнутого водопостачання для виробництва продукції аквакультури

The production of aquaculture products in closed water supply plants is becoming more widespread, and the volume of cultivation with such systems of freshwater fish is increasing. The use of closed water supply plants is the most promising global trend. When growing in closed water supply facilities, all parameters of the technological process are supported by automated devices, and the influence of natural factors on the process of the process is minimal. However, such systems require complex technological support, which needs constant improvement. When working in closed water supply plants, a precipitate is formed that needs to be recycled. It is expedient to utilize these sediments using methods that allow to receive additional heat and electricity for the needs of closed water supply plants in the production of aquaculture. On the basis of generalization and analysis of literary sources, it was found that the average value of the coefficient of conversion of mixed fodder during fattening of pigs is from 2.8 to 3.2 kg of feed per kg of weight gain. The average value of the coefficient of conversion of mixed fodder during fattening cattle is from 6.3 to 7.2 kg of feed per kg of weight gain. When growing broilers, the feed conversion rate is from 1.6 to 2 kg per kg of weight gain. The average value of the coefficient of conversion of mixed fodder during the cultivation of trout was 1.6 kg of feed per kg of weight gain, and at feeding sows – 1.2 kg of feed per kg of weight gain. The results of the development of block diagrams for the installation of closed water supply for the production of aquaculture with the provision of partial energy autonomy due to heat and electricity generated during the cogeneration of biogas generated during methane digestion of organic constituents of the sediment formed during the operation of the closed water supply system are presented

Economic efficiency of using the immunomodulating preparation in storming fish fishing in growing in the installation of closed water supply

The article contains materials on the study of the influence of the immunostimulating preparation Viusid-Vet, used in feeding the Lena sturgeon when growing in a closed water supply system. As a result of the experiment, a direct relationship was established between the use of the immunostimulating drug Viusid-Vet coming from food and the increase in body weight of fish. Thus, the greatest increase in body weight of fish was noted when using an additive in the amount of 4,0 ml per 1,0 kg of mixed fodder.

EFFECT OF IONS OF TRANSITIONAL d-METALS ON THE DYNAMICS OF MICROORGANISM SURVIVAL IN THE PRESENCE OF PHOSPHONIC ACIDS

Metal corrosion is a complex process that can be substantially modified by the influence of various factors, including the presence of microorganisms in water-circulation systems. Proceeding from the above, in this work the effect of ions of transitional d-metals on the dynamics of microorganism survival was studied in the presence of well-known antisludge agents - oxyethylenediophosphonic acid (OEDFA) and nitrilotrimethylphosphonic acid (NTMFA). Microorganisms of the various systematic groups belonging also to the different physiological groups and having opposite types of life strategies have been selected for our researching: Bacillius sp. and Pseudomonas sp. They differ significantly in terms of survival opportunities under the influence of factors that can exist in closed water consumption systems (sudden temperature changes, oxygen starvation, the presence of toxic substances added to water for its conditioning). The influence of microorganisms on corrosion processes was studied in the stationary bioreactors in a volume of 125 ml. A solution of 0.1% NaCl was used as a model environment, to which corrosion inhibitors - d-metals (Zn2+ and Cr3+) and phosphonic acids (OEDFA and NTMFA) in concentration of 5 mg/dm3 had been adding.The results of our research have shown the possibility of transition metal ions act as regulators and modifiers of growth processes of microorganisms that are under conditions of osmotic stress and fasting. Representatives of the studied groups of the microorganisms demonstrated a different level of resistance to the presence of phosphonic acids and Zn2+ and Cr3+ ions at a concentration of 5 mg/dm3 in the model solution.So, in case of cultivating microbial cells in an osmotically unfavorable environment for them (0.1% NaCl solution without the addition of organic substances), almost linear dynamics of the dying out of bacterial cells of both species was observed without manifestations of significant difference. A similar effect may be due to the absence of nutrient elements in the model solution or the lack of osmotic-active components. Adding to the cultivation medium of phosphonic acids at a concentration of 5 mg/dm3 did not lead to statistically significant changes in the obtained dependencies. The greatest changes in the dynamics of microbial cell survival were observed when chromium ions were added to the cultivation medium, which was expressed as a decrease in the percentage of viable cells of Bacillus sp. (up to 24%) and a significant increase in survival among Pseudomonas sp. (up to 78%) compared to the survival without the addition of metal ions. The obtained results indicate the expediency of taking into account the possibility of the existence of microbiological contamination in reversible water supply systems in view of the influence of microbial cells on the processes of corrosion that occur there.Key words: ions of transient d-metals, phosphonic acids, microorganisms, survival dynamics, closed water supply systems

ЭКОЛОГО-ФИЗИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ КУЛЬТИВИРОВАНИЯ ОСЕТРОВЫХ РЫБ В ИНДУСТРИАЛЬНЫХ УСЛОВИЯХ

Physiological state of the stellate sturgeon female species ( Acipenser stellatus ) caught in spring in the fishing area in the Lower Volga delta and the female species farmed at the Bertyulckiy and Lebyahzje sturgeon fish-factories in the Astrakhan region were evaluated by biochemical parameters of blood taken in fish after hypophysial injection. At each sturgeon fish-factories there were revealed 2 groups of fish with different biochemical status. At the Bertyulskiy sturgeon fish-factory in the first group blood values were normal, in the second group the level of serum protein, β-lipoproteids, cholesterol and hemoglobin in blood was lower by 1.5, 4.3, 1.7 and by 1.2 times, correspondingly. At the Lebyahzje sturgeon fish-factory in female species of one group the level of serum protein, β-lipoproteids and cholesterol was even lower: in 1.8, 2.5 and 2.3 times. In the group of stellate sturgeon females with a lower concentration of biochemical components in blood there was revealed excessive total bacterial contamination: at the Bertyulskiy fish-factory - in 3 times, at the Lebyahzje - in 8 times. The results obtained allow to suggest the dependency of the bacterial contamination level on physiological status of fish. Study of stellate sturgeon females caught in spring in the lower reaches of the Volga and females used for fish breeding at the sturgeon fish-factory showed that under equal physiological status the level of total contamination of fish was much higher at the fish-factory, i.e. fish in natural habitats were more resistant to infection. The comparative analysis of physiological status of stellate sturgeon males and females caught in spring in the lower Volga and having similar physiological status revealed, that females during spawning run had higher level of total contamination. The study results can be used for the diagnosis and correction of the physiological state of sturgeons cultivated in ponds with closed water supply systems with the application of artificial feed.

Choice of a Mineral Sediments’ Inhibitor in Industrial Closed Water Supply Systems

Criteria for choosing agents based on organophosphonats for water treatment in the closed industrial water supply systems have been proposed. A method for determination of the agents optimal doze for decreasing of the mineral sediments quantity in different composition water has been developed. Economic and ecological expedience of the above said agents’ application in industrial water supply has been shown.

Deformational characteristics of subgrade soils and subbase materials with freeze-thaw

An Anti-freezing layer is not present when there is no frost heaving in subgrade soils with a low water table. In this case, such subgrade soils and subbase materials were shown to have experience in freeze-thaw cycles when an external water supply was not present. Deformational characteristics of subgrade soils and subbase materials in Korea were determined by IR tests under a closed freeze-thaw cycle system, where no external water supply was introduced during testing. There was a very small difference in the modulus between before and after freeze-thaw cycles for all tested subgrade soils and subbase materials. This means that the thawweakening of subgrade soils and subbase materials did not occur under a closed water supply system. This indicates that it is not necessary to consider the thaw-weakening of subgrade soils when subgrade soils are freezing without frost heaving. Furthermore, the damping ratio was slightly increased at the start of freezing and then rapidly decreased during freezing process. This same pattern was established for all samples and trials that were conducted. Additionally, the damping ratio at thawing stage increased slightly more than the before freezing stage, while the damping ratio decreased and established almost the same value before freezing.

Methods for prevention of mass development of the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa Kutz emend. Elenk. in aquatic systems

Methods for prevention of mass development of the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa Kutz emend. Elenk. in continental water bodies and industrial water supply systems are reviewed. The physicochemical, chemical, and biological methods for prevention of M. aeruginosa development in water bodies and water supply systems are considered; examples of successful inhibition of M. aeruginosa growth in laboratory experiments are demonstrated. The scientific problems are outlined that are to be solved for perfecting techniques for prevention of M. aeruginosa mass development in open water bodies and in closed water supply systems.

Inhibiting Salt Formation in the Closed Water-Supply System of a Metallurgical Plant

Inhibiting Salt Formation in the Closed Water-Supply System of a Metallurgical Plant

Identification and simulated control of greenhouse closed water supply systems

Direct feedback of drain flow is presented as a basic principle to control the supply of nutrient solutions to plants in a greenhouse. In contrast to open loop control based on the prediction of water uptake, control by means of sensor feedback of the measured drain water flow automatically compensates for fluctuations in evapo-transpiration. A pulse modulated pump keeps the drain flow at a constant set value by a feedback control action on the repetition rate and a feed forward control action on the pulse width. The water uptake by the plant is treated as a disturbance. The simulation is performed on dynamic models for three different growing systems, that are identified on the basis of noise response tests on the real supply system. Experimental results are presented, which show how the controller compensates changes in water uptake by the plant due to variations in global radiation.

Increasing the efficiency of water-recirculation systems operation

To raise the operational efficiency of water recirculation systems, it is necessary to develop a closed water supply system and to carry out treatment with reagents.

Closed water supply systems in refractory plants

Closed water supply systems in refractory plants