Clerodendrum Paniculatum Research Articles

Biochemical Composition, Polyphenol and Flavonoid Content, Antibacterial Activity of Leaf and Flower Extracts of Clerodendrum paniculatum Distributed In Thua Thien Hue Province, Viet Nam

Biochemical Composition, Polyphenol and Flavonoid Content, Antibacterial Activity of Leaf and Flower Extracts of Clerodendrum paniculatum Distributed In Thua Thien Hue Province, Viet Nam

GREEN SYNTHESIS OF MAGNETIC REDUCED GRAPHENE OXIDE HYBRID NANOCOMPOSITE USING NOVEL CLERODENDRUM PANICULATUM FOR THE REMOVAL OF MB DYE AND Cd (II) FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTION VIA MAGNETIC SEPARATION

The utmost dangerous and significant source of environmental contamination is constituted by ionic dyes and heavy metals. Graphene oxide (GO) can eradicate heavy metal ions and dyes from effluent, but the major difficulty associated with GO is the inconvenience during separation. In this study, magnetic reduced GO (rGO-Fe3O[Formula: see text] hybrid nanocomposite is synthesized by using the novel green reducing agent and is used as an adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue (MB) dye and Cd (II) ions. The prepared samples are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and FTIR spectroscopy. adsorption study of rGO-Fe3O4 is carried out using UV visible spectrophotometry and it is obtained that the maximum adsorption capacity in the mono component system using double distilled water for MB dye and Cd (II) ions is 64.52 and 93.49[Formula: see text]mg/g, respectively. Moreover, the effect of different parameters such as temperature, adsorbent dosage, contact time, pH and initial adsorbate concentration on the adsorption of heavy metal and dye is investigated.

Photosynthetic gas exchange, plant water relations and osmotic adjustment of three tropical perennials during drought stress and re-watering.

Planting vegetation on slopes is an effective way of improving slope stability while enhancing the aesthetic appearance of the landscape. However, plants growing on slopes are susceptible to natural drought stress (DS) conditions which commonly lead to water deficit in plant tissues that affect plant health and growth. This study investigated the photosynthetic gas exchange, plant water status and proline accumulation of three tropical perennials namely Clerodendrum paniculatum, Ipomoea pes-caprae and Melastoma malabathricum after being subjected to DS and re-watering (RW). During DS, there was a significant decrease in light-saturated photosynthetic CO2 assimilation rate (Asat), stomatal conductance (gs sat), and transpiration rate (Tr) for all three plant species. Leaf relative water content, shoot water potential, and leaf, stem and root water content also declined during DS. Proline concentration increased for all three species during DS, reaching especially high levels for C. paniculatum, suggesting that it heavily relies on the accumulation of proline to cope with DS. Most of the parameters recovered almost completely to levels similar to well-watered plants after RW, apart from M. malabathricum. Strong linear correlations were found between Asat and gs sat and between gs sat and Tr. Ultimately, C. paniculatum and I. pes-caprae had better drought tolerance than M. malabathricum.

The Potential of <i>Clerodendrum paniculatum</i> Leaves Fraction as a 3-Chymotrypsin-Like (3CL) Protease Inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2

We described the biological activity of the Clerodendrum paniculatum leaf fraction against the SARS-CoV-2 3-Chymotrypsin-like 3CL protease at the molecular level. This study applied LC-MS/MS to identify bioactive compounds from fractions, computational studies, and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) assays to ascertain their inhibitory activity. LC-MS/MS analysis of the three samples revealed that sample 1 contained 18 compound peaks. In samples 2 and 3, there were 23 and 25 compounds with different molecular weights, respectively. Docking's study identified that the alkaloids (komarovicine and roemerine) have lower binding energies than other metabolites and standard compounds, with values of -33.47 and -32.63 kJ/mol, respectively. Roemerine demonstrated excellent stability based on dynamic simulation results and confirmed its affinity for 3CL protease predicted by the MM-PBSA approach of -89.44 kJ/mol. The FRET method for testing 3CL protease activity revealed that sample 2 had an enzyme inhibitory activity of 94.3%, which was close to that of GC376 (98.19%). Meanwhile, samples 1 and 3 yielded satisfactory inhibition activity by 89.64% and 85.24%, respectively. The antiviral activity of C. paniculatum leaves was discovered for the first time by inhibiting the 3CL protease SARS-CoV-2, providing an excellent opportunity for its development as an anti-SARS-CoV-2.

Investigation on Phyto‐active Constituent ofClerodendrum paniculatumas Therapeutic Agent against Viral Diseases

AbstractThe ability of alcohol extracted constituents from the leaves ofClerodendrum paniculatumto inhibit SARS‐CoV‐2 was investigated through various computational methods like docking, molecular dynamic simulations and pharmacokinetic predictions. Of the various active constituents, quercetin was identified as a potent inhibitor that can bind strongly to the active site of main protease (Mpro) and spike protein of the virus with respective binding free energy of −41.07 and −40.76 kcal mol−1. Molecular dynamic simulations also supported the binding interactions by the presence of strong hydrogen bonding interactions with the key residues in the binding pocket of the target protein. The results were ascertained experimentally by evaluating the inhibition potential of the extract against spike and Mproproteins of SARS‐CoV‐2.

Analysis of Component and Antibacterial Activity of Ethanol Extract and Etyl Acetate Fraction of Pagoda (Clerodendrum paniculatum L.) Leaves against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and MRSA

The current study aimed to determine chemical constituent and antibacterial activity of ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction of Clerodendrum paniculatum. Component of ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction analyzed by LC-MS and antibacterial activity to inhibit Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Meticilin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) use disk diffusion method. Dried powder and ethanol extract of C. paniculatum contains of flavonoid, glycoside, tannin and steroid/triterpenoid in phytochemical screening. Analysis of component by LC-MS show that ethanol extract of C. paniculatum contains of Erucamid, Cafeic acid, 7-Hidroxycoumarin dan linamarin. Ethyl acetate fraction of C. paniculatum contains of Erucamid, Apigenin, Cafeic acid, Kynurenic acid, Apigenin 7-O-glucuronide, 6-O-Methylscutellarin, Apigetrin, 4-Methoxycinnamic acid, 4-Coumaric acid, Scutellarin dan 7-Hidroxycoumarin. Inhibition value of ethanol extract of C. paniculatum against P. aeruginosa is 12.13±0.057; 10.83±0.058; 9.63±0.057; 8.3±0.058 in concentration of 300, 200, 100 and 50ppm. Inhibition value of ethyl acetate fraction of C. paniculatum against P. aeruginosa is 14.50±0.100; 13.73±0.058; 12.87± 0.057; 11.83±0.058 in concentration of 300, 200, 100 and 50 ppm. Inhibition value of ethanol extract of C. paniculatum against MRSA is 8.67±0.057; 7.80±0.100; 7.06±0.057; 6.43±0.057 in concentration of 300, 200, 100 and 50 ppm. Inhibition value of ethyl acetate fraction of C. paniculatum against MRSA is 9.77±0.057; 8.03 ±0.057; 7.33±0.057; 6.70±0.100 in concentration of 300, 200, 100 and 50ppm.

Antibacterial Activity of Water, Ethyl Acetate and n-Hexane Fractions of Pagoda leaves (Clerodendrum paniculatum L.) against Propionibacterium acnes

Pagoda plant (Clerodendrum paniculatum L.) is a medicinal plant that is widely distributed in ASEAN countries, including Indonesia. Pagoda plants are believed to have good pharmacological activity. In this study, the antibacterial activity of pagoda leaves was tested against Propionibacterium acnes. The method used in this research is the antibacterial activity test utilizing agar diffusion using paper discs to assess the inhibitory power of the test substance. The test groups used were water, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane fractions, with each divided into concentrations of 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, and 20%. The positive control used was Clindamycin, and the negative control used was dimethyl sulfoxide solution (DMSO). The results obtained with the highest inhibition value were clindamycin with an inhibition diameter of 28.70+0.15mm, then by a water fraction of 20% with an inhibitory diameter of 14.20+0.20mm. The study results concluded that the antibacterial activity of each fraction of the pagoda leaves was not vigorous in inhibiting the growth of Propionibacterium acnes bacteria.

High impact of Clerodendrum paniculatum leaf extract to suppress zucchini yellow mosaic virus infection in zucchini plants

Abstract. Pandawani NP, Listihani L, Widnyana IK, Ariati PEP, Selangga DGW. 2022. High impact of Clerodendrum paniculatum leaf extract to suppress zucchini yellow mosaic virus infection in zucchini plants. Biodiversitas 23: 2914-2919. Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) is an important virus in zucchini plants (Cucurbita pepo L.). ZYMV infection is prevalent in C. pepo in Bali and is extremely difficult to eradicate. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of pagoda leaf extract (Clerodendrum paniculatum L.) in reducing yield loss in C. pepo. A factorial randomized block design with two variables was employed in this study. The application time of the C. paniculatum extract was the first variable, and concentration was the second. Plant extract was applied during seed immersion, one day before and after inoculation, and on the same day of virus inoculation. The concentrations of C. paniculatum extract employed were 10%, 30%, and 50%. The crude extract was sprayed onto the C. pepo leaves. Plants treated with extract one day after virus inoculation at 10%, 30%, and 50% concentrations exhibited yellowing, yellowing with cupping, mosaic, mosaic with cupping, and stunting. While application of extract one day before virus inoculation at 30% and 50% concentrations resulted in yellowing and yellowing with cupping signs. Plants infected with ZYMV first showed flowering at 37 DAP, whereas plants treated with C. paniculatum leaf extract one day before virus inoculation started flowering at 32 DAP. Application of C. paniculatum leaf extract one day before ZYMV inoculation on C. pepo effectively suppressed 40% yield loss. The findings of present investigation revealed information about the potential of C. paniculatum leaf extract as a plant virus control agent through the mechanism of induction in C. pepo.

Antimicrobial Activity of Clerodendrum paniculatum L. n-Hexane and Water Fraction Against Pseudomonas aerugonisa and MRSA

There are many medicinal plants that have been recognized as sources of natural antimicrobial compounds that are used as potentially effective alternatives in the treatment of bacteria. Clerodendrum has been investigated for its antimicrobial activity in some bacteria. The aim of this study is to determine antimicrobial activity of n-hexane and water fraction of pagoda (Clerodendrum paniculatum) leaves against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Metichilin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA). The antimicrobial activity of the isolated compound was performed by disc diffusion method. N-hexane fraction of Clerodendrum paniculatum have antimicrobial activity to Pseudomonas aeruginosa with inhibition 9.43±0.057; 8.76±0.057; 8.17±0.115; 7.03±0.057 and to MRSA 6.07±0.057; 6.03±0.057; 6.03±0.115; 6.03±0.057 in concentration 300 ppm, 200 ppm, 100 ppm and 50 ppm. Water fraction of Clerodendrum paniculatum have antimicrobial activity to Pseudomonas aeruginosa with inhibition 9.13±0.057; 8.30±0.100; 7.86±0.057; 6.53±0.057 and to MRSA 8.50±0.100; 7.73±0.057; 6.87±0.057; 6.4 ±0.057 in concentration 300 ppm, 200 ppm, 100 ppm and 50 ppm. Based on these results, it was concluded that the n-hexane and water fraction of pagoda (Clerodendrum paniculatum) is potent as an antimicrobial of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Keywords: Antimicrobial, Clerodendrum paniculatum, fraction, n-hexane, water

Taxonomic changes and review of the genera Tipulamima Holland, 1893 and Macrotarsipodes Le Cerf, 1916 stat. rev. (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae: Sesiinae).

In this study, two genera of Afrotropical Sesiidae, Tipulamima Holland, 1893 and Macrotarsipodes Le Cerf, 1916 stat. rev., are redefined and redescribed, the latter being resurrected from synonymy with the former as a valid genus. Both genera are confirmed to belong to the tribe Synanthedonini. The genera closest to Tipulamima are unknown. Macrotarsipodes is related to Macrotarsipus Hampson, [1893] from Southeast Asia and Lepidopoda Hampson, 1900 from Africa and Southeast Asia. The latter genus as well as Pedalonina are transferred to Synanthedonini. Uranothyris Meyrick, 1933 syn. nov. is regarded as a subjective junior synonym of Tipulamima. Checklists of the species assigned to Tipulamima and Macrotarsipodes are provided. One new species, Tipulamima hesperia sp. nov., from Guinea and Ghana and the previously unknown male of T. pterotarsa (Meyrick, 1933) comb. nov. (Uranothyris) are described and depicted. The following new combinations are introduced: Macrotarsipodes leptosceles (Bradley, 1968) comb. nov. (Synanthedon), M. pedunculata (Hampson, 1910) comb. nov. (Ichneumenoptera), M. sexualis (Hampson, 1910) comb. nov. (Macrotarsipus), M. tricinctus Le Cerf, 1916 comb. rev., Synanthedon malimba (Beutenmller, 1899) comb. nov. (Sesia), Malgassesia ivondro (Viette, 1955) comb. nov. (Tipulamima), M. opalimargo (Le Cerf, 1913) comb. nov. (Sesia), Lepidopoda aericincta (Meyrick, 1928) comb. nov. (Aegeria), L. cyanospira (Meyrick, 1928) comb. nov. (Aegeria), L. dasysceles (Bradley, 1968) comb. nov. (Synanthedon), L. erythromma (Hampson, 1919) comb. nov. (Synanthedon), L. festiva (Beutenmller, 1899) comb. nov. (Sesia), L. flavipalpis Hampson, 1910 comb. rev., L. nuba (Beutenmller, 1899) comb. nov. (Sesia), L. rubripicta (Hampson, 1919) comb. nov. (Synanthedon), L. waterloti (Le Cerf, 1913) comb. nov. stat. nov. (Macrotarsipodes), Episannina sylphina (Hampson, 1919) comb. nov. (Lepidopoda) (Synanthedonini), Chamanthedon auronitens (Le Cerf, 1913) comb. nov. (Sesia), Pyranthrene hypocalla (Le Cerf, 1937) comb. nov. (Tipulamima), P. nigriceps (Hampson, 1919) comb. nov. (Tipulamima) (Osminiini). Junior subjective synonyms are: Aegeria rubripalpis Meyrick, 1932 syn. nov. of L. rubripicta, Aegeria mercatrix Meyrick, 1931 syn. nov. of L. aericincta and Aegeria pyrostoma Meyrick, 1927 syn. rev. of L. erythromma. Lectotypes of Tipulamima haugi (Le Cerf, 1917), T. flammipes (Hampson, 1910) and Macrotarsipodes sexualis comb. nov. are designated. Clerodendrum paniculatum L. (Lamiaceae) is reported as a host plant of Tipulamima for the first time. The larvae of three species of Macrotarsipodes and several species of Lepidopoda are known to be pests of Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam. (Convolvulaceae).

PHYTOCHEMICALS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF CLERODENDRUM PANICULATUM (L.) LEAF AND FLOWER EXTRACTS

Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the phytochemicals present in the flower and leaf extracts of Clerodendrum paniculatum L., collected from Nelji village of Kodagu district .
 Methods: The healthy leaves and flowers of C. paniculatum were collected and the plant extracts were prepared using ethanol, hexane and distilled water separately. Phytochemical analysis was conducted using standard procedurs for the flower and leaf extracts of C. paniculatum. The antioxidant activity in leaf and flower extracts was determined by three assays, estimation of total phenolic content, reducing power assay and radical scavenging activity (DPPH) using standard procedures.
 Results: Phytochemical screening conducted for the flower and leaf extracts of C. paniculatum showed the presence of three phytochemicals, namely saponins, alkaloids and terpenoids. Terpenoids were commonly present in all the extracts of flower and leaf that is in both polar (aqueous and ethanol) solvent and in non-polar (hexane) solvents. The extracts tested for the antioxidant activity showed the presence of total phenolics in ethanol, aqueous and hexane extracts. The aqueous extract showed high redox potential followed by ethanol and hexane extracts. The aqueous leaf extract showed high radical scavenging activity when compared to the flower extracts of C. paniculatum.
 Conclusion: The present study showes C. paniculatum to be an important medicinal plant, since the flower and leaves showed good antioxidant activity. Thus it may used in the treatment of diseases and may also used in the preparation of natural or herbal drugs due to the presence of antioxidants.

Ecological studies on introduction of alien species (Clerodendrum paniculatum Linn) in Forest Plantation and Nature Reserve Forest of Tropical Africa, Nigeria

Ecological studies on introduction of alien species (Clerodendrum paniculatum Linn) in Forest Plantation and Nature Reserve Forest of Tropical Africa, Nigeria

Hepatoprotective and Antioxidant Capacity of Clerodendrum paniculatum Flower Extracts against Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats.

The aim of the presented work involves the isolation, characterization, and evaluation of hepatoprotective potential of Clerodendrum paniculatum flower extracts. For this purpose, petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, alcohol, and water extracts of C. paniculatum flower were screened for the flavonoid and phenolic content and quantified. Various antioxidant activity assays including 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging, 2,2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and reducing ability were carried out. Of the above methods, the alcoholic extract exhibited high antioxidant potential and was selected further for the hepatoprotective evaluations. Hepatoprotective evaluation of the alcoholic extract was carried out for carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-intoxicated model systems. Enzymes associated with liver functions were estimated, and histopathological evaluations were carried out to monitor the liver architecture. Prominently, reduced levels of various associated enzymes along with increased protein content were observed when the liver specimen was pretreated with the extract. Moreover, the liver architecture was almost comparable to that of the normal control group. The column chromatographic analysis of the extract revealed 13 fractions to possess high phenolics and flavonoid contents. The best two fractions were identified for in vitro hepatoprotective evaluation in the goat liver model. Furthermore, the GC–MS analyses of the fractions were carried out followed by a library search, to identify the constituents responsible for the hepatoprotective activity which revealed the presence of four major constituents—pilocarpine, glyceric acid, pangamic acid, and gallic acid. An in vitro hepatoprotective study of the isolated fractions showed better activity compared to the whole alcoholic extract, and the results were comparable to the normal group taken as a control. The investigations with an in vitro model suggest that the isolated fraction with rich flavonoid content showed better hepatoprotective activity. GC–MS analysis of the fractions that displayed good hepatoprotective activity suggested the presence of pilocarpine, glyceric acid, pangamic acid, and gallic acid, while HPTLC analysis revealed the presence of quercetin.

Antidiabetic and antilipidemic effect of Clerodendrum paniculatum flower ethanolic extract. An in vivo investigation in Albino Wistar rats

The goal was to evaluate the effects of ethanolic extract of Clerodendrum paniculatum flower (CPF) on antidiabetic and antilipidemic tests indices of experimentally-induced hyperglycemic rats. High Fat Diet (HFD) treated Streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats were used for this study. The acute toxicity of ethanolic extract of C. paniculatum flower (2000 mg/kg body weight) and antidiabetic effect of CPF (200 mg/kg body weight)were studied in rats. Glibenclamide (1.25 mg/kg body weight) was used as a reference drug. For antihyperglycemic evaluation, glucose, C-peptide, Insulin, Haemoglobin and glycosylated haemoglobin(HbA1c) levels were analyzed. Low density lipoprotein (LDL), High density lipoprotein(HDL), triglycerides and total cholesterol were analyzed in rats. The enzymic antioxidant activity (super oxide dismutase(SOD), glutathione peroxidase(GPx), glutathione S transferase (GST) and Catalase) and non-enzymic antioxidant activity(vitamin C, vitamin E and reduced glutathione) of C. Paniculatum flower were evaluated. Important carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes like Glucose 6-phosphatase, Fructose 1and 6 diphosphatase and hexokinase were determined in experimental rats. After the oral administration of CPF extract significantly reduced glucose levels and cholesterol values. Extract improved enzymic and non enzymic antioxidant levels. CPF extract is useful in controlling blood glucose level as well as improving lipid metabolism and body weight in rats with induced diabetic rats.

Anti-diabetic activity of Clerodendrum paniculatum leaves by In-vitro, In-vivo and Ex-vivo methods

The present study has been undertaken to evaluate the in-vitro, in-vivo and ex-vivo anti-diabetic activity of leaves of chloroform extract Clerodendrum paniculatum (CECP). The extract was prepared by soxhlet extraction. Phytochemical screening indicates the presence of flavonoids, phenols, carbohydrates etc. The anti-diabetic activity of extract was studied by in-vitro (alpha amylase inhibition and alpha glucosidase inhibition assay), in-vivo (streptozotocin induced diabetes) and ex-vivo (glucose uptake by rat hemi - diaphragm method). For in-vitro studies, the inhibitory action of CECP was compared with standard drug Acarbose. The IC50 values of CECP for alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase was found to be 158.396 µg/ml and 113.122 µg/ml respectively and the extract shows significant anti-diabetic activity. For in-vivo and ex-vivo studies Glibenclamide was used as a standard drug to compare the blood glucose level and uptake of glucose was calculated. The results obtained from the study indicate that both 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg of CECP showed significant anti-diabetic activity. The 400 mg/kg of CECP showed better activity when compared to 200 mg/kg of the extract. The glucose uptake study was performed by isolated rat hemidiaphragm method. The hemi diaphragm obtained from the rats treated with both the doses of CECP showed significant glucose uptake.

Anti-diabetic activity of Clerodendrum paniculatum leaves by In-vitro, In-vivo and Ex-vivo methods

Anti-diabetic activity of Clerodendrum paniculatum leaves by In-vitro, In-vivo and Ex-vivo methods

Evaluation of Hepatoprotective Activity of Clerodendrum paniculatum Leaf on Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Toxicity Model in Swiss Albino Rats and Its Characterization by GC-MS.

Clerodendrum paniculatum has ethnomedicinal importance in treatment of disorders like wound, typhoid, jaundice, malaria and anemia. To evaluate the antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of Clerodendrum paniculatum leaves against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced rat model and identification of its bioactive constituents by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy (GC MS). Successive solvent extraction was carried out. Total phenolic, flavonoid content and antioxidant activity by 2,2- diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide and 2-Azino-bis [3-ethyl benzothiazoline- 6-sufonic acid] (ABTS method) were done. Ethyl acetate extract was selected for hepatoprotective study in carbon tetrachloride intoxicated model followed by the measurement of liver function marker enzymes such as SGOT (Serum Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase), SGPT (Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase), and ALP (Alkaline Phosphatase). Biochemical parameters like bilirubin and protein were measured. Histopathologic liver sections were carried out. Bioactive constituents were evaluated by GC MS. By DPPH and ABTS method, ethyl acetate extract showed IC50 as 70.14±0.92 μg/ml,2958.24±2.460 μg/ml, respectively. The alcoholic extract showed maximum IC50 (197.22 ±7.16 μg/ml) by Nitric oxide radical scavenging method. Hepatoprotective study reveals that intoxicated animal groups have elevated levels of enzymes and bilirubin and suppress the production of protein. The extract pre-treatment showed a significant decrease in enzymes and increased production of total protein in a dose-dependent manner. Histopathologic studies also support the hepatoprotective activity. GC MS analysis revealed the presence of seven major bioactive constituents with ethyl palmitate as the major one. The results support the proof for the hepatoprotective potential of the CPLE extract with potent antioxidant activity and enhanced liver enzyme level. The observed activity could be due to the presence of bioactive compounds as identified by GC MS analysis.

“Pharmaco-chemical Characterization and Evaluation of In Vitro Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Activity of Ethanolic Flower Extract of Clerodendrum paniculatum”

Quantitative and qualitative analysis of different components and antioxidant and activities of the extract of flower (CPF) were analyzed in . identification of of flower was also identified by GC-MS analysis. assess the biochemical features of CPF. solvent extraction of CPF was performed using solvents in increasing order of polarity (petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol, and water) and solvent with maximum profile was standardized for further analysis. Quantitative analysis of selected secondary metabolites like tannin, , alkaloids, and of the flower extract was done by UV . In antioxidant assays and in efficacy of the flower extract were analyzed by respective in assays. identification of in CPF was identified by using GC-MS analysis revealed secondary metabolites in the extract, and further analysis of the extract was performed. Quantitative estimation revealed an accountable amount of secondary metabolites like (47.66mg/g acid equivalent), (24mg/g equivalent), (41mg/g equivalent), and alkaloids (1.79mg/g of extracted plant material). analysis (GC-MS) also confirmed convincing compounds in the extract. From in antioxidant and assay, the IC50 value of the extract of CPF was measured and compared with standard, and from the results, it was evident that the extract had significant in antioxidant and activity. the above results, it can be confirmed thatCPF has got significant and therapeutically active ingredients, as evident in analysis. This is further supported by considerable antioxidant and properties observed in respective assays.

Antiviral screening of Clerodol derivatives as COV 2 main protease inhibitor in Novel Corona Virus Disease: In silico approaches

Plant based medicines are gaining much importance nowadays because of some drawbacks that are associated with the use of modern medicines. Discovery of new therapeutics is a very challenging, expensive and time consuming process. With the number of approved drugs declining steadily combined with increasing costs, a rational approach is needed to facilitate, expedite and streamline the drug discovery process. In this regard In silico identification for potential hits has become a popular approach in computer-aided drug discovery. Here we consider molecular docking approach in the development of novel antiviral inhibitors for COVID 19. COV- 2 main protease contain a non-structural protein (PDB ID: 6LU7) which serve as the potential targets for the studies. Terpenoids can inhibit the COVID-19 main protease that present in the Corona virus which is an essential viral enzyme. The COVID-19 main protease of the Corona virus species is one of the attractive targets in corona associated diseases. By considering the above observations, an attempt for molecular docking studies of terpenoids present in Clerodendrum paniculatum with COVID-19 main protease (PDB ID: 6LU7) by using in silico studies by molinspiration online tool and evaluated for their antiviral activity. Clerodol is an important triterpenoid present in Clerodendrum paniculatum leaves act as a potential inhibitor. Clerodol showed binding energy-5.74 kcal/mol. Pyrrole derivative of clerodol have highest binding energy-7.4 Kcal/mol. But all derivatives of Clerodol have binding energies more than the standard. The compounds showed good activity against Corona virus comparable to that of standard drug baricitinib. Thus, Clerodendrum paniculatum leaves appears to be an effective material for development of antiviral drugs against corona. So that it may serve as a reference for further studies

Antiinflammatory Activity of Pagoda Flower (Clerodendrum Paniculatum L.) Ethanol Extract Using Paw Edema Method

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine antiinflammatory activity of pagoda flower (Clerodendrum paniculatum L.) ethanolic extract
 Design: This study uses an experimental laboratory design. This research uses paw edema method by inducing carrageenin in the legs of male white rats as an induction of inflammation.
 Interventions: The sample used was pagoda flower ethanol extract in various dosages of 25, 50 and 100 mg / kg. As a comparison, acetosal dose 33 mg / kg was used. Na CMC suspension was used as a negative control.
 Main outcome measure: The results in this study are the difference in the volume of edema volume from rat feet per unit time. The measurement of the rat's leg volume was measured at 30, 60, 120, 180, 240 and 300 minutes.
 Conclusion: Pagoda flower ethanol extract does not have good anti-inflammatory activity. there were no significant differences between groups except at dose 100 and positive control at minute 300 of negative control.