Cleaner Production Strategies Research Articles

Sustainability implications of service life on residential buildings – An application of life cycle sustainability assessment framework

Abstract Sustainable building design should consider durability, affordability, resource conservation, intra and inter-generational social equity aspects, and stakeholder’s perspective throughout its service life. This research has applied life cycle sustainability assessment (LCSA) framework to estimate the sustainability performance in terms of a single score, and to identify avenues for sustainability improvement strategies of buildings. These case study buildings were modeled by taking into account the variation in building materials while maintaining architectural designs, covered area and location constant. The paper demonstrate the flexibility of this LCSA framework as the all indicators are interlinked and any change or improvement in one or some indicators affects others positively and negatively. The sustainability objectives were assessed on an annual basis to capture the implications of the variation in the service life of buildings. Buildings made of recycled steel-framed roof, brick walls, and green concrete used in slab footing, showed higher sustainability performance among case study buildings. The use stage energy consumption and maintenance activities have been identified as the main hotspot. The cleaner production strategies (CPS) including product modification (double glazed window) and technology modification (rooftop solar photovoltaic panels, solar water heaters) were thus deemed appropriate to further reduce the use stage triple bottom line (TBL) impacts. These CPS have improved the sustainability performance of the case study buildings by 30- 49%. The LCSA analysis confirms that the service life of buildings and their components have a significant bearing on the overall sustainability performance of residential buildings. However, the material selection at design phase is crucial to building sustainability performance due to its durability and thermal properties. The longer service life of the building could result in a more sustainable building only if service life of the non-structural components is aligned with service life of building to mitigate the maintenance activities.

Clean manufacturing of nanocellulose-reinforced hydrophobic flexible substrates

In this study, for the first time, a flexible substrate made from nanofibrillated cellulose in slurry form was fabricated using a hydrophobic polymer base. Previous studies practiced energy-intensive dry cellulose nanofiber dispersion to produce olefin-based composites: ecological and economic viability and industrial practicability are often neglected due to lack of innovation in cleaner production processes. In this context, a low-energy process, which is economically attractive and free of harmful organic solvents, was developed to achieve homogeneous distribution of nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) in high-density polyethylene (HDPE). The dual interfacial role of the ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVAL – 48 mol% ethylene content) enhanced interfacial adhesion through the formation of nanobridges between HDPE and NFC. This method led to well-dispersed NFC in the HDPE, at 5 wt% NFC concentration, without the need of any chemical modification, solvent exchange or freeze-drying of NFC. The low interfacial tension between HDPE and EVAL and the presence of NFC in the ternary system led to enhanced dispersion during melt-mixing. Improvement in mechanical properties was achieved, with a 22% and 98% increase in the tensile strength and Young’s modulus, respectively, without significantly compromising thermal stability and barrier properties. The results shown in this study indicate a significant potential to replace synthetic and costly reinforcement additives while making nanofiber-reinforced flexible composites more sustainable and mechanically robust. In this context, a paradigm shift from fossil-based production technology to a cleaner production strategy such as those exemplified in this study will help achieve a circular production economy concept without hindering functionalities.

ENVIRONMENTAL INNOVATIONS AS A FACTOR OF ACHIEVING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIETY

Environmental innovation is a must in the face of a potential global environmental disaster. The development of the technogenic economy, including in Ukraine, has led to the destruction of natural balances and deterioration of relations between man and his environment. To prevent global and local environmental crises, it is necessary to change the technogenic type of economic development to a sustainable one. Such an approach is inconceivable without the use of science-intensive innovative technologies of an ecological nature. This article is devoted to the study of environmental innovations as a prerequisite for the transition to a new model of sustainable development. For this purpose, the analysis of the essence of the concept of "environmental innovation" is carried out; it is determined that eco-innovation is innovation that leads to environmentally efficient technologies that directly or indirectly improve the state of the environment. The necessity of introducing environmental innovations to solve environmental and economic problems of enterprises has been substantiated. Sectors of the world economy that actively use eco-innovation are indicated. The situation in the development and use of environmental innovations in our country is characterized. In Ukraine, the issues of environmental reorientation in economic development are especially relevant due to the obvious inefficiency in the use of natural resources and a low degree of energy conservation. In this regard, the first priority is the application of objects that have a negative impact on the environment, a regulation system using the best available technologies. For Ukraine’s transition to an innovative path of development, the stages of implementing a cleaner production strategy are proposed. Based on the above, it was concluded that environmentally oriented innovation activities of industrial enterprises and businesses in Ukraine will ensure the formation of a balanced development of both individual enterprises and society as a whole.

Environmental impact of mining-associated carbon emissions and analysis of cleaner production strategies in China.

In recent years, concern has been increasing regarding the carbon emissions generated by mining activities. China is an extremely large coal producer (3695 Mt/2015) and consumer (3698 Mt/2015), and Shanxi Province (i.e., a major coal-producing province in China) is a crucial element in China's energy conservation and emission reduction goals. In this study, the Pingshuo mining area (PMA) in Shanxi Province was chosen as a case to analyze the dynamic changes in carbon emissions based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) method, and the factors influencing carbon emissions were analyzed via the IPAT equation. Carbon emission sources in opencast mines mainly included fuel and explosive use, coal mine methane escape, coal and gangue spontaneous combustion, and electricity consumption. The carbon emission of the PMA increased from 4 × 104Mg in 1986 to 1.05 × 106Mg in 2015, with an average annual increase of 11.64%. In the PMA, 4.71 × 106Mg of carbon emissions from fuel consumption accounted for 41.79% of carbon emissions, and 5.26 × 106Mg of carbon emissions from methane emissions accounted for 46.66%. Carbon emissions from explosives and electricity use were 4.1 × 105Mg and 8.8 × 105Mg, respectively. In this mining area, the factors influencing carbon emissions included population, GDP, and coal output. The results of this study not only provide a reference for cleaner production in mining areas but also lay a foundation for the study of global opencast coal mining carbon emissions.

Greening Industry in Vietnam: Environmental Management Standards and Resource Efficiency in SMEs

Over the past decade, enterprises have sought to minimize their ecological footprints through cleaner production strategies. Evidence can be gathered to support either the view that adopting environmental management standards (EMS) is a cost burden on firms and is detrimental to competitiveness, or that adopting standards increases savings giving firms competitive advantage in the long run. To resolve this seeming paradox in an emerging country context, the relationship between adopting EMS certificate and resource efficiency is examined empirically using a panel sample of 1333 manufacturing SMEs in Vietnam for the (2011–2013) period. Applying an instrumental variable approach, the results indicate that certification leads to resource savings reflected by less use of electricity, fuel and water for each unit of output. Additionally, there is a heterogeneous effect of certification on the extent of resource saving depending on the sector of operation. The paper also highlights determinants of certificate adoption among SMEs which should be considered in the promotion of environmental certificates, especially in developing countries. To successfully roll out the adoption of environmental certificates on a larger scale, better knowledge among business owners on potential competitive and environmental sustainability gains from EMS must be disseminated.

Effects of human capital structural evolution on carbon emissions intensity in China: A dual perspective of spatial heterogeneity and nonlinear linkages

Demographic structure factors are the key drivers affecting carbon emissions. Few previous studies related to carbon emissions intensity (CEI) have combined decomposition analysis with considerations of the structural evolution of demographic factors. Analysis of the effect of the structural distribution and evolutionary path of human capital on CEI is essential to formulate targeted cleaner production strategies. A spatial panel lag model and a quantile regression model are established using panel data for 30 provinces in China from 1998 to 2017. The models explore the effects on CEI of primary, knowledgeable, skilled, and institutional human capital and their regional heterogeneity. The results demonstrate the following. (i) Heterogeneous human capitals drive stock, quality, and factor allocation effects on reductions in CEI in their process of evolution. (ii) In the eastern region, the regression coefficients of primary, knowledgeable, skilled, and institutional human capital are all negative, as are those in the central and western regions. (iii) The effects vary in five quantiles of CEI for heterogeneous human capitals. The main effect of human capital on reduction of CEI in the eastern region changes from higher to lower CEI quantiles as human capital evolves from the primary to the institutional level. The effect of the reduction in CEI of human capital in the central region is stronger in the higher quantiles, and decreases with upgrading of human capital. There is little alteration in the coefficients during the evolution of human capital in the western region. In the northeastern region, the positive effects are obvious. To reduce CEI, the strategy of matching and developing heterogeneous human capital in combination with economic elements is advanced.

Data-driven sustainable intelligent manufacturing based on demand response for energy-intensive industries

The circular economy plays an important role in energy-intensive industries, aiming to contribute to ethical sustainable societal development. Energy demand response is a key actor for cleaner production and circular economy strategy. In the Industry 4.0 context, the advanced technologies (e.g. cloud computing, Internet of things, cyber-physical system, digital twin and big data analytics) provide numerous opportunities for the implementation of a cleaner production strategy and the development of intelligent manufacturing. This paper presented a framework of data-driven sustainable intelligent/smart manufacturing based on demand response for energy-intensive industries. The technological architecture was designed to implement the proposed framework, and multi-level demand response models were developed based on machine, shop-floor and factory to save energy cost. Finally, an application of ball mills in a slurry shop-floor of a partner company was presented to demonstrate the proposed framework and models. Results showed that the energy efficiency of ball mills can be greatly improved. The energy cost of the slurry shop-floor saved approximately 19.33% by considering electricity demand response using particle swarm optimisation. This study provides a practical approach to make effective and energy-efficient decisions for energy-intensive manufacturing enterprises.

Zero-Waste Pattern Cutting (ZWPC) to tackle over sixty billion square metres of fabric wastage during mass production of apparel

This paper for the first time demonstrates the application of the concept of Zero-Waste Pattern Cutting (ZWPC) into mass production of apparel to tackle over 60 billion square metres of scarp fabrics being produced by the fashion industry annually. A strategic framework for implementing ZWPC for multiple sizes of clothing was first developed, then applied and tested on two styles of garments in multiple sizes. Digital pattern cutting and marker making techniques were used to design and cut pattern pieces of different sizes of garments for same style. Physical prototypes were made, and wearer trials were done to check the fit of clothing. It was found that over 98% of fabric utilisation was achieved for both styles, while in traditional industrial practice over 85% is considered impossible. This indicates that the strategic framework for implementing ZWPC in mass production of clothing is effective to result in a much cleaner production. This leads to the development of a ZWPC paradigm for the apparel industry and a novel apparel design process. This framework can be further improved by testing with many different styles of garments being manufactured by the fashion industry today. This will bring a huge practical implication to the apparel industry by offering a leaner and cleaner production strategy.

A methodology for identifying cleaner production options to reduce carbon emission in the manufacturing industry

While industries are familiar with environmental management systems for continuous improvement of production processes and products, there are various green-concept-oriented methods that can address environmental concerns significantly. This work focused on adaptation of cleaner production strategy for enhancing environmental management systems. Specifically, this work developed self-implementable methodology that systematically leads to identification of cleaner production options to improve environmental performance and efficiency of manufacturing industry. The developed methodology aims at preventing or reducing carbon emission from production processes and activities. The proposed methodology comprises three steps. In step 1, the sources of carbon emission from the manufacturing industry are identified through materials and energy consumption and waste generation. In step 2, the fate of the sources of carbon emission is determined. The sources are to be prevented or reduced. In step 3, cleaner production options are generated. Cleaner production options include modification of key operating parameters in manufacturing processes, such as temperature, pressure and time; implementation of housekeeping practices; modification of production process; substitution of greener materials; adaptation of new technologies; training to workers and 3R (reuse, recover, recycle). The options are generated with investigative questions. A food manufacturing industry was selected as a case study to demonstrate the practicality of using the developed methodology to generate cleaner production options. A total of 15 specific cleaner production options were identified for the studied premise using the methodology proposed demonstrating the practicality of the developed methodology.

Competition among BRICS Companies for Cleaner Production Strategies

Cleaner production is a universally defined policy ascertained by of the United Nations for countries worldwide. Multinational companies diligently emphasize the cleaner production strategy while setting their organizational goals. Keeping in view the importance of cleaner production in the world; this study investigates the vision and mission statements of selective multinational companies working in the BRICS countries. Top five multinational companies from each BRICS country; listed in the stock exchanges were taken and their vision and mission statements were analyzed via content analysis methods. The results of the study indicated that the Russian multinational companies were found to be most focused on the cleaner production strategies in their vision and mission statements. Moreover, the results reveal that the South African companies gave the least attention to the cleaner production as compared to other BRICS countries. This study opened the door for future studies and suggested the researchers to investigate more ineptly while focusing more countries and to expand the topic to know the universal implementation of cleaner production policies.

Management and Employees Perception Analysis on Sugar Industry Waste Management Based on Cleaner Production

The analysis of management’s and employees’ perceptions is needed to create strategies and policies on sugar industry waste management based on cleaner production, to reach the concept of cleaner production by reusing, reducing, and recycling waste. The research’s scope is analyzing management’s and employees’ perceptions toward cleaner production principles, that includes Good Housekeeping knowledge aspects, environmental aspect, social-institutional and economical aspects. The aim of the research is to get strategies and policies on sugar industry waste management based on cleaner production, based on management’s and employees’ perceptions toward the application of waste management based on cleaner production at sugar industry. The research was done in Sei Semayang Sugar Factory, Kwala Sugar Factory, and Tjoekir Sugar Factory. Primary data was tested by Alpha Cronbach and Lickert ordinal scale transformed into interval scale using Successive Interval method. To understand the connectivity between variables, multiple linear regression analysis was used, using SPSS 11.5, and then descriptively analyzed. Analyzing Sei Semayang Sugar Factory’s management’s and employees’ perception toward cleaner production results in the knowledge that technical aspect is an influential aspect in factory’s efficiency and waste management. Kwala Madu Sugar Factory management’s and employees’ perception is that environmental aspect, Good Housekeeping aspect, technical aspect, and knowledge aspect, are influential toward sugar industry waste management. While Tjoekir sugar factory management’s and employees’ perception is that social institutional and economical aspect is the influential aspect toward sugar industry waste management. Sugar industry waste management based on cleaner production strategy based on management’s and employees’ perception is an integration between technical aspect, environmental aspect, Good Housekeeping aspect, and social institutional and economical aspect.

Management and Employees Perception Analysis on Sugar Industry Waste Management Based on Cleaner Production

The analysis of management’s and employees’ perceptions is needed to create strategies and policies on sugar industry waste management based on cleaner production, to reach the concept of cleaner production by reusing, reducing, and recycling waste. The research’s scope is analyzing management’s and employees’ perceptions toward cleaner production principles, that includes Good Housekeeping knowledge aspects, environmental aspect, social-institutional and economical aspects. The aim of the research is to get strategies and policies on sugar industry waste management based on cleaner production, based on management’s and employees’ perceptions toward the application of waste management based on cleaner production at sugar industry. The research was done in Sei Semayang Sugar Factory, Kwala Sugar Factory, and Tjoekir Sugar Factory. Primary data was tested by Alpha Cronbach and Lickert ordinal scale transformed into interval scale using Successive Interval method. To understand the connectivity between variables, multiple linear regression analysis was used, using SPSS 11.5, and then descriptively analyzed. Analyzing Sei Semayang Sugar Factory’s management’s and employees’ perception toward cleaner production results in the knowledge that technical aspect is an influential aspect in factory’s efficiency and waste management. Kwala Madu Sugar Factory management’s and employees’ perception is that environmental aspect, Good Housekeeping aspect, technical aspect, and knowledge aspect, are influential toward sugar industry waste management. While Tjoekir sugar factory management’s and employees’ perception is that social institutional and economical aspect is the influential aspect toward sugar industry waste management. Sugar industry waste management based on cleaner production strategy based on management’s and employees’ perception is an integration between technical aspect, environmental aspect, Good Housekeeping aspect, and social institutional and economical aspect.

Which Innovations for a Circular Business Model? A Product Life-Cycle Approach

The Circular Economy concept has emerged to face current unsustainable economic trends. Circularity requires to go beyond mainstream linear business models in favour of new design strategies and production processes able to support an efficient use and a continuous flow of resources. Clarifying and promoting tools for embedding circularity in firms’ business models is becoming crucial to increase resource productivity and achieve competitive advantages. Notwithstanding eco-innovation has been recognized as a fundamental link to connect circular economy with business models restructuring, still little consensus exists on the boundaries and interlinkages among the concepts of Eco-Innovation, Circular Economy and Circular Business Models. This research contributes to the intersection of these different streams of the literature, and aims to understand which innovations can favour the transition from linear to closed-loop processes, and then to identify circular business models. Relying on a review of circular-oriented innovations, we recognize three main groups of innovations that are expected to change firms’ way of doing business in accordance with circularity, leading to the identification of an original Product Life-Cycle Archetype. Finally, relying on survey data in Emilia Romagna region, we check for the reliability of our theoretical framework in practice, analysing firms’ business strategies from a practical perspective and assessing the current implementation of an innovative path in accordance with circular priorities. The analysis reveals a positive engagement amongst the analysed firms in Emilia Romagna, in terms of cleaner production strategies. By contrast, any business innovation linked to the circular use of products has been found to be implemented.

Catalytic effects of CaO, Al2O3, Fe2O3, and red mud on Pteris vittata combustion: Emission, kinetic and ash conversion patterns

Abstract Catalytic effects of red mud (RM), calcium oxide (CaO), aluminum trioxide (Al2O3), and ferric oxide (Fe2O3) were quantified on the combustion, emission and ash characteristics of aboveground (PA) and belowground (PB) biomass of Pteris vittata using thermogravimetric, Fourier transform infrared, X-ray fluorescence and FactSage analyses. CaO affected the specific formation pathways of tar species and inhibited the CO2, HCN and SO2 emissions. Fe2O3 shortened the initial release time of the emissions. Al2O3 inhibited the final NO emission but did not control the N-containing products. RM catalyzed the combustion by suppressing the emissions. The enthalpy of PA was catalytically enhanced in the following order: CaO > RM > Fe2O3 > Al2O3. Only Fe2O3 increased the enthalpy of PB. The stationary index value of PB declined with the catalysts. The comprehensive combustion index of PA was high at 20 °C/min. Al2O3 reduced the risks of slagging, and fouling for PA and PB, while RM exerted a more pronounced effect on PA than PB. The fusion of low-melting point minerals accelerated the mass and heat transfers, and the ash melting. Activation energy was reduced by 275.99% with RM and by 119.82 and 115.81% with Al2O3, and Fe2O3 for PA, respectively. Our results pave the way for cleaner and sustainable production strategies with the catalytic biomass combustion.

Dynamic Optimized Cleaner Production Strategies to Improve Water Environment and Economic Development in Leather Industrial Parks: A Case Study in Xinji, China

The leather industry has contributed significantly to economic development, but serious water environmental problems have arisen due to manufacturing processes in this industry. The leather industry must implement sustainable development by improving cleaner production capabilities under the Chinese ecological development background. The Xinji industrial park in China has the largest leather production base in which the leather industry is the leading industry that contributes nearly 50% of economic gains. This study investigated optimal cleaner production strategies for the leather industrial park by adopting an improved multi-objective simulation approach integrating the environmentally extended input–output and system dynamics models. Simulations were able to estimate the socio-economic and water environment development of the Xinji industrial park from 2015 to 2025. Adopting cleaner approaches, including production efficiency enhancing, sewage pre-treatment facility construction in leather companies, and reclaimed water recycling, simulation results indicated that, with steady economic growth (optimal 7.7% annual growth rate), it is possible to conserve 18% of the water resources, with an 80 % and 90% reduction for the chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia (NH3-N) water pollutant emission intensity, respectively. The cleaner development path and measures analyzed in this study are of great significance to promote the sustainable development of leather industrial parks.

Assessment of greenhouse gas mitigation options for the iron, gold, and potash mining sectors

Abstract The objective of this study is to investigate greenhouse gas mitigation pathways for the iron, gold, and potash mining sectors in Canada. These sectors have not widely accepted the available cleaner production strategies and so there is potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. It is important to fully realize this potential as soon as possible to support efforts to limit global warming. We conducted cost-benefit analyses of implementable greenhouse gas reduction strategies in order to inform policy and industry. Twenty-four greenhouse gas emission reduction options not yet implemented in Canada were identified following a review of current processes and operations at 102 mine sites. We developed a novel model to assess these options, integrating technology diffusion rates and long-term energy-environmental modelling. We found that the maximum greenhouse gas reduction potential can be realized through simultaneously implementing fifteen technology changes, eliminating 21 million tonnes of CO2 eq. by 2050. Furthermore, we showed that the marginal greenhouse gas abatement costs are negative, indicating that the industry would also achieve long-term cost savings if these changes were pursued. Implementing high pressure grinding rolls in iron mining and electric and diesel hybrid haul trucks in underground gold mining and potash mining have the most favorable greenhouse gas abatement costs of −4120, −3096, −701 $/tonne, respectively. These results show that these technology changes should be pursued since both environmental benefit and cost savings would be achieved.

Environmental and managerial information for cleaner production strategies: An environmental management development perspective

Abstract This paper examines the uses and characteristics of environmental and managerial information for cleaner production (CP) strategies to achieve corporate sustainability from an environmental management development perspective. Based on a development stage model, an analytical framework was developed to identify the organizational uses and dimension characteristics of information for three different CP strategies, namely, efficiency, consistency and sufficiency. Based on twelve case studies of businesses in Sri Lanka, the uses and characteristics of information are explored at three different environmental management development stages (i.e. functional specialization, internal integration and external integration). Overall, the study found that the organizations at the functional specialization stage, with limited information uses and characteristics, adopt a narrow view of CP strategies by associating them with efficiency. As organizations progress to higher stages of environmental management development, the information uses and characteristics for CP are expanded to encapsulate sufficiency and consistency strategies while strengthening the efficiency uses. Further, the findings show that limited uses and characteristics of information in some respects such as for pricing decisions, internal reporting of environmental aspects (e.g. material, water and waste with the exception of energy) and external collaboration can undermine the efforts of companies to use CP strategies for corporate environmental sustainability.

A probabilistic-based approach to support the comfort performance assessment of existing buildings

Abstract Building performance is focused on maintaining and increasing sustainability while enhancing occupants' comfort levels. Occupants' comfort depends on uncertain, interrelated personal, social and building factors. However, the relationships between these factors are not covered by performance assessment tools based on linear analysis approaches. This study proposes a probabilistic model based on Bayesian networks (BNs) to assess the comfort performance of a building. An extensive review and evaluation of the causal factors of building performance, supported by the results of a satisfaction survey, are the basis for the BN model. Sensitivity analysis is used to verify the BN model, and the proposed approach is tested on an existing building. Findings from this research can guide decision-makers in the facility management industry to assess and understand causal factors of occupants’ comfort to properly establish sustainable and cleaner production strategies.

Understanding farmers’ intentions to adopt sustainable crop residue management practices: A structural equation modeling approach

The adoption of sustainable residue management practices is considered as a cleaner production option for the agricultural sector. However, limited information is available from Pakistan on the current use and adoption of sustainable residue management practices and different socio-physiological factors are involved in the process of shaping farmers' intentions. Based on the protection motivation theory framework, this study analyzes the socio-physiological factors affecting the farmers' intentions on adopting sustainable crop residue management practices. The paper is based on cross-sectional data collected from 420 farmers across Punjab and employs a structural equation modeling to explore research objectives. The research findings show that farmers, who perceive high risk from crop residue burning or who are aware of its negative consequences, are more intended to adopt sustainable crop residue management practices. However, their adoption intentions do have significant relationship with the self-efficacy implying the lack of resources, time, knowledge, competency, and skills as constraints limiting the adoption of cleaner production strategies. Further, the research findings also confirm the positive and significant role of habits of farmers in shaping their intentions to use sustainable crop residue management practices. In addition to this, the paper found a positive and significant role in social interaction, sources of information and access to extension services in shaping farmers’ decision regarding sustainable residue management practices at the farm level. The research findings suggest enhancing awareness to highlight the negative impacts of crop residue burning and to train them regarding useful and sustainable crop residue management options that are not only cleaner production options but also generate economic benefits for farmers.

Energy-cyber-physical system enabled management for energy-intensive manufacturing industries

Cleaner production is a green production way to minimize emissions and waste as well as maximize product output. Cleaner production has proven itself as an effective way to reduce energy consumption and improve material utilization during the whole manufacturing process. However, the implementation of cleaner production strategy is facing barriers due to the lack of applying advanced technologies such as cloud manufacturing, Internet of Things, and cyber-physical system. Based on these advanced technologies, this paper presents an architecture of energy-cyber-physical system enabled management for energy-intensive manufacturing industries to promote the implementation of cleaner production strategy. An energy-cyber-physical system enabled green manufacturing model for the future smart factory is proposed. Then the qualitative and quantitative synergetic models based on energy-cyber-physical system are developed for cleaner manufacturing. Finally, an application of a partner company is presented to demonstrate the proposed framework and synergistic models. The results show that energy consumption can be greatly reduced using synergistic evaluation models. Further managerial implications are summarized to increase the level of synergy of energy-cyber-physical system, which can achieve cleaner production strategy by making energy-efficient decisions from different departments.