Clean Water Resources Research Articles

Continuous and efficient purification of seawater using suspended photothermal nanocomposite fabrics with self-floatation

Solar energy is a sustainable clean energy. Evaporating seawater through solar thermal conversion is an ideal solution to the global shortage of fresh water resources. At present, solar evaporating seawater generally suffers from serious heat loss, salt accumulation and high cost. Here, through non-woven technology and spraying process, a flexible non-woven fabric with rough, porous, and fluffy surface is prepared. Polyethylene terephthalate/polypropylene (PET/PP) composite nonwoven fabric is used as the substrate, and polydopamine (PDA) is used as an adhesive and hydrophilic agent to wrap the surface of the fibre. Carbon nanotubes (WCNTS) are used as light-absorbing materials to bond to the surface of the fibre to form an efficient solar evaporator. The rough fabric surface makes the incident light diffusely reflected in the absorption layer multiple times, thereby increasing the light absorption rate (≈94%), while the fluffy and porous micron-scale network structure of the composite non-woven fabric shows a strong capillary effect. Based on these advantages, the air suspension evaporation method is used for evaporation. Under one solar irradiation (1kw m−2), the water evaporation rate reaches 1.42 kgm−2 h−1, and the conversion efficiency is close to 92%. In addition, WCNTS@PDA-PET/PP composite nonwovens can still maintain high solar evaporation efficiency after long-term cycling, indicating that it has long-term durability and good reusability. In addition, the clean water desalinated using WCNTS@PDA-PET/PP composite non-woven fabric meets drinking water standards (defined by WHO) and shows excellent desalination ability. Most importantly, this composite material easy to produce, can be produced on a large scale in industry, and is expected to solve the shortage of clean water resources.

Small Scale Rainwater Harvesting Design for External Usage

Water is a life-sustaining resource for humans and all other creatures. Humans, animals, and plants all need water to survive. A proper rainwater harvesting system (RWH) could produce clean and efficient water resources. This study aims to identify outdoor water consumption in UTHM main campus, to choose the appropriate capacity for RWH tank, and to suggest a rainwater harvesting design for outdoor water consumption in UTHM's main campus. This study involved fieldwork, literature study, collection of rainfall data, simulations using Tangki NAHRIM software, and a semi-structured interview with UTHM's assistant engineer. The results of this study identified a few outdoor water consumption in the UTHM's main campus, namely vehicle cleaning and watering the garden. Based on the rainfall data and the catchment area, the average daily harvested rainwater for a week is 2286.3ℓ. Therefore, a water tank system with capacity of 3000ℓ has been proposed as a solution. The results demonstrated two possible RWH designs, first, a stainless steel tank with a capacity of 3000ℓ, second, two polyethene tanks, each with 1500ℓ in capacity. Simulation results from Tangki NAHRIM showed that the proposed RWH system has high storage efficiency up to 97.86%. This research could serve as a guide for future researchers, the Center of Development and Maintenance UTHM (PPP UTHM), and contractors in designing future small-scale rainwater harvesting systems for outdoor water consumption in the UTHM Main Campus.

Bifunctional superwetting carbon nanotubes/cellulose composite membrane for solar desalination and oily seawater purification

• • Bifunctional cellulose-based membrane was prepared by Schiff base reaction and physical cross-linking assembly. • • A novel stacking strategy was proposed to achieve efficient solar seawater desalination and wastewater purification. • • Oil-in-water and water-in-oil emulsions could be efficiently separated by means of composite membranes. • • The integrated device achieved the simultaneous removal of oil and ions from oily seawater. Simultaneous removal of oil and ions from complex oily seawater to produce fresh water remains a serious challenge, and more effective and sustainable alternatives need to be developed. Here, by adjusting the components of dialdehyde microcrystalline cellulose (DAC) and amino modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs), a bifunctional composite membrane (CNT@DAC) enabling solar-driven desalination and emulsion filtrating separation was prepared. CNTs cross-linked on the DAC membrane through Schiff base reaction and vacuum-assisted filtration had excellent light-harvesting effects, and could provide a superior light absorption of up to 97% in the full solar spectrum. And a new stacking strategy was proposed to build 2D water path and reduce heat loss, so that the solar-driven evaporation efficiency of the CNT@DAC membrane could reach 90.86% under 1.0 sun. Noteworthily, the CNT@DAC membrane with underwater superoleophobic and underoil superhydrophobic achieved on-demand efficient separation of oil-in-water and water-in-oil emulsions. With the help of this bifunctional membrane, the integrated purification of oily seawater was realized, thereby obtaining clean water resources that meet drinking water standards. We believe that this research represents an avenue for boosting the combination of solar-driven water evaporation and superwetting systems into practical applications, and will attribute to solve the water and energy crisis.

Mapping land use and surface water quality for urban clean water resource

The population growth and water needs, cumulated with climate change will aggravate the global water scarcity crisis. Surakarta city initiated to use their three rivers across the city as one of the surface water resources to ensure water availability and preserve the environment. This paper aims to give an understanding of the riverbanks’ land use characteristics and river water quality in Surakarta’s three major rivers. The land use data was gathered from satellite images, while the river water quality was gathered from secondary data. Spatial grouping analysis by geographic information system was used to examine the characteristic based on land use and water quality in three major rivers across Surakarta. The results show that there are some different typologies of land use that affect water quality. Therefore, the government needs to improve the land use management to improve the surface water capacity to become one of the urban clean water resources.

Performance of ferroelectric visible light type II Ag10Si4O13/TiO2 heterojunction photocatalyst

Water remediation using semiconductor photocatalysts under visible light (VL) irradiance appears as a more sustainable technology option due to the greater penetration depth. Consequently, the overall band spectrum of VL has received significant attention to providing solutions to secure clean water resources over the past few decades. This research developed an innovative approach to enhancing the visible light susceptibility of semiconductor-based photocatalytic composites Ag10Si4O13/TiO2 (ASO/TO). The intrinsic properties of TO and electron donor ability of ASO lend synergistically to the generation of a narrow bandgap semiconductor. A feasible wet-chemistry method was found to engineer the electronic properties of ASO/TO under VL for rapid decolorization of methylene blue (MB). Inhibition experiments with several agents confirmed that the decolorization proceeds through the generation of hydroxyl radical species assisted by hole carrier generation at the ASO junction. The rate of MB decomposition followed a pseudo-first-order kinetic profile (98.2% within 35 mins under ambient conditions with 5 ppm of 2:1 ASO/TO and 20 ppm of MB). The XRD/XPS spectroscopic analysis confirms the electronic polarization of distorted SiO4 tetrahedral units coordinated to Ag-O, forming a double dumbbell double-helical structure. The staggered bandgap of these composite photocatalysts is associated with the Ag-Ag d10/sp hybridization and dispersive conduction band. At the same time, the 2p orbitals of TiO2 showed a less dispersive band due to the availability of d-orbitals. The generated Ag10Si4O13 (ASO) based ferroelectric materials allow amplifying its frequency due to internal polarization along the c-axis. The electrochemical evaluation also showed that the interface charge transfer resistance was lowered relative to TiO2, facilitating the efficacy of photocatalytic reactivity, where the generation of holes as charge carriers was the rate-limiting step. The novel nano-engineering strategy providing highly active photocatalysis can open new horizons for VL applications.

Facile fabrication of semi-IPN hydrogel adsorbent based on quaternary cellulose via amino-anhydride click reaction in water

Clean and safe water resources play a key role in environmental safety and human health. Recently, hydrogels have attracted extensive attention due to their non-toxicity, controllable performance, and high adsorption. Herein, a semi- interpenetrating network hydrogel (semi-IPN-Gel) adsorbent based on quaternary cellulose (QC) was prepared by the amino-anhydride click reaction between maleic anhydride copolymer and polyacrylamine hydrochloride (PAH), and its adsorption properties for Eosin Y were studied. First, a binary copolymer (PAM) of acrylamide and maleic anhydride was synthesized by free radical polymerization. Then, the PAM, QC and PAH were dissolved in water, and the pH of the solution was adjusted to alkaline. Semi-IPN-Gel was successfully prepared by fast anhydride-amino click reaction. The preparation conditions of hydrogels were optimized by single-factor experiments. Finally, taking Eosin Y as a model pollutant, the adsorption performance of Eosin Y was studied. The factors influencing the adsorption capacity of the absorbents such as initial concentration of the Eosin Y, temperature, the amount of absorbent, ionic strength and pH of the Eosin Y solutions were investigated. And adsorption data were analyzed via the kinetic model and the isothermal model, indicating that the adsorption process of the hydrogel is a single layer chemisorption process.

Constructing a versatile hybrid harvester for efficient power generation, detection and clean water collection

Exploring renewable green energy and clean water resources is a significant and long-term measure to guarantee the sustainable development of future society. At present, developing hybrid devices that can continually produce electricity and fresh water are particularly in demand. Herein, a fiber-shaped hybrid harvester composed of a water collect component with contrasting wettability surface and liquid-solid triboelectric component is proposed, which can efficiently extract fresh water from a moist environment and convert water drop energies into electrical power at the same time. By systematically manipulating the dopamine/lysine mass ratio, proportion of alternating superhydrophilic/hydrophobic surface, electrode length, and tribolayer thickness, the optimized integrated hybrid device provides the water collection efficiency of 3.2 g/h and generate the current of 41.5 nA and output power of 0.23 μW. Moreover, this device can maintain desirable durability and stability of water collection and power generation even after various deformation, soaking, and long-time exposure. Due to these advantages, the harvester can be used as the power supply for charging various capacitors and also as a self-powered sensor for intelligent environmental detection systems, such as monitoring fog intensity, the volume/frequency of raindrops, and the pipe water leakage. This work not only realizes the perfect combination of fresh water collection and electricity production but also provides novel insight to develop versatile hybrid harvester devices for obtaining multiple renewable resources.

A Literature Review on Extraction of Potable Water from Atmospheric Air Using Solar Stills: Recent Developments

Drinking water and utility water are indispensable elements in meeting many vital needs, especially drinking, cooking and cleaning. Unconscious agricultural irrigation, pollution, and population growth cause water scarcity that humanity must cope with. As a result of global warming and climate change, especially the amount of potable water is decreasing, making it difficult to access clean water resources. The occupancy of drinking water sources decreases in high temperature seasons and some of them even disappear. This situation has made it necessary to search for alternative methods to obtain drinking water. One of these methods is to obtain potable water from atmospheric air containing high amounts of water. With the widespread use of this method, the scarcity of drinking water can be alleviated to a certain extent. In this study, the processes of condensing the water in the atmospheric air by using solar energy, which is a renewable energy source, and thus obtaining potable water are discussed. Efforts to increase the efficiency of obtaining potable water by using various absorbents and by various systemic solar still designs have yielded positive results. As a result of this literature review, the limits of the studies and their regional effectiveness were evaluated together. The effect of temperature, velocity, humidity of the atmospheric air and the amount of solar radiation on the process were evaluated. It has been concluded that certain desiccant materials with good water absorbers such as calcium chloride and silica gel can be used effectively in the processes of obtaining potable water from atmospheric air by developing correct designs. It has been demonstrated that high atmospheric air temperature, which is an important cause of water scarcity, can be converted from disadvantage to advantage by utilizing solar energy.

Identification of the Aquifer Type to Determine the Location of Groundwater Drilling in Karangsari Village, Kulonprogo Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta

Kulonprogo Regency is area that have an existing problem with clean water resource. This water resource distribution influed by the rock formation of this area and can be overcome with developing groundwater source. This research was conducted with the aim of determining the location of groundwater drilling that can meet the availability of clean water for the area. The method used is geoelectrical measurement using the Schlumberger method, by Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) method. The best drilling point is at KP 05.3 with aquifer resistance value is 20.20 ohm-m at a dept of 53-70 m and 41.9 ohm-m at a dept of 90-115 m. The aquifer is composed of volcanic sandstone lithology. Each drilling point is measured by three geoelectric points, obtained an error rate of 10% and an accuracy of 90%.

Multi-method Approach in Fulfilling Clean Water Resources for Inhabitants in A Rural Area: Preliminary Results

Clean water scarcity is among the crucial issues for inhabitants at Cikakaban Village, Tasikmalaya City. The complexity of the geological and hydrogeological conditions around Cikakaban Village makes groundwater exploration quite difficult. Regionally, Cikakaban Village has low aquifer productivity and is located at the contact of two formations which are passed by a fault. Therefore, a multi-method approach should be used in water sources exploration to obtain comprehensive results. In this paper, we presented the preliminary results which consist of the detailed geological and hydrogeological conditions of Cikakaban Village and its surroundings based on direct field observations. These observations aim to know the lithology that composes the research area and its characteristics, the potential of aquifers and water resources around the research area, as well as an overview of the distribution of groundwater depth and its flow direction. Geological survey includes observation of outcrops, both lithological description and geological structure evidence. Meanwhile, hydrogeological survey includes observation wells (location plotting, measuring ground water level elevation and depth, and checking water quality), as well as observation of the other potential water resources around Cikakaban Village. It can be inferred that rocks underlying the study area have fine grain sizes, dominated by claystone and tuff. However, the presence of geological structure causes these rocks to potentially become productive aquifers. Other potential water sources around the research area are springs and intermittent rivers.

Development of a modified composite structure from polyurethane sponge for desalinating seawater polluted by oil

With an increasingly prominent lack of clean water resources, solar water evaporation as a convenient desalination technique has been favored in arid areas, but the serious pollution of offshore oil put forward the higher requirements to desalinate seawater polluted by oil. In this work, a modified composite structure (MCS) with photothermal conversion and water-oil separation properties was developed by modifying polyurethane sponges (PUS) with different hydrophobicity, where its evaporation structure (ES) had excellent light absorbing ability (spectral absorption of 98.1%) and underwater super-oleophobicity (underwater oil contact angel of 151.7°) by loading carbon black (CB) and hydrophilic modification, as well as its oil-absorption structure (OS) can absorb 1 mL oil within 10 s for achieving water-oil separation through hydrophobic modification. The experimental results revealed that the evaporation rate of the evaporator with the MCS reached 2.03 kg m−2 h−1 under 1 sun when its height exposed to air was 3 cm. Consequently, the MCS possessed highly efficient evaporation performance and can effectively desalinate seawater polluted by oil to prevent secondary pollution caused by oil evaporation, which had good practical value and promotion prospects in seawater desalination.

Removal of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solutions with Fly Ash Based Geopolymer Foam

Geopolymers are ceramic like materials synthesized by alkali activation of aluminosilicate powder at relatively low temperatures. Geopolymers have excellent properties such as high mechanical strength, high acid resistance, and high fire resistance. Depending on the properties of geopolymers, they have many application fields like adsorption, waste encapsulation, and construction industry. Adsorption is one of the remarkable application areas of geopolymers. Due to the increasing demand for clean water resources, the need for developments in water treatment is also increasing. Geopolymers offer cost effective and environmentally friendly alternatives to adsorbent materials. Many waste materials including fly ash and blast furnace slag can be used to synthesize geopolymeric materials. In this experimental study fly ash was used as raw material and geopolymer foam was produced by using 4 M sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate. Hydrogen peroxide was utilized to obtain foamed material. Fresh geopolymer paste cured at 80°C for 4 hours and then aged at laboratory conditions. Samples aged for 28 days were used in methylene blue removal from an aqueous solution. Adsorption experiments were carried out at laboratory conditions under normal light and under UV lamp in the presence of TiO2. The concentration of the solution obtained at the end of the adsorption contact time was determined by UV/VIS spectrophotometer at 665 nm. The effect of adsorbent ratio and temperature on removal efficiency and adsorption capacity were investigated. The highest removal efficiency values were obtained as 92% and 83% under UV lamp and normal light, respectively. The results indicated that geopolymers are very promising materials that can be used in methylene blue removal.

Investigating the potential of water supply system for environmental sustainability

The Royal Belum State Park (RBSP) is gazette as a reserve area in Malaysia is covered by 90% of forest and inhabited by mostly the Jahai tribes. One of the hardships of these indigenous Jahai is to retrieve drinkable water from clean water resource. Due to the constraint of development in the rural area of forest reserve RBSP, a sustainable water supply system project needs to ease the tribe. Hence, this study investigates the potential for a water supply system towards environmental sustainability as a starting point for an environmentally sustainable water supply project at RBSP. The investigation is conducted using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) on the existing literature with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The statement review method from Scopus and Web of Science databases have recognized 12 out of 84 related research articles searched worldwide on a topic related to the rural sustainable water supply. Findings from the 12 sustainable water supply research articles reveal two main considerations in determining the water supply which are the local context and water sources availability. Hence, a site visit to RBSP is recommended to further investigate the potential water supply system towards environmental sustainability at the research location.

Peningkatan Partisipasi Masyarakat untuk Percepatan Capaian SDG’s Sektor Air Bersih dan Sanitasi

The SDGs or Sustainable Development Goals are the 2030 Global Development Agenda which has become a commitment from all countries in the world, including Indonesia. Goal 6 Clean water and sanitation aims to ensure the need for clean water is adequate for all levels of society. Achieving these goals is highly dependent on community participation to help accelerate the SDG's program in the clean water and sanitation sector. The need for clean water can be met by utilizing the existing clean water supply while taking into account the impact on the environment. Rainwater has the potential to become a clean water resource by utilizing a simple rainwater harvesting system consisting of gutters, piping systems, and water tanks. By utilizing rainwater resources, it can help reduce the use of groundwater due to overexploitation of groundwater. Service activities are carried out online and offline together with partners SMPN 06 Pekanbaru by build Rain Water Harvesting (RWH) construction; so that later the RWH building can become a pilot activity/ best practice for other schools and the surrounding community.

Drinking Water Standards and Their Implementation—A Critical Assessment

Diminishing clean water resources and their pollution (due to human activities and climatic change) are of great concern on a global basis. Under such conditions, the adequacy of drinking water (DW) standards and their meticulous implementation are issues of utmost importance in safeguarding human health. Unfortunately, the significant number of disease outbreaks (and of other suspected/potential health effects) related to DW, even in developed countries, attests to the fact that these issues require vigilance and continuous re-appraisal, particularly considering the assorted emerging contaminants and the ever-improving technological tools to cope with them. Therefore, the present comprehensive assessment addresses the main issues and concerns regarding DW standards and implementation thereof. Emphasis is placed on identifying the inherent deficiencies of standards (due to neglect of potential toxic contaminants and to debatable specifications/limit values) and regulations for their implementation and the monitoring of DW quality (due to weaknesses of available analytical/measurement techniques and inadequacies of tools and protocols). Rather serious deficiencies on these aspects are evident regarding the main categories of contaminants, i.e., synthetic chemicals and biological species. In regard to addressing these issues, progress made in recent years at the scientific/technical level and the main challenges are outlined toward the goal of an improvement in standards and their implementation.

Waste semi-coke/polydopamine based self-floating solar evaporator for water purification

Solar steam generation as a green and sustainable technology has recently attracted significant interest for relieving the longstanding challenge of clean water resources. However, the large-scale preparation of low cost photothermal materials for solar steam generators is highly desired yet still challenging. Herein, semi-coke (SC), a solid byproduct of coal industrial, was first demonstrated as an efficient photothermal material and successfully applied in solar steam generation system by depositing SC on melamine sponge with the assistance of polydopamine. Then, the modified melamine sponge was functionalized by hydrophobic methyl trichlorosilane to fabricate the self-floating semi-coke/polydopamine@photothermal melamine sponge (SPMS). Based on their outstanding light absorption, good wettability, and effective thermal location, the SPMS performs a high evaporation rate of 1.41 kg m −2 h −1 with a solar thermal conversion efficiency of 90.56% under 1 sun irradiation. Meanwhile, the SPMS has remarkable cycle stability and water purification abilities for seawater, dyeing wastewater and heavy metal solution. By turning “waste” to “wealth”, the SPMS shows great potential for sustainable applications in synergetic solar clean water production. • The waste semi-coke was first applied for solar steam generation. • A self-floating system inspired by ducks was fabricated. • Extremely low cost and abundant resources made this absorber stand out. • Excellent water purification capacity.

Spatial distribution and health risk assessment of dissolved heavy metals in groundwater of eastern China coastal zone

Environmental changes and human activities have deteriorated the quality of groundwater, which is an important source of freshwater in coastal areas. The Jiangsu Coastal Zone (JCZ), which is a typical area of the eastern China coastal zone (ECCZ), has a great demand for clean water resources due to its dense population. The groundwater in the JCZ is affected by both human activities and seawater intrusion. However, research on heavy metals in the groundwater of the JCZ is limited. This study investigated the spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of heavy metals in coastal groundwater of Jiangsu Province and conducted a health risk assessment (HRA). Relatively high concentrations of Cu, Cd, Pb, Co, Zn, and Ba existed in the northern JCZ, while As and B predominated in the central JCZ. The main heavy metal pollutants in the groundwater are B and As, with mean values at 0.61 mg/L and 0.02 mg/L, exceeding the standard rate reaching 48.28% and 18.07% respectively. The HRA results showed that B had the largest hazard quotient (HQ), accounting for 50.22% of the total HQs, and As was attributed to the pollutant with the largest cancer risk (CR), accounting for 99.74% of the total CRs. According to the results of the correlation analysis, heavy metals in the groundwater of JCZ mainly originated from industrial pollution, seawater intrusion, and mineral dissolution. Seawater intrusion increases the content of As and B in groundwater, leading to higher health risks. Therefore, the government should strengthen the supervision of seawater intrusion by implementing more effective water resource management policies, or adopting engineering measures such as installing subsurface physical barriers to prevent and control seawater intrusion.

Salt-resistant Schiff base cross-linked superelastic photothermal cellulose aerogels for long-term seawater desalination

Solar steam generators (SSGs) that continuously supply clean water resources under solar radiation have been recognized as a sustainable approach to mitigate the global water and energy crisis. However, most SSGs currently face the accumulation of salt on the surface during long-term seawater desalination, which hinders the water supply and vapor escape and significantly reduces the evaporation efficiency. Inspired by the porous water channels of reverse transportation, the SSG (PPy@PEI@A-CNF aerogel) with superelastic and photothermal properties was obtained by the Schiff base reaction of aldehyde-based cellulose nanofibers (A-CNF) and polyethyleneimine (PEI) and freeze assembly, and further in-situ polymerized with polypyrrole (PPy). This aerogel with porous hierarchical structure performed outstanding mechanical robustness (89.9% strain remaining after 100 compress-release cycles), ultra-low density (0.021 g cm−3) and thermal conductivity (0.042 W m−1 K−1), high porosity (97.72%) and full spectrum solar energy absorption (98.4%). Moreover, the aerogel could be used for solar-driven water evaporation, and its evaporation rate and efficiency were as high as 1.66 kg m–2h−1 and 94.62% under 1.0 sun. Owing to the rapid re-dissolution of the salt in the reverse transport of macroporous structure, the aerogel exhibited excellent salt-resistant and self-desalting properties during long-term seawater desalination, and also showed superior purification effects and reusability. These findings provide a new method for designing reusable macroporous SSGs to meet eco-friendly, efficient and sustainable fresh water access.

A Field-Based Experiment on the Influence of Stand Density Reduction on Watershed Processes at the Caspar Creek Experimental Watersheds in Northern California

Forests are integral to sustaining clean water resources and healthy watersheds. It is critical, therefore, that managers fully understand the potential impacts of their actions on myriad ecosystem services provided by forested watersheds. While forest hydrologists have long used paired-watershed experiments to elucidate the complex interactions between forest management and watershed biogeochemical and ecohydrological processes, there is still much to learn from these studies. Here, we present an overview of the process for designing a paired-watershed study using a large harvesting experiment at the Caspar Creek Experimental Watersheds in coastal California as an example. We detail many considerations when designing such an experiment and highlight the wide range of scientific investigations that are part of the larger experiment. Paired watershed studies are a great example of community engaged scholarship and offer the unique opportunity to work with land managers to solve applied problems while simultaneously discovering new fundamental knowledge about how watersheds function.

Penyuluhan pentingnya pelestarian ekosistem Danau Timbang Bunga Pengantin di Desa Sungai Sorik Kecamatan Kuantan Hilir Seberang Kabupaten Kuantan Singingi

Oxbow lake ecosystem have been used by local people traditionally along with the human history. The ecosystem were of important for clean water resources, fishing and cage culture, collecting aquatic fauna as well as rice field. However, more intense human intervention has brought about recently an effect on the sustainability of the ecosystem in term of ecological, social economical perspective. Danau Timbang Bunga Pengantin of Sungai Sorik, were developed for tourist destination especially for water attraction activities, floating restaurant, and fish cage culture. As such, the ecological burden stressors increased significantly. The present study aimed at promoting awareness and participation of local people on conservation and protection of the ecosystem from unsustainable uses, by attending group extension in classroom and observation outdoor. The results showed that 60% of the community were just aware of the effect of certain activities done to the sustainability of the lake. Responses of the participants in the classroom categorized high and curious to participate on the conservation of the lake.