Classical Music Research Articles

생태전환교육으로서의 음악교육에 대한 중등 음악교사의 인식 조사

This research aims to propose a direction for ecological music education through an investigation on music teachers’ perception regarding music education as an ecological transformation education. The research was carried out by analyzing literature related to ecological music and conducting a survey on ecological music education of 321 music teachers. The data was analyzed by SPSS 29, conducting frequency analysis and descriptive statistics. Additionally, the t-test and linear regression analysis were carried out to explore the relationship between teachers’ background and their perception of ecological music education. The result demonstrated that music teachers positively perceived a potential behind music as an ecological transformation education, believing music and ecology were related, and therefore music could be used to resolve ecological crisis. Furthermore, although many teachers didn’t teach music classes related to ecology, most of them had willingness to receive training about it. On the other hand, they indicated a need for standardization of terminology such as ‘ecological music’, an introduction of example cases for ecological music classes, and the development of ecological music education programs. Also, perceiving that the workplace was nature-friendly had a positive impact on perceiving that music and ecology were related.

포디프레임을 활용한 오르골 제작과 창의적 활동을 포함한 융합교육프로그램의 교육적 효과

Objectives In this study, we investigated the educational effectiveness of a convergence education program in which students make music boxes and participate in creative activities using 4Dframes. Methods For the purpose, we developed a convergence education program that includes music box production and creative activities using 4Dframes. And this research was conducted with a total of 12 students, including 4 students of middle school, and 8 students of elementary school. Students were divided into four teams and took classes, and a survey consisting of 6 items on a Likert scale was conducted to determine the effectiveness of the program. Additionally, for qualitative research, three researchers independently analyzed video recordings and transcriptions, including students' activities, in-depth interviews, observation records, and evaluation meetings. Results The convergence education program consisting of a total of 10 sessions was developed and administered to students to confirm its educational effectiveness. Through the convergence education program that links music education, engineering, science, and technology activities developed in this study, changes in perception regard-ing students' enjoyment of music box making, self-evaluation of scientific inquiry ability, awareness of creative ability, preference for music concerto, heip with studying sheet music and playing musical insturments, and desire for music creation were confirmed. In particular, unlike traditional music classes where students play the piano while reading sheet music, they were able to gain a specific and intuitive understanding of playing music through creative activities such as making a music box with a 4Dframe and modifying it in various ways, and had a positive experience with music related activities. Conclusions Teachers can contribute to educational success by actively listening to students' ideas to stimulate their thinking processes, acknowledging the work students produce, and working collaboratively with students to explore the significance of these activities. Additionally, as digital technology makes it possible for students to take on the roles of composer, performer, and listener simultaneously. As future changes may occur in the way stu-dents engage with music in education, teachers must be equipped to design teaching methods that take advant-age of the opportunities offered by new technologies.

Effect of Indian Classical Music on Flow State and Emotional Competence of Young Adults

The aim of this research study was to see the effect of Indian Classical Music on Flow State and Emotional Competence of young adults. The objectives included studying the difference in flow state and emotional competence of the participants before and after exposure to the Indian classical music intervention track. This was done through comparing the pre test mid test and post test results. The population for this study included a total of 29 young adults between the age group of 22 to 30, a mixture of learners and non-learners of music. It was a - Single Group Pre & Post Experimental Research Design. Convenient sampling method was used. The instrumental music intervention track was set to Raag Miyan ki Malhar, the Emotional Competence Scale, the Flow Short Scale and the feelings wheel were some of the tools used for this research. Results revealed that there was a significant increase in the Flow State dimensions including Fluency, Absorption and a decrease in Worry from pre test to both mid test and post test. This indicates that the Indian classical music intervention was able to promote a state of flow. With regard to emotional competence, the dimensions Ability to Function with Emotions (AFE) and Ability to Cope with Problem Emotions (ACPE) showed a significant increase from pre test to post test indicating that the intervention track was able to have a positive impact on the emotional competence dimensions.

History of Assamese Modern Song: from Birth Cry to Jyotiprasad

The journey of the Assamese modern song starts after the advent of the Baptist missionaries. The prime intention of it was to propagate Christianity among the people of Assam. Music as a medium of propagation was common in the past. The creations of Vaishnava saints of Assam were examples of it. Though the songs could not influence much, they became the root of Assamese modern songs. Rabindra Sangeet influenced the Assamese nobility, and the Assamese language was thought of as not suitable for modern songs. Taking it as a challenge, some Assamese writers like Benudhar Rajkhowa, Satyanath Bora, Lakshiram Baruah, and Kirtinath Bardoloi started writing songs, and the first book of the Assamese song "Geetawali" was published in the year 1888. Assamese modern songs at that time could not detach themselves from Assamese plays. Later, the Assamese modern song, in its infant age, was nurtured by Ambikagiri Raychudhury, Umesh Chandra Chaudhury, Kamalananda Bhattacharya, etc. Later, Jyotiprasad Agarwala shaped Assamese modern songs based on Assamese folk music, Hindustani Classical Music, and Western music. This paper attempts to trace the journey of the Assamese modern song from its origin to the creation of Jyotiprasad Agarwala.

Music teachers’ labeling accuracy and quality ratings of lesson plans by artificial intelligence (AI) and humans

This study explored the potential of artificial intelligence (ChatGPT) to generate lesson plans for music classes that were indistinguishable from music lesson plans created by humans, with current music teachers as assessors. Fifty-six assessors made a total of 410 ratings across eight lesson plans, assigning a quality score to each lesson plan and labeling if they believed each lesson plan was created by a human or generated by AI. Despite the human-made lesson plans being rated higher in quality as a group ( p < .01, d = 0.44), assessors were unable to accurately label if a lesson plan was created by a human or generated by AI (55% accurate overall). Labeling accuracy was positively predicted by quality scores on human-made lesson plans and previous personal use of AI, while accuracy was negatively predicted by quality scores on AI-generated lesson plans and perception of how useful AI will be in the future. Open-ended responses from 42 teachers suggested assessors used three factors when making evaluations: specific details, evidence of classroom knowledge, and wording. Implications provide suggestions for how music teachers can use prompt engineering with a GPT model to create a virtual assistant or Intelligent Tutor System (ITS) for their classroom.

Multimodal Embodiment Research of Oral Music Traditions: Electromyography in Oud Performance and Education Research of Persian Art Music

With the recent advent of research focusing on the body’s significance in music, the integration of physiological sensors in the context of empirical methodologies for music has also gained momentum. Given the recognition of covert muscular activity as a strong indicator of musical intentionality and the previously ascertained link between physical effort and various musical aspects, electromyography (EMG)—signals representing muscle activity—has also experienced a noticeable surge. While EMG technologies appear to hold good promise for sensing, capturing, and interpreting the dynamic properties of movement in music, which are considered innately linked to artistic expressive power, they also come with certain challenges, misconceptions, and predispositions. The paper engages in a critical examination regarding the utilisation of muscle force values from EMG sensors as indicators of physical effort and musical activity, particularly focusing on (the intuitively expected link to) sound levels. For this, it resides upon empirical work, namely practical insights drawn from a case study of music performance (Persian instrumental music) in the context of a music class. The findings indicate that muscle force can be explained by a small set of (six) statistically significant acoustic and movement features, the latter captured by a state-of-the-art (full-body inertial) motion capture system. However, no straightforward link to sound levels is evident.

On the Positive Impact of China’s Ancient Poetry and Art Songs on Vocal Music Education

Since introducing China’s ancient poetry and art songs into vocal music classes these years, the author has increasingly perceived their positive impact on vocal music education. The author is willing to record these feelings and share them with fellow educators. It is hoped that China’s ancient poetry and art songs will positively influence various fields and, on a broader scale, play an even more profound, positive and far-reaching role.

The role of inhibitory control in the development of musical abilities in children taking music classes

Introduction. Inhibitory control is one of the components of executive functions in children. Through the ability of inhibition, a child can control attention and stop his or her automatic reactions. The results of numerous studies demonstrate the relationship between inhibition and music lessons. However, the role of inhibition in the development of musical ability in children taking music lessons remains incompletely understood. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between inhibitory control and musical ability and the role of inhibition in teachers' assessment of musical ability in children taking music classes. Methods. The study involved 198 children aged from 64 to 108 months (M=79.28; SD=6.46), studying music in children's music and art schools in Moscow and Krasnodar. To test the level of development of cognitive inhibitory control we used the "Inhibition" subtest of the NEPSY-II complex. To test the level of physical inhibitory control, the "Statue" subtest of the same diagnostic complex was used. To assess children's musical abilities, teachers completed the questionnaire "Assessment of Children's Musical Abilities". Correlation analysis and linear regression were applied to process the obtained data. Results. The Spearman's correlation analysis revealed significant interrelations between inhibition and teachers' estimates of children's musical abilities such as sense of rhythm (r=0,200, p<0,01), pitch hearing (r=0,394; p<0,01), harmony sense (r=0,167; p<0,05) and emotional sensitivity (r=0,282; p<0,01). In addition, the results of regression analysis demonstrate a significant effect of the ability to inhibit spontaneous intentions and follow instructions on the assessments of musical ability. Conclusion. The conducted study confirmed that the children have better skills of response to meaningful tasks and rejection of insignificant ones, the higher teachers evaluate in such children the ability to identify melody's intonational and rhythmic characteristics, as well as the sensitivity to changes in its mood.

Student Attitudes and Teacher Strategies in the Aesthetic Education in Chinese Middle School Music Classes

This study aims to explore the current state of music education in Chinese middle schools within the context of aesthetic education. It focuses on middle school students attitudes toward aesthetic education and the challenges and strategies music teachers face when implementing aesthetic education in their classrooms. Through questionnaires and interviews with 13 music teachers and 1032 students from 7 middle schools in Guangdong Province, this research reveals that students generally have a positive attitude toward aesthetic education, considering it an essential part of their holistic development. However, the study also identifies multiple challenges teachers face in implementing aesthetic education, including varying interests and levels of understanding among students, curriculum design and textbook selection, and a lack of adequate teaching resources and support. In response to these challenges, teachers have adopted a series of strategies, such as innovating teaching methods, utilizing technological tools, and enhancing teacher-student interaction, to improve the effectiveness of aesthetic education. This study provides an empirical basis for improving the quality of music education in Chinese middle schools and offers suggestions on how music teachers can effectively implement aesthetic education.

Western Classical Learning and the Protestant Missionaries: Revival in China and Korea in the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries

It has been observed that since the Early Qing Dynasty, the eastward spread of Western classics has been in decline; this article aims to looks at how Protestant missionaries helped to revive it in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. First, this study examines the circumstances that Protestant missionaries faced upon arriving in China and describes the challenges, opportunities, and issues they encountered when attempting to spread Western classics as part of their missionary effort. Second, this article reveals the strategies Protestant missionaries employed to revive the Western classics, with a focus on the utilization of the translated literature, press, and academic institutions. Third, this article explores the ways the spread of Western classics by the missionaries of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century outshone the achievements of their predecessors of the late sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Unlike the missions through secular knowledge in China, the spread of Protestantism in Korea took place in a more direct manner. This comparative study in the last section highlights the importance of each country’s endowment in terms of the method and effectiveness of missionary efforts.

Exploring the Implementation Pathways of "Singing Game" Activities in Lower Primary Music Education

The "singing game" activity holds a significant place in lower primary music classes. Its introduction can change traditional didactic teaching methods. However, some novice teachers lack a thorough understanding of the pedagogical philosophy behind the "singing game" activity. This paper, from the perspective of embodied cognition theory, analyzes the essence of the "singing game" activity and its four key characteristics - movement, play, performance, and creativity. It also examines the current status of these activities and proposes more detailed teaching methods, including rhythmic movement, gaming, role-playing, and group activities.

Lived Experiences of Adult Caregiver “Nonmusicians” and “Nonsingers” in Early Childhood Music Classes

Many adults do not see themselves as musical, and about 17% believe they are tone deaf. People who identify as tone deaf often believe this condition is congenital and permanent and prevents them from ever singing accurately. In many early childhood music (ECM) classes, adults participate as musical models, interacting with their children by moving, chanting, vocalizing, and singing. Using phenomenological inquiry, we explored the lived experiences of six adult self-identified nonmusicians/nonsingers as they made music with their child over the course of a 10-week session of ECM. Participants reported changes in their thinking about what makes someone a musician, evolving feelings about their singing voices, and increased enjoyment of singing and willingness to sing. We conclude with implications for ECM teachers and other music educators working with adults who see themselves as unmusical.

The Review of Thematic Analyses and Trends in the Study of Russian Classical Music in Chinese Academic Publications

Abstract. This work presents a comprehensive review and analysis of Chinese scientifi c publications on Russian classical music, included in the databases of China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data, and VIP Information, utilising the latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) thematic analysis and CiteSpace knowledge analysis methods. The study is dedicated to identifying research priorities and trends among Chinese scholars in the fi eld of Russian classical music, providing a systematic overview of the current state of research in this area. Through the analysis of resources such as scientifi c articles, dissertations, and materials from scientifi c conferences, the article extensively examines in-depth studies on the lives of outstanding Russian composers and their compositions, analysis of their works within a theoretical framework, the cultural and historical background of music, as well as the current state of education and dissemination of Russian classical music in China. Furthermore, the article identifi es major trends in contemporary research, analyses the challenges they face, and proposes perspectives for further research based on the obtained results.

Exploring music learning needs of working-age individuals in Thailand

This quantitative study delves into the music learning needs of working-age individuals in Thailand, focusing on those aged 21 to 59 years outside the music profession. The research, conducted in October 2023, collected responses from 503 participants through an online structured questionnaire. The findings revealed that “As a hobby/for relaxation” emerged as the primary motivation for enrolling in music classes, among currently enrolled, previously enrolled, and prospective participants. Desired learning contexts revealed “Onsite learning” with a “Very High” mean score for current ( x− = 4.89) and past enrollees ( x− = 4.58), while those aspiring to enroll rated this and “Hybrid Learning” in a “High” level. “Private learning” earned a “High” rating across groups, and “Small group learning” received a “High” rating for prospective and past enrollees. Exploring learning styles, participants consistently rated items at a High Level, encompassing “Involvement in learning choices,” “Prioritizing adaptation over theory,” “Using metaphor,” “Visual learning,” “Auditory learning,” and “Kinesthetic learning.” Barriers to music learning, including “Time management” and “Memory,” were notably high among past enrollees. These insights offer valuable guidance for tailoring music activities or lessons to the specific needs of adult learners.

대학에서 실용음악음향 페다고지 수업의 팀 기반 동료교수법 적용 연구

The purpose of this study is to present an application case of the team-based peer teaching method in the four-year 'Practical Music Sound Pedagogy' class at K University in Korea. To this end, 17 students of this lecture opened in Department A in the first semester of 2023 were applied to team activities for 16 weeks by applying the peer teaching method. The researcher developed a team-based peer teaching-learning model with three steps and five lower steps of introduction, development, and conclusion so that the peer teaching method can be meaningfully performed and applied in the practical music pedagogical class. In addition, a weekly class plan was developed to enable team-centered self-directed and active teaching-learning through instructional planning and exploration, pedagogical team activities, mini-peer teaching activities, and extended peer teaching activities. In-depth interviews were conducted with a total of 9 students, consisting of 3 people per team, for peer teaching activities applied in the course of class. As a result, it was found that students' self-directed learning, academic attitude and achievement, and peer professor-learner interaction improved through the application of the team-based peer teaching method. This study will serve as basic data for attempting team-based peer teaching methods in related department major subjects.

UbD의 백워드 디자인을 적용한 예비교사 음악교육매체 교육과정 개발

The Ministry of Education has announced in the revised 2022 curriculum that classes should be designed and conducted using various media. This study aims developing a curriculum to cultivate the skills of pre-service teachers to design and deliver music lessons using various media. The curriculum was designed and the media type selected according to the three phases of UbD's Backward Design 2.0, which provides systematic steps and guidelines. In order to select an optimized application program media, the media was analyzed by taking into account the Bates’ ACTIONS in addition. In the first step, understanding and educational use of various media, including the latest technologies, were selected as goals of enduring understanding, and the educational goals were formulated by considering six aspects of understanding. In the second phase, performance task criteria were selected according to the GRASPS guidelines. In the third phase, the curriculum was designed by selecting learning contents and teaching plans considering WHERETO to achieve clear objectives and evaluation criteria. Based on this, a music education media curriculum for pre-service teachers was developed for a class consisting of 15 sessions, its validity was verified by a group of experts, and their opinions were accepted and reorganized. In this curriculum, pre-service teachers learn to design music classes by understanding and using various media, such as audiovisual media, metaverse and artificial intelligence media, and artificial intelligence-based composition media, etc. The results of the study suggest that the UbD's backward design provides a clear pedagogical direction of fostering pre-service teachers' media literacy through the immediate transformation of learning objectives and evaluation criteria, and is effective in learning design for understanding and practical use of media, and can select the appropriate media for the designed educational plan. It is hoped that the curriculum developed in this study will help develop the media literacy skills of pre-service teachers and advance music education.

인공지능 마젠타스튜디오(Magenta Studio)를 활용한 중등 블렌디드 러닝 창작 음악 교수학습 방안

Objectives The purposes of this study is a music class for middle school students using magenta, and artificial in-telligence(AI) creation program.
 Methods To this end, the structure, operating principles, and usage method of the Magenta were introduced. Next, a model for teaching Magenta online and offline was presented by applying blended learning teaching- learning.
 Results Using artificial intelligence in creative music classes can raise the level of musical output. Teachers and students can discover musicality by interacting online and offline.
 Conclusions This study can overcome limitations that my arise in the implementation of music creation classes. Also, using artificial intelligence can be effective difficult to use real instruments in the situation.

Cortical Sources and Autonomic Nervous System Response of Listening to North Indian Classical Music (P11-1.008)

Cortical Sources and Autonomic Nervous System Response of Listening to North Indian Classical Music (P11-1.008)

Music Tone Synthesis based Anti-Interference Dynamic Integral Neural Network optimized with Artificial Hummingbird Optimization Algorithm

Music Tone Synthesis is an applied science or method that implies to identify and study of specific orchestral tone currently part of a music. It is especially effective in the area of oral music training system classes, somewhere be able to support in the practice and growth of musicians. Music Tone Synthesis provides singer and writer to produce large number of noises as well as imitate several tools and impact it cannot be flexible otherwise realistic for create over standard classical instrument. In this manuscript, Music Tone Synthesis based Anti-Interference Dynamic Integral Neural Network enhanced with artificial hummingbird Optimization algorithm (MTS-AIDINN-AHOA) is proposed. The input data are obtained from the audio signal. Then the data are pre-processing using Stein Particle Filtering (SPF) to remove the noise. The pre-processed data is given into the Two-sided Offset Quaternion Linear Canonical transform (TSOQLCT) for extracting the musical features such as melody, harmony, tempo, and dynamics. After this the extracted feature is provided to the Anti-Interference Dynamic Integral Neural Network (AIDINN) is used for the music tone synthesis and it is classified as pitch, chronaxie, volume, tone color. In general, the Anti-Interference Dynamic Integral Neural Network (AIDINN) does no express adapting optimization strategies to determine ideal parameters to assure precise prediction. Thus, it is proposed to utilize the Artificial Hummingbird Optimization Algorithm enhancement AIDINN for Music Tone Synthesis. The proposed MTS-AIDINN-AHOA method is implemented on MATLAB. Then performance of proposed technique is evaluated to other existing techniques. The proposed technique attains 26.36%, 20.69% and 35.29% higher accuracy, 19.23%, 23.56%, and 33.96% higher precision, 26.28%, 31.26%, and 19.66%higher recall, 28.96%, 33.21% and 23.89%higher specificity comparing with the existing methods such as a research on Musical Tone Recognition Method Based on Improved RNN for Vocal Music Teaching Network Courses (MTS-RNN), Music Timbre Extracted from Audio Signal Features (MTS-BPNN)and Feature Extraction and Categorization of Music Content Based on Deep Learning(MTS-SMNN) respectively.

Music Composition Based on Creative Problem Solving: Effects on Students’ Perceptions of Creativity and Learning Music

Abstract Music composition has been shown to provide numerous benefits to students. However, composition has generally been considered a less important area in daily music classes than other musical activities. More research is needed to investigate specific teaching strategies for composition. This study aimed to compare the impact of music composition based on the creative problem solving (CPS) approach to traditional music composition on perceptions of students’ creativity competency, interest in and value of music as a subject, and perceived self-efficacy in learning music. A nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design was used, where the experimental group took music composition classes for 7 weeks based on the CPS framework. The study's results showed no difference regarding interest in music as a subject between students taking CPS-based composition classes and students taking traditional composition classes. However, students in the CPS-based music composition classes showed higher perceived value of music as a subject and self-efficacy in learning music than those in traditional composition classes. Finally, students in the CPS-based music composition classes showed heightened perceived higher-order thinking and problem-solving compared to those in traditional music composition classes, but no difference was found between the two groups in terms of perceived divergent thinking.