Classic Textbook Research Articles

Classic literature and textbooks in perfusion, how they continue to influence

Classic literature and textbooks in perfusion, how they continue to influence

DETERMINANTS OF OUTCOME OF AYURVEDA STUDIES AND ANUBANDHA CHATUSHTAYA - A REVIEW

Anubandha Chatushtaya is an essential part of any writing. It is about the four factors, which were considered while making a scripture for an expected outcome. It is supposed that these factors first appeared with this terminology in Vedanta textbooks. The theme of a treatise, its objective, the target audience, and their interrelationships, are the four determinants of writing/outcome of literature. According to Vedanta, a competent learner learned from qualified teachers with the help of authentic treatises in a good manner and reaches the goal, of liberation (Moksha). Likewise in Ayurveda, a capable student well versed with authentic knowledge of Ayurveda and skilled through experience will become a qualified Physician. The real science is safe in the hands of such expert Physicians. From the very first chapter of Charaka Samhita itself, it emphasised the need of maintaining real physicians as well as avoiding quacks and little learned. It is to preserve the value of science and real practice. Some of the Ayurveda classical textbooks have descriptions of the factors of Anubandha Chatushtaya. But the term Anubandha Chatushtaya is not used for these factors. Therefore, we explored ancient Ayurveda literature for the descriptions regarding factors of Anubandha Chatushtaya. The descriptions of the qualities of students, teachers, textbooks, the learning methods, and the definition and utility of Ayurveda are some of them we found. Moreover, we found that these factors with utmost perfection are necessary for the prosperity of Ayurveda.

A critical appraisal on the role of Agni in Amlapitta

Background: Ayurveda is a peculiar domain of medical science which has its remedies for different ailments; either in the form of dietary modifications, lifestyle alterations or treatment modalities. In modern era, due to over inclination towards materialistic life, people often tend to compromise on their lifestyle, which indeed leads to depletion in health causing several ailments. Such compromises in life style and food habits will lead to the manifestation of diseases mainly of Annavaha Srotas. Such a commonly encountered disease is Amlapitta. Along with Tridosha, another entity i.e., Agni also plays an important role in the manifestation of the same. Hence, it is worth a discussion to explore the role of Agni in the development of Amlapitta. Materials and Methods: Extensive literary research was conducted inclusive of electronic databases such as Pubmed, Pubmed central, index medicus And index in Services like Elsevier, Scopus, Embase etc along with classical textbooks of Ayurveda. Discussion: Amlapitta is such a frequently encountered pathological manifestation of Annavaha Srotas which is explained in Ayurveda classics; wherein the Shuktata of Pitta Dosha gets elevated. Agni is an important factor which is responsible for proper occurrence of metabolism, which is utmost important for a disease free life. Conclusion: An effort is made in this paper to emphasize the role of Agni in Amlapitta, which can decide the fate of treatment planned and the rationality behind it.

On bivariate fractional calculus with general univariate analytic kernels

We introduce a general bivariate fractional calculus, defined using a kernel based on an arbitrary univariate analytic function with an appropriate bivariate substitution. Various properties of the introduced general operators are established, including a series formula, function space mappings, and Fourier and Laplace transforms. A major result of this paper is a fractional Leibniz rule for the new operators, the derivation of which involves correcting a minor error in one of the classic textbooks on fractional calculus. We also solve some fractional differential equations using transform methods, revealing an interesting connection between bivariate type Mittag-Leffler functions.

C.N.S. Protective Drugs: An Overview

Although regulatory authorities presently authorize extremely few drugs for dealing with multifactorial conditions and conditions of cognition such as Alzheimer's, specific plant-derived agents, consisting of, for instance, galantamine and rivastigmine (a semi-synthetic derivative of physostigmine) finding an application in contemporary medicine. However, in Ayurveda, the Indian traditional system of medicine which is more than 5000 years of ages, selected plants have long been categorized as 'Medhyarasayanas,' from the Sanskrit words 'Medhya,' indicating intellect or cognition, and 'Rasayana,' implying 'rejuvenation.' These plants are utilized both in natural and traditional medicine and offer advantages that pharmaceutical drugs do not have. The article is an attempt to examine the most critical medical plants, consisting of Vacha (Acorus calamus), Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera), Vidhara (Argyreia Nervosa), Shankhapushpi (Convolvulus prostratus), Shatavari (Asparagus racemosus), Mandukaparni (Centella Asiatica), Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri), Jyotishmati (Celastrus paniculatus) which are extensively used for their reputed effectiveness in C.N.S. conditions. This paper’s main aim is to explore C.N.S. Protective drugs or Medhya Rasayana mentioned in Ayurvedic classical textbooks concerning modern science mode of actions and to study the mechanism of the C.N.S. protective drugs. The source for this study is collected from classical Ayurvedic books and commentaries, modern medical science textbooks, and different articles from Pubmed, D.H.A.R.A., Google Scholar, etc. Various Medhya Rasayana mentioned in Ayurvedic texts have potent qualities to enhance memory and relieve medical illnesses related to C.N.S., whether it is related to mental or sensory problems. So, various safe and natural remedies are available in Ayurveda; long-term or short-term mental health can be recovered without any life-threatening complication.

Fluorescence and Phosphorescence Spectroscopies and Their Applications in Gem Characterization

Fluorescence and phosphorescence are listed as mineral optical–physical properties in classical gemology textbooks. The trace elements which exist in gems, certain defects in the crystal lattice, and some luminous molecules contribute to luminescence phenomena in gem materials, including fluorescence and phosphorescence. A systematic luminescence study using an excitation-emission matrix (EEM) not only provides detailed information about the emission and excitation peaks, but also indicates the presence of specific trace elements, lattice defects, or luminous substances in gem materials. This provides reliable evidence for the characterization of gems. In this review paper, we briefly summarize luminescence spectroscopy and illustrate its applications in gem materials in our laboratory, including diamonds, fluorite, jadeite jade, hauyne, and amber. Meanwhile, this project is in process and needs more samples from reliable sources to confirm the described data.

Evaluation of Siddha Compound Formulation Mahathoothulai chooranam in Combating Respiratory Illness: A Narrative Review

Siddha medicine is an ancient Indian medical system originated in South India. The holistic approach of the Siddha system finds cure for many ailments and also guides to a perfect living right from conception to death. The ‘S’ in the acronym AYUSH represents Siddha. The Siddha multiherbal formulation Mahathuthulathi chooranam, found in the classical text book Koshayi Anuboga Vaithiya Bramma Ragasiyam - part 2, is indicated for Aiyam (Phlegm) predominant diseases. The review seeks to establish the documented literature on the therapeutic efficacy of the Mahathuthulai chooranam in respiratory illness through a critical review. It was carried out by searching Siddha classic texts from the library of Siddha Central Research Institute, electronic search engines, databases such as Google scholar, Pub Med Central, NLM, Mendeley, Embase, Science Direct etc. The results of the review suggest that the drug can be a part of the comprehensive treatment of adverse respiratory illnesses in addition to prevention of complications in vulnerable risk patients. The drug is substantiated to be a safe and efficacious drug in treating acute respiratory illnesses through supporting evidences. A robust clinical trial is essential to evaluate the clinical outcomes to prove the drug’s efficiency.

TEXTBOOK AS A MEANS OF IMPROVING LEARNING PROCESS

The article discusses the role of textbook in the study of a foreign language, particularly English. The main advantages and disadvantages of the classical textbook are studied in a very logical consequence. The article proves that methodologically expedient use of proper material can undoubtedly ensure the effectiveness of the learning process. Repetitive assignments and systematization of the information in the textbook allow intensifying the learning process monitoring the effectiveness of the learning progress enhancing a learner’s skills motivating practical use of the manual. The article confirms that the textbook is for both learners and teachers as a source of information, reference manual, means of mastering skills correspondingly. It is viewed as a sample of organizational work, well-proportioned content and structure of the educational material. The main emphasis of the textbook is teaching the students practical use of theoretical knowledge while realizing all the steps necessary to solve the corresponding problem. It encourages creative thinking and problem-solving activities.
 The article brings forward the necessity of using proper manual, including stages in the structure of the lesson, as nowadays in the conditions of hybrid classes it is becoming more relevant than ever before to have a very suitable textbook for learners.

PHARMACOGNOSTIC AND PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF GAMBHARI FRUIT (GMELINA ARBOREA ROXB.): A REVIEW

Gmelina arborea Roxb. is one of the famous medicinal plants of the family Lamiaceae, which different Ayurvedic physicians widely prescribed as a drug of choice for treating many diseases. This drug is commonly named “Kashmarya” and is one of the popular medicinal plants mentioned in all classical textbooks of Ayurveda. It is also known as “Gambhari” because of its fast-growing property, and it is a widely propagated and cultivated tree that grows throughout India. In the Dashamoola groups of herbs, Gambhari (Gmelina arborea Roxb) is one of the components. In Ayurvedic classical textbooks, different plant parts, like roots, fruit, leaf, flower, and bark, can be used medicinally. The edible fruits of Gambhari bear rejuvenating, brain tonic and aphrodisiac qualities. The leaf of Gambhari has been mentioned in the diseases like vrana (wounds) and Kushtha (Skin diseases). The classical part of the plant Gambhari is the root. The present article provides insight into the literature review of the Gambhari fruit. The current manuscript compiles extensive information about Gambhari (Gmelina arborea Roxb.) fruit which is well-mentioned in most Ayurvedic classics textbooks like Brihatrayee, Laghutree and Nighantu.

Principles of Biostatistics

Principles of Biostatistics is a classic biostatistics textbook that I have enjoyed using to help teach students biostatistics previously, and I was excited to see that a new edition of the textbook has come out. As with previous editions, this book is best suited for a wide variety of students, including undergraduates, Master of Public Health Students, and professional students in health-related professions. As with previous editions, the text is understandable and covers the fundamentals of biostatistics, including additional topics such as survival analysis, which are not often covered in other texts. In this edition, they have added a full chapter on screening and diagnostic tests. These topics are of critical importance for medical and public health professionals. During my undergraduate statistics and medical education, these topics were often covered in epidemiology courses, but it also deserves its place as a topic of importance in biostatistics education. Many introductory epidemiology and medical texts describe these topics without using conditional probability notation and an advantage of this textbook over those texts is it uses the language and notation of conditional probability. Also appreciated is the addition of a chapter on study design. Again, this topic is often covered in epidemiology texts, but the addition helps this book be a stand-alone introduction to biostatistics for students who may not have taken a course in epidemiology. Other notable additions include more resources for sample size calculation, more detail on sampling theory, accompanying Stata and R code, and a glossary.

A comparative clinical study on the effect of Takra Basti and Erandamooladi Niruha Basti in the management of Grahani (IBS)

Background-Grahani roga described in classical text books of Ayurveda represents a group of disorders of digestive system caused by impairment of Agni. Grahani is such a disorder, where in its significance is emphasized by its inclusion among Ashta maha gadas. Aim & Objective- To evaluate the efficacy of Takra Basti and Erandamooladi Niruha Basti individually in each group in the management of Grahani. To compare the efficacy of Takra Basti and Erandamooladi Niruha Basti in the management of Grahani. Methodology- Patients were selected from college attached Hospital of NKJ AMC Bidar. Sample size -A total of 30 patients were selected GROUP A: 15 patients were treated with Takra Basti and Changeryadighrita Anuvasana Basti. GROUP B: 15 patients were treated with Erandamooladi Niruha Basti and Changeryadighrita Anuvasana Basti, Discussion &Conclusion-Among the types of Grahani, clinical features of vataja Grahani have at most similarities with the clinical features of irritable bowel syndrome. Diagnostic criteria of IBS i.e. Rome III criteria is same as the Pratyatmaka lakshanas of Grahani. Takra Basti is having more pratyagamana kala than Eradamooladi Niruha Basti. Both Takra Basti and Eradamooladi Niruha Basti Showed significant results in all the parameters. The efficacy of the treatment group A results was statistically significant of all parameters statistically even after follow up period compared to group B. Hence it can be concluded that IBS can be treated in Ayurveda under the treatment principles of Vataja Grahani.

Absence of the torcular, review of venous sinus anatomy, and the simplified dural sinus classification.

Classically, the torcular Herophili is described as the symmetric junction between the superior sagittal sinus (SSS), transverse sinuses (TSs), and straight sinus (SS). However, finding this pattern in practice is not standard. Anatomical variations are common, and different drainage patterns should be expected. Existing literature proposes highly detailed descriptions and classifications of this region. Still, a simplified and practical categorization is not available. We present an anatomical finding of the torcular Herophili discovered on a cadaveric dissection. Then, we conducted a retrospective study examining the 100 most recent cranial magnetic resonance venographies (MRVs) from the Mayo Clinic, labeling them with a new proposed dural sinus classification system. Images were initially classified by two authors and further validated by a board-certified neurosurgeon and a board-certified neuroradiologist from our institution. To measure consistency in image identification, two additional international neurosurgeons were asked to classify a subset of the same MRV images, and their answers were compared. Of the MRV cohort, 33 patients were male and 67 were female. Their ages ranged from 18 to 86years, with a mean of 47.35years and a median of 49years. Upon examination, 53 patients presented as confluent (53%), 9 as SSS divergent (9%), 25 as SS divergent (25%), 11 as circular (11%), and 2 as trifurcated (2%). The inter-rater reliability ranked very good; agreement between the two neurosurgeons was 83% (κ = 0.830, p < 0.0005). The confluence of the venous sinuses is a highly variable anatomical area that is rarely evaluated with neuroimaging before surgery. The classic textbook configuration is not the rule. Using a simplified classification system may increase awareness and hopefully patient safety by preparing the physician for anatomical variations that they will encounter in a surgical or clinical scenario.

(2946) Proposal to conserve the name Iris latifolia (Mill.) Voss (Iridaceae) against I. latifolia Heer (fossil Iridaceae)

(2946) Proposal to conserve the name <i>Iris latifolia</i> (Mill.) Voss (<i>Iridaceae</i>) against <i>I. latifolia</i> Heer (fossil <i>Iridaceae</i>)

A CRITICAL REVIEW ON VARIOUS SOURCES USED IN THE PREPARATION OF SARJIKA KSHARA

An important dosage form in Ayurveda is kshara kalpana. It is one among the anusastras or accessory instruments for treatment especially diseases which require chedana or excision, scraping or lekhana In Susruta samhita and other brhattrayees much details are given about collection of plants for kshara preparation, methods of preparation, properties of kshara . Moreover in Rasasastra classics also information is available regarding method of preparation, sources, indications, dose and types of various ksharas . Among the different types of kshara, here swarjika kshara which has synonyms sarjika kshara is taken into consideration regarding the difference in sources of origin in the classics . A detailed review regarding kshara, its preparation, information about sources of swarjika kshara was done by referring classical ayurvedic textbooks and many rasagranthas like Rasa Tarangini etc. Two main plant sources and one mineral source have been mentioned in Ayurveda classics. As no available standards are present regarding the source for market samples of sarjika kshara, a standardization is a needed to compare the two main plant sources Duralabha and Dhanvayaasa mentioned in ayurvedic classicals as sarjika kshara source.

ПРОБЛЕМЫ ГЕОМЕТРО-ГРАФИЧЕСКОЙ ПОДГОТОВКИ СТУДЕНТОВ ВУЗОВ

It is noted that geometric and graphical disciplines traditionally cause difficulties in studying elementary students. It is pointed out that the requirements for the quality of education and ensuring academic performance are mutually inverse and are in conflict with the limited number of teaching hours, which has been steadily declining for many years. Data are given on the number of hours allocated for the study of geometric and graphic disciplines in Russian universities. The main reasons for the problems of geometric and graphic training of students are listed. The first reason is an attempt to give knowledge and skills from three different sections - mathematics (descriptive geometry), computer science (computer graphics) and engineering (engineering graphics) in conditions of shortage of classroom hours. Provides information about the content of classical textbooks of descriptive geometry, engineering graphics. The second reason is the complexity of the development of spatial thinking. It is noted that information technologies that facilitate the understanding of images do not solve the problem of the development of spatial thinking. Information is given on the heterogeneity of students in terms of the psychophysiological features of spatial thinking in general and in terms of various types of mathematical thinking. The third reason is the poor initial preparation of students. Features and reasons are indicated. The main ways of increasing the motivation of students to study geometric and graphic disciplines are given. The fourth reason is the unpreparedness of students for independent work. Reasons are given. The main ways of increasing the efficiency of students' independent work are given. The shortcomings of automatic control in the form of testing and automatic verification of solutions of graphic tasks are considered in detail. The fifth reason is the difference in the requirements for geometric and graphic training for different educational areas, specialties and profiles. The presence in the geometric-graphical cycle of disciplines of an invariant (common for different specialties and training profiles) core and subject settings is noted. The sixth reason is the high requirements for lecturers of geometric and graphic disciplines. The problem of training lecturing staff of higher education in the field of geometric and graphic education is noted. Conclusions are made about the need to create a methodological training system that takes into account and solves these problems.

Half a century of evolutionary games: a synthesis of theory, application and future directions.

Half a century of evolutionary games: a synthesis of theory, application and future directions.

The classic textbook "Methodology of teaching Russian at secondary school" by A. V. Tekuchev

The article aims to identify specific features of the classic textbook for higher pedagogical educational institutions "Methodology of teaching Russian at secondary school" written by academician A. V. Tekuchev. The paper outlines the results of the analysis of the structure and content of the textbook. In addition, I examine a fragment of the generalised material concerning the addressed issue of tracing the history of the textbook on Russian teaching methodology. This material will be useful to improve courses in the theory and history of Russian language teaching methodology. Moreover, it can help Russian language teachers to develop the classical methodological ideas.

Role of Panchakarma in Non- Communicable Diseases

The global burden of non-communicable diseases is increasing rapidly, and adopting a healthy lifestyle is an important strategy to combat it. Ayurveda can play an essential role in this regard, as the main aim of Ayurveda is to prevent diseases by following a healthy lifestyle. However, to implement such traditional knowledge (that is based on a healthy lifestyle). Principles of Ayurveda) in actual practice, a systematic process should be followed. Ayurveda is a traditional system of medicine that applies holistic principles that primarily focus on personal health. Ayurveda originated in India and is one of the oldest healthcare traditions. Ayurveda is often known as the "science of life" because "Ayu" in Sanskrit means life, and "Veda" means science or knowledge. Vagbhatt's Ashtanga Haridyama, Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita (400 BC - 200 AD) and Ashtanga Hrudayam contain detailed descriptions of over 700 herbs and 6,000 sutras. This systematic process must involve serious research (i.e., development and evaluation). Ayurvedic-based lifestyle interventions) and behavioural change. This article explains the importance of Panchakarma therapies or procedures mentioned in Ayurvedic classical textbooks and their implementations to counter Non- Communicable Diseases. As a result, there is a greater goal to accomplish. Traditional knowledge of Ayurveda is found in actual practice that is useful for society. The aim is to explore and seek solutions or treatment options available in Ayurvedic classical texts for Non-Communicable diseases. The source for this study is collected from classical Ayurvedic books and commentaries, modern medical science textbooks and different articles from Pubmed, DHARA, GoogleScholar etc. Exploration of various Panchakarma procedures or therapies described in Ayurvedic classical texts helps us better understand pathologies of Non- Communicable diseases from their root causes and allow us to understand how potent Panchakarma therapies have a healthy influence to counter Non- Communicable diseases.

Reviewing the consistency of Dissociative Identity Disorder: a case report.

IntroductionWe present the case of a 22-year-old patient who has been followed up in a daytime hospital for personality disorders since June 2022. Of note is the presence of multiple personalities (in total of more than 20 have been identified), each of which has distinct physical and psychological characteristics.ObjectivesThe objective is to present a clinical case of dissociative identity disorder and to review the existence of scientific evidence supporting this diagnosis.MethodsLiterature review of scientific papers over the last years and classic textbooks on the issue. We included references in English and Spanish languages.ResultsNumerous studies support that dissociative disorders are the result of psychological traumas that generally begin in childhood. This is a difficult category to diagnose, since they present symptoms that also appear in other disorders such as those of the schizophrenic spectrum.One or more dissociative parts of the subject’s personality avoid the traumatic memories while others become fixed to these traumatic experiences and manifest symptoms. In the case of our patient, there are dissociative episodes with subsequent amnesia and auditory, visual and olfactory hallucinations, as well as impulsive behaviors in the form of self-injury and a flattened affect, with significant emotional distancing.Conclusions-The prevalence of dissociative identity disorder is higher than traditionally thought.-Some theories develop how trauma essentially produces a degree of dissociation of the psychobiological systems that constitute the subject’s personality.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

A REVIEW OF ADHIPATI MARMA

Background: The Adhipati Marma is Sandhi Marma and Sadyapranahara in nature; measurement is about half angula. There is a controversy about sandhi in the context of Adhipati Marma. The Sushruta School thought it was Asthi Sandhi, but the recent commentator of Sushruta Samhita, like Acharaya Dalhana and Ghanekar, considered it a Sira Sandhi. Aims and objective: To analyze the structural entity of Adhipati Marma. Material and methods: Classical textbooks of Ayurveda and contemporary science, journals, publications, articles, e-journals etc., related to Adhipati Marma. Discussion: The Adhipati Marma is situated in Shira Pradesha, which is Sandhi Marma. The posterior fontanelle or lambda is an anatomical landmark in the skull, which may be delayed in the closure and can cause hydrocephalus or congenital hypothyroidism. The Torcular Herophili, or confluence of sinuses, is a highly variable structure which constitutes a network of dural venous sinuses. Injury to Torcular Herophili or confluence of sinuses is infrequent, but sepsis, thrombosis and embolism may occur, which can be fatal. Conclusion: Due to controversies of Adhipati Marma, From Sushruta's point of view, Adhipati Marma can be compared as lambda or posterior fontanelle. At the same time, Acharya Dalhan and Ghanekar's point of view may be considered lambda or Torcular Herophili or confluence of sinuses.