Class Of Working Conditions Research Articles

Occupational health risk for women employed in industries with harmful working conditions

The preservation and strengthening of the health of the able-bodied population is the most important indicator of the socio-economic potential of the country.
 A modern working woman experiences the complex impact of adverse factors of the production environment and the labor process, which are potentially dangerous to health, contribute to the formation of production-related and occupational diseases.
 The study aims to analyze the occupational health risk of women employed in jobs with harmful working conditions at the processing plant of the mining and processing plant and the petrochemical complex of the Republic of Bashkortostan.
 Materials and methods. The authors studied the state of health by analyzing the occupational risk of female workers in contact with harmful production factors of a processing enterprise (407 people) and a petrochemical complex (473 people). The experts used clinical, functional, clinical and statistical research methods in their work and analyzed the levels and structure of chronic non-communicable diseases to determine the degree of industrial conditionality. The calculations were performed using the Microsoft Excel program.
 The combined effect of a complex of harmful production factors of the mining and processing plant (dust of polymetallic ores, chemicals, noise and severity of labor — class of working conditions 3.1) contributes to the development of chronic non-communicable diseases in female workers in 80.3±2.0% of cases, versus 54.6±4.4% of cases in the control group. A number of identified diseases have the character of production-related, while a very high degree of its conditionality is characteristic of diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (RR — relative risk = 4.3, EF — etiological proportion = 75%), a high degree was inherent in respiratory diseases (RR=3.1; EF=67.7%). Diseases of the circulatory system (RR=1.6, EF=37.5%) and diseases of the nervous system (RR=1.58, EF=36.7%) had an average degree of occupational 
 conditionality.
 In the workers of the main group of the petrochemical complex, chronic non–communicable diseases were diagnosed significantly more often than in the control, respectively — 84.0±1.7 and 67.0±3.5% of cases, p<0.01. The combined effect on the workers of the complex of chemicals in combination with the intensity of the labor process associated with the 3-shift nature of work (class of working conditions 3.1), was the cause of the industrial conditionality of diseases of the nervous system, circulatory system, blood, digestive organs of moderate degree.
 Female employees of the enterprises of the concentrating plant of the mining and processing plant and the petrochemical complex, engaged in work with harmful working conditions, represent a "risk group" for the occurrence of changes from various organs and systems, depending on the current etiological production factors. Based on the indicators of the degree of occupational conditionality of a number of diseases in female workers, mining and petrochemical complexes belong to industries with a high and medium occupational risk of health disorders.
 Ethics. The survey of female employees was conducted with their informed consent, approved by the bioethical committee of the Institute. The fundamental documents are: "Ethical principles of conducting scientific medical research with human participation" (amendments 2008) of the Helsinki Declaration, as well as "Rules of Clinical Practice in the Russian Federation" (approved by Order of the Ministry of Health dated 06/19/2003 No. 266).

Ensuring Safe Working Conditions under the Influence of Vibroacoustic Factors on Train Crew Workers

Introduction. The increased intensity of noise and vibration of railway traffic may become not only an urgent problem in the field of occupational safety, but also a serious environmental problem in the near future due to the constant need to increase the weight of freight trains, the speed of passenger trains and the capacity of railway lines. Recently, a lot has been done to minimize the negative effects of noise and vibration in railway transport. However, the problem of exceeding the indicators of vibration noise factors remains relevant. Reducing the harmful effects helps to improve the working conditions of train crew employees and improve the comfortable conditions of transport passengers. As a rule, the main focus of the analysis is on the external impact of vibroacoustic factors on residential areas and less attention is paid to the impact on rolling stock. However, these studies do not provide a complete picture of how noise and vibration actually affect the train in motion. The aim of the study was to obtain the result of an analysis of the impact of vibroacoustic factors on train crew workers and to propose a method of comprehensive protection based on the use of vibration damping materials.Materials and Methods. In the course of the work, regulatory documents were studied, a comprehensive analysis of relevant information on this topic was carried out, and methods for calculating vibration and vibration acceleration were used. The values of the sound pressure levels were obtained using a SPM-101 sound level meter. The object of the study was a carriage of the "reserved seat" type in the process of movement. As part of the research plan, sound pressure was measured at selected sites and a class of working conditions was determined.Results. The result of the analysis of the impact of vibroacoustic factors on train crew workers indicated the need to strengthen comprehensive measures to protect them. The obtained calculation of the vibration force became the basis of the method proposed by the authors to minimize the harmful effects of vibroacoustic factors, which was based on the use of vibration and sound insulation materials suitable for the necessary acoustic parameters in the construction of the car. In particular, it was proposed to cover the floor of the car with dense rubber and the ceiling of the car with an inorganic fiber material for sound insulation. The work also provides an economic assessment of the effectiveness of measures to minimize harmful vibration noise effects.Discussion and Conclusion. The proposed methods for minimizing noise and vibration impacts can help reduce the level of sound pressure and vibration indicators to standard values, which will significantly reduce the negative impact of vibroacoustic factors on train crew workers and railway passengers. The considered complex for minimizing vibration and noise includes a set of methods in which affordable materials based on recycled substances have found application.

Estimation of the morbidity of persons of an organized collective in the Subarctic belt

Introduction. Weather, climatic conditions, and technogenic pollution of the habitat can determine the characteristics of the response of the organism of various groups of the population. 
 Purpose — assessment of the morbidity of persons of an organized team in conditions of ecological trouble in the Subarctic climatic zone. 
 Materials and methods. The object of observation is the prevalence (including primary incidence) according to ICD-10 for 2016–2021 among military personnel serving under contract in Norilsk (n = 200). The observed male cohort was a newcomer population, engaged in mental work; the share of persons with work experience in the specialty in this climatic zone of 3–10 years was 80.0%. We compared the incidence rates of the observed group and the adult population of Norilsk. Assessed working conditions according to the intensity of the labour process. 
 Results. The working conditions are harmful, the class of working conditions is 3.3. In the subarctic zone, under anthropogenic load, the prevalence of diseases and primary morbidity in people of mental labour are 1.7 times and 24.0% higher than in the adult population of Norilsk; in the 6 leading classes (with the exception of injuries), the primary incidence exceeded that in the adult population of the Krasnoyarsk Territory by 1.9–10.8 times. In the long-term trend, the prevalence and incidence increased with absolute values, respectively, by 63.8‰ and 57.5‰, deviations from the base value of 1.7% and 6.1% per year. 
 Research limitation. Male persons from among the alien population engaged in mental work in an organized team in a dysfunctional environment.
 Conclusion. To prevent the morbidity of the population in adverse living conditions, it is necessary not only to assess the weather and environmental troubles to develop preventive measures to reduce the anthropogenic load, prevent cold risk, but also to analyze the incidence in the management of labor in a particular production.

The study of professional burnout in knowledge workers, taking into account gender and age characteristics

Introduction. Maladaptive mental states pose a threat both to the personal health of the employee and to the stability of the organization. Mental health workers often have states of depression, mental and chronic fatigue, occupational stress and emotional burnout. At the same time, burnout is one of the most dangerous conditions, especially at the beginning of its development — the employee, as a rule, is not aware of its symptoms. It is important to identify such manifestations in time and properly organize the employee support system. It is necessary to determine the factors contributing to the development of emotional burnout syndrome in various age and gender professional groups, taking into account individual psychological characteristics.
 The study aims to research burnout and its predictors in knowledge workers, taking into account their gender and age characteristics and the class of working conditions according to the intensity of the labor process.
 Materials and methods. The authors conducted an online study of maladaptive mental states and working conditions of knowledge workers in terms of the intensity of the labor process, including a set of hygienic and psychological methods.
 The study involved 468 employees aged 20-59 years: 133 men (42.1±9.7 years) and 335 women (39.3±8.7 years). The researchers conducted a hygienic assessment of labor stress factors according to the Manual R 2.2.2006-05. The authors used: "degree of chronic fatigue", questionnaire for evaluation of acute mental fatigue, labor stress questionnaire; Maslach burnout questionnaire with subsequent calculation of integral index of burnout according to Bekhterev Scientific Research Institute formula; Beck depression scale. The experts compared the studied indicators depending on gender, age group, class of working conditions according to the intensity of the labor process and calculated a linear regression model for the indicator "integral index of emotional burnout".
 Results. There are 13 professional groups of knowledge workers with different classes of working conditions depending on the intensity of the labor process, for which there are leading labor stressors. The authors revealed statistically significant differences in the studied indicators depending on gender, age group and class of working conditions in terms of the intensity of the labor process, they also identified significant predictors for the indicator "integral index of emotional burnout": age (β=–0.160, p=0.013), acute mental fatigue (β=0.432, p=0.000), depression (β=0.403, p=0.000), second (β=0.343, p=0.020) and third (β=0.432, p=0.000) in terms of stressors (adjusted R2=0.698).
 Conclusion. Ensuring the longevity of knowledge workers should be based on the preservation of their psycho-emotional health, which requires a special approach to the prevention of maladaptive mental states. When developing preventive measures, it is necessary to take into account, first of all, the age characteristics of the employee and the class of working conditions according to the intensity of the labor process, estimated according to the Manual P 2.2.2006-05, as well as the gender of the employee, the level of depression and mental fatigue, leading labor stressors. In order to prevent burnout, it is necessary to focus more on situational and organizational factors than on individual ones.
 Ethics. The authors have conducted the study in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration and approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health, Protocol No. 4 of 04/14/2021.

On the Choice of Personal Protective Equipment Taking into Account the Occupational Risk

The article contains recommendations on modernization of the methodology of provision of personal protective equipment based on a risk-based approach in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The experience of providing personal protective equipment using the United States as examples is presented. The Russian experience in providing PPE is analyzed and typical features of their issuance are highlighted. The procedure for providing PPE is given, taking into account the assessment of occupational risk. An algorithm for providing PPE according to the new nomenclature is proposed, taking into account various factors of the working environment and classes of working conditions. An algorithm for selecting personal protective equipment has been developed. The procedure for providing PPE is outlined when employers develop local acts on PPE at their discretion in accordance with the labor legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan. A model is described that is based on the assessment of occupational risks and offers numerous possibilities to take into account the interests of the state, the employer and the employees. The results of scientific researches received during the scientific and technical program on a theme: «Risk-oriented organizational-economic mechanisms of ensuring of safe labor in conditions of modern Kazakhstan» (IRN OR11865833) within the limits of program target financing of researches of the Republican research institute for occupational safety and health under MLSPP of the Republic of Kazakhstan have been presented.

Working conditions of medical workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020–2021 in Novosibirsk

Introduction. The high risk of infection of healthcare workers dictates the need to study their working conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic.
 The study aims to research the working conditions of medical workers during the COVID–19 pandemic in multidisciplinary medical and preventive organizations.
 Materials and methods. Analysis of working conditions of medical workers of medical and preventive organizations. The study design is a closed population (four medical institutions were randomly selected), a target group (doctors and nurses). The authors analyzed the staffing table and 16 reports on a special assessment of working conditions at 1,251 workplaces (1,845 medical workers, of which 787 doctors, 1,058 nurses). Statistical analysis included: standard methods of descriptive statistics, determination of relationships by logistic regression (odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (OR CI)). p<0.05 was taken as the critical level of significance.
 Results. The largest number of ill medical workers provided assistance to patients without signs of COVID-19 both in hospitals (86.06% of doctors, 85.85% of nurses) and in outpatient polyclinic treatment and prevention organizations (90.31% of doctors, 92.05% of nurses). The probability of getting sick COVID-19 was maximum in an infectious diseases hospital (compared with emergency departments OR 2.049; 95% OR CI 1.194–4.608 and diagnostic and treatment units of medical institutions OR 3,057; 95% OR CI 1,876–4,98). The workplaces of medical workers who have undergone COVID-19 in infectious diseases hospitals and specialized teams are classified as harmful class 1–3 degrees, and workers are classified as high occupational risk groups according to SARS-CoV-2. The probability of getting sick with COVID-19 is significantly higher when in contact with pathogens of infectious diseases (class of working conditions 3.3 compared to 3.1 or 3.2).
 Conclusion. The workplaces of medical workers who have undergone COVID-19 in infectious diseases hospitals and specialized brigades are classified as harmful class of the first to third degree, and workers are classified as high occupational risk groups for COVID–19.
 Ethics. Scientists have conducted the study in compliance with the Ethical principles set out in the Helsinki Declaration of 1975 with amendments of 1983 and obtaining the informed consent of patients.

The method of assessing occupational risk based on the materials of a special assessment of working conditions

Occupational risk assessment is one of the necessary procedures of the occupational health and safety management system. The purpose of the research is to develop a method for assessing occupational risk adapted to the procedure for assessing working conditions and the implementation of the proposed method in the management of occupational health and safety of the enterprise. The article proposes a method for assessing occupational risk, which includes compilation of a list of risk-forming factors influencing working conditions; determination of probability and damage weighting coefficients in accordance with the classes of working conditions; calculation of occupational risk in the workplace; distribution of assessment results by significance based on the risk ranking scale and development of appropriate measures to reduce the impact of risk in the workplace. The result of the research is to develop an accessible and practical-oriented method for determining occupational risk based on data from a special assessment of working conditions, which are mandatory reporting documents and characterise the actual state of working conditions at the enterprise.

ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ ОЦЕНКИ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНЫХ РИСКОВ РАБОТНИКОВ ОБЪЕКТОВ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ АТОМНОЙ ЭНЕРГИИ

Purpose: Substantiate the indicators of occupational risks of employees of nuclear energy use facilities. Material and methods: In order to methodologically substantiate the indicators of professional risk assessment, data from literary sources and normative and methodological documentation were used. Results: It is established that the existing system of professional risk assessment in the nuclear industry needs to be improved. The currently used results of a special assessment of working conditions for harmfulness and danger should be supplemented with the results of a special assessment of working conditions for the radiation factor, taking into account the category of potential radiation hazard of the object. When choosing biomedical indicators of occupational risks, the data of periodic medical examinations and mandatory psychophysiological examinations should be taken into account first of all. At the same time, the health status of the employee should be assessed not only by the presence/absence of nosological forms of diseases, but also by prenosological criteria. It is proposed to use as such indicators the level of psychophysiological adaptation of an employee and his cytogenetic status, estimated according to the buccal micronucleus test of the frequency of occurrence of cells with pronounced genome damage (chromosomal aberrations, micronuclei, nuclear protrusions). Conclusion: A conceptual model of indicators of occupational risks of employees is proposed, which includes: 1) class of working conditions according to the harmfulness and danger according to the results of the special assessment of working conditions; 2) class of working conditions according to the effects of IR according to the results of the Special assessment of working conditions; 3) category of radiation hazard of the object; 4) health group according to the results of periodic medical examinations; 5) class of prenosological condition according to the results of periodic psychophysiological examinations. The scientific novelty of the proposed model lies in its complexity and taking into account the early signs of an employee’s health condition, which makes it possible to increase the effectiveness of professional risk assessment and management.

Hygienic assessment of priority factors of labor conditions in modern medical organizations

Currently, one of the main tasks of the state and society is to preserve and strengthen the health of the able-bodied population. Employees of medical organizations are exposed to the combined effects of a significant number of harmful occupational factors. In particular, factors of the production environment include biological, chemical and physical, factors of the labor process — tension and severity. Therefore, the study of working conditions of medical personnel is a priority in occupational hygiene. The purpose of the study is to identify the priority production-related and occupational pathology in a medical organization. The object of the study was 1443 maps of special assessment of working conditions, the results of laboratory and instrumental studies of microclimate parameters, lighting (5398 measurements in 60 rooms), air samples for the content of microorganisms (727 samples). According to studies of the conditions and nature of work at the workplaces of medical workers in the studied medical organizations, according to the results of a special assessment of working conditions and their own research, they corresponded to the harmful class 1–3 and for cancer hospital workers of the 4th degree. The level of maximum microbial load in the resident and nursing rooms increased by the middle of the work shift and remained high until the end of the working day. Since the air velocity in the studied rooms was at a very low level, this criterion may be a risk factor for aggravating the course of general somatic pathologies and, as a consequence, the development of production-related morbidity among medical workers. It can also be noted that in 100 % of cases, fungi were detected, with this number decreasing by the end of the working shift, representatives of the genus Staphylococcus, on the contrary, tended to increase from the beginning of the worker to its end. The conditions and nature of the work of medical workers in the studied medical organizations, according to the results of a special assessment of working conditions, corresponded to a harmful class of 1–4 degrees. The 4th degree of the 3rd class of working conditions was due to the work of staff with cytostatic drugs. The microclimatic parameters corresponded to hygienic standards (at low air speeds). In 100 % of cases, fungi and representatives of the genus Staphylococcus were found in all air samples. A detailed study of the species identification of micromycetes in the indoor air showed that the number of micromycetes of the genus Penicillium and Aspergillus significantly exceeded the number of other species.

A method for predicting the development of stroke in men working under the influence of local vibration

Introduction. The problem of studying the development of stroke in men of working age working in conditions of high occupational risk remains relevant. The study aims to develop a method for predicting the development of stroke in men working under the influence of local vibration. Materials and methods. The survey included 136 men aged 30 to 65 years who have worked for 5 or more years in professions: mechanical assembly fitter, installer, grinder, miller, riveter, sharpener, moulder (class of working conditions - 3.1). We divided the study participants into two groups: the first group - 72 men with stroke, the second group - 64 men who had no history of stroke. The subjects of both groups were comparable in professional composition, age and work experience. Using the method of sequential inclusion of the studied stroke risk factors (Forward Stepwise), the researchers have identified those risk factors that have made a significant contribution to the possible development of stroke. Results. Based on multifactorial analysis, the authors have derived a logistic regression formula that determines the probability of stroke in patients working under the influence of local vibration. The formula included significant factors that significantly contribute to the development of stroke: the patient's diagnosis of "arterial hypertension of the third degre" (β-coefficient=2.7, p=0.001), the absence of taking antihypertensive drugs (β-coefficient=1.3, p=0.01). To determine the probability of stroke, we determine the value of these two parameters and substitute them into the formula for calculating the value of p(X). A value of p(X) exceeding 0.8 indicates a high risk of stroke in men working under the influence of local vibration. The sensitivity of the proposed method was 72.2%, the specificity was 75.0%. Limitations. The authors excluded from this study: female sex, age less than 30 and more than 65 years, diagnosis of "transient cerebrovascular accident", work experience of less than 5 years, the presence of acute infectious diseases. Conclusion. The authors have revealed the prognostic value of a combination of individual risk factors for stroke in people working under the influence of local vibration (the presence of a diagnosis of "arterial hypertension of the third degree" in the patient, the absence of taking antihypertensive drugs). The multifactorial model is informative for the individual prediction of stroke in men when exposed to industrial local vibration. Ethics. The researchers conducted the study in compliance with the "Ethical Principles of Conducting Scientific medical research with human participation" and "Rules of Clinical Practice in the Russian Federation", approved by Order of the Ministry of Health, Russian Federation, No. 266 dated 19.06.2003; approved by the Local Ethics Committee at the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of the Ministry of Health, Russian Federation (minutes of the meeting No. 65 dated 27.05.2014).

CLINICAL AND HYGIENIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE INFLUENCE OF HARMFUL FACTORS IN THE WORK OF A DOCTOR SPECIALTY "DENTISTRY"

Introduction. Dental care is one of the most requested medical services, and improving the quality of its provision is one of priorities for health care. The work of dentists is often associated with the exposure to a number of adverse factors, including visual and emotional stress, forced work, improper lighting, contact with allergens and toxic substances, noise, vibration, laser, ultraviolet, X-ray irradiation, infections. Prolonged exposure to occupational adverse factors can result in a number of occupational disease. The purpose of this study is to conduct a comprehensive clinical and hygienic assessment of working conditions of dentists. Materials and methods. The objects of the study were working conditions at 148 workplaces of dentists aged from 25 to 63 years (a total of 148 people) in dental offices in the state-funded and private settings in the Transcarpathian region. The study is base on legislative framework including the Law of Ukraine "On Sanitation and epidemic welfare of the population" and sanitary norms and rules "Hygienic classification of labour by indicators of harmful and dangerous factors of the working environment, severity and intensity of the labour process" that are underpinned by the principle of differentiation of assessments of working conditions taking into account their possible harmful effects on the health of healthcare professionals.
 Results. The study has demonstrated that the microclimate, noise, local vibration, ultrasound, and infrasound findings were in full compliance with sanitary norms and rules "Hygienic classification of work on the indicators of harmfulness and danger of factors of the working environment, severity and intensity of the work process"; illumination values were below the standards, while air pollution was higher than normal. The levels of total artificial light generated by fluorescent lamps were insufficient (280 ± 2.4 lux) and did not reach the reference values (at least 500 lux). Combined illuminance values (871.3 ± 3.9 lux) were also below standard values. The dust concentration in the air within the working area of dentists ranged from 0.03 to 4.68 mg/m3, while the r the maximum allowable concentration is of 4 mg/m3. Indicators of illumination and air pollution at the workplaces of dentists can be attributed to 3.1 class that corresponds to the harmful class of working conditions of the first degree. Conclusion. The comparative analysis carried out in accordance with existing legislations and medical standards has revealed that working conditions of dentists working at outpatient public and private settings can be assessed as harmful (3rd grade), I degree. Adverse working conditions and the health status of dentists indicate the urgent necessity in improving preventive measures in order to reduce potentially hazardous impact and create healthy working environment.

Comprehensive hygienic assessment of the environmental physical factors at the workplaces of medical workers

Introduction. Occupational health of medical workers is an intensively studied field of hygienic science. This is due to the high incidence of medical workers, which exceeds the average for sectors of the economy. The presented study uses a risk-based approach for a comprehensive assessment of the influence of physical factors on medical workers working with a large number of electronic medical equipment: physiotherapists, clinical laboratory diagnostics doctors, and ultrasound diagnostics doctors. Materials and methods. Studies of adverse factors of working environment factors were carried out in 4 medical institutions of the Altai Territory and the Novosibirsk Region. Based on the obtained results the values of health risk were calculated and a class of working conditions was established for all the studied jobs. Results. At the first stage, a hygienic assessment of working conditions at the workplaces of medical workers was conducted. The largest number of jobs did not meet sanitary standards for the following indicators: air temperature of the working area (55.6% of all jobs), artificial light (84.5%), light pulsation coefficient (46.7%), concentration of aero ions of negative polarity (57,8%), the coefficient of unipolarity (80%). In addition, a class of working conditions was established at each of the studied jobs (obtained in the range from 2 to 3.4). The estimated health risk of workers from exposure to gamma radiation varied from negligible to moderate. Limitations. Exposures to many of the physical factors in the workplace are approximate based on a typical work day for an employee by department and profession. Conclusion. An assessment of the harmful effects of physical factors at various workplaces in medical institutions heterogeneous for their purpose revealed similar violations in terms of microclimate parameters, illumination, air ion composition and electromagnetic fields from computer monitors, which is consistent with data obtained by previous researchers in this area. It seems necessary to implement a system of preventive measures for employees in medical organizations based on the concept of professional risk analysis with a review of the results each year, taking into account the worked experience.

Diagnostic significance of lipid profile indicators for assessing chemical workers’ cardiovascular risk

Introduction. The main cause of the able-bodied population’s death in the Russian Federation is cardiovascular diseases. It is known that one of the most important factors of cardiovascular risk is a violation of lipid metabolism, which is an indicator of atherogenesis processes activation. In this regard, it is relevant to study the lipid spectrum and its effect on the cardiovascular risk’s level for workers of various industries, who are exposed to a complex of harmful production factors. The study aims to investigate lipid metabolism and atherosclerotic processes in chemical production workers for the opportune implementation of therapeutic and preventive measures. Materials and methods of research. Comprehensive clinical and hygienic studies in the chemical industry have been carried out. Hygienic studies and assessment of working conditions of employees were accomplished using the current regulatory documents. Surveyed were divided into 3 groups: machine operators (I group), machinery repair locksmiths (II group), control and measuring devices’ locksmiths (CMD) (III group - comparison). To identify risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), a screening examination was conducted within the framework of periodic medical examinations of 3761 male workers, a study of the lipid spectrum in 846 workers. Employees with high and very high cardiovascular risk according to the SCORE system underwent in-depth medical examination using clinical laboratory, functional, ultrasound examination methods (179 people). The relative risk and etiological proportion were calculated in order to establish a causal relationship between the complex of harmful production factors and the formation of hypercholesterolemia. Results. The data of the conducted studies showed that the factors of cardiovascular risk in workers of I and II groups have harmful working conditions on the workplace (general class of working conditions 3.2), smoking, obesity, hypertension, which are more common in the group of machinery repairmen which was compared with workers of other professions. It was found that the average values of total cholesterol in blood serum, LDL cholesterol were higher in the examined I-II groups than III group. Analysis of the state of the cardiovascular system main indicators for workers of various professions obtained as a result of in-depth examination in a hospital revealed, that signs carotid arteries atherosclerotic changes were more often registered in workers of I-II groups. The revealed indicators of dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis increased in proportion to the length of service in harmful working conditions. Conclusion. The conducted research allowed to substantiate the algorithm of stage-by-stage examination, dynamic monitoring of the chemical production workers’ health’s state in order to detect atherosclerosis earlier and integrate therapeutic and preventive measures timely.

Enhancing Safety of the Electrical Personnel by Way of Professional Selection

The statistics of occupational injuries in the Russian Federation are analyzed. For 2019–2020 there was an increase in occupational injuries and fatal injuries. It was also revealed that among incidents at the workplace, electrical injuries are less common, but cases of electric shock most often result in high-severity injuries and fatal case. As a rule, electrical personnel suffer from electrical injuries. Professional selection of electrical personnel is proposed as one of the ways to reduce occupational injuries. Electrical personnel must have certain qualities (developed at the required level of thinking, attention, responsibility for the result of work, for their own and other people lives, communicative potential, moral standards, etc.) that allow employees to carry out their activities, which will contribute to improving occupational safety. Therefore, professional selection must consider the peculiarities of working with electrical installations. Occupational safety is also influenced by the tension of the labor process. In this regard, the fragments of the protocols on the indicators of the intensity of electrical personnel labor process, which were drawn up during the assessment of working conditions, were analyzed. It is noted that each profession related to electrical personnel differs in the class of working conditions according to the factors of labor process intensity at the workplace. Situations can also be observed when one profession at the different workplaces can have a different class of working conditions for the same indicators of labor process intensity. Based on the analysis of the protocols, it can be concluded that professional selection should consider the characteristics of the electrical personnel, as well as the classes of working conditions according to the indicators available in the protocols of the labor process intensity.

The risk of burnout syndrome in medical professionals under the impact of working conditions and psychological climate in the team

Objective to assess the risk of developing the burnout syndrome in medical workers under the influence of working conditions and psychological environment in the team.
 Material and methods. To evaluate the level of emotional burnout, 134 medical workers of medical institutions of the Saratov region were tested according to Viktor Boiko methodology, based on the study of the working environment and the labor process, as well as according to Fiedlers methodology of assessing the psychological climate in the team.
 Results. The study results testified the direct influence of the factors of the labor process that determine the class of working conditions on the risks of developing emotional burnout in medical workers. The 2.0 class of working conditions implies the risk of occupational burnout in 30.7% of doctors after five years of work. The 3.2 class of working conditions leads to burnout in 46.7% of doctors after five years of work.
 Discussion. The high degree of emotional burnout registered in medical workers in the course of this study was naturally determined by both the level of the class of working conditions and the level of the psychological tension in the team. The prognosis of burnout syndrome development in the teams with positive psychological climate is 20.0%, while in the teams with unfavourable psychological situation the risk of occupational burnout reaches 46.6%.
 Conclusion. The results obtained in the course of this study were used as the basis for the development of a method for predicting the risk of developing burnout syndrome in medical professionals.

Hygienic assessment of the influence of working conditions and the psychological situation in the team on the risk of emotional burnout in medical workers

The article presents the results of the risk of developing the burnout syndrome in medical workers, taking into account the influence of hygienic working conditions and the psychological situation in the team. 134 medical workers with working conditions class 2.0, 3.1, and 3.2 were under observation. The ratio of the working conditions of medical workers to the corresponding class was established according to the Manual 2.2006–05 «Hygienic assessment of factors of the working environment and the labor process. Criteria and classification of working conditions». The methodological basis for assessing the level of emotional burnout of a medical worker in a team was a questionnaire developed by V. V. Boyko; the psychological situation in the team was assessed using a questionnaire by A. F. Fiedler. The conducted studies found that with the class of working conditions of doctors at the level of 2.0, the risk of developing emotional burnout after five years of work is 30.7 %. At the level of the class of working conditions 3.2, after five years of work, the burnout among doctors will reach 46.7 %. Against the background of a favorable psychological situation in the team, the probability of developing an emotional burnout syndrome was 20.0 %, with an unfavorable one, it increased to 46.6 %. The results obtained in the course of this study were used as the basis for the development of a method for predicting the risk of developing burnout syndrome in medical professionals in the first five years of work with a sensitivity of 78 % and a specificity of 68 %.

Modern ultrasound methods for the diagnosing vibration disease

Introduction. According to the latest statistical data analysis, vibration disease (VD) remains the leading pathology in the structure of occupational morbidity in the Russian Federation. The main symptom of VD is peripheral angiodystonic syndrome, which develops as a result of peripheral vessels angiospasm of extremities, which is clinically manifested in the form of pain in hands, temperature decrease and pallor of the skin. Materials and methods. The article presents the results of an ultrasound assessment of the velocity and anatomical parameters of the main arteries of upper extremities in patients with stage 2 VD from exposure to general and local vibration. Results. According to the data of sanitary and hygienic characteristics, in all examined patients with stage 2 VD from exposure to general and local vibration, the class of working conditions was assessed as class 3 (harmful). In contrast, the excess in local vibration along the X, Y, Z axes ranged from 1 to 7 dBA. Ultrasound of the main arteries of upper extremities shows a decrease in the velocity parameters along the radial and ulnar arteries symmetrically, a significant increase in the tone of the wall of the forearm arteries. Discussion. One of the most critical problems in solving expert questions is assessing pathological process severity due to the lack of transparent and objective methods. Ultrasound research is the most affordable and safest method for evaluating the vascular system of upper extremities in stage 2 VD. It also significantly increases the objectification of expert decisions on the connection of this disease with occupation. Conclusion. VD II from the impact of general and local vibration is characterized by decreased pulse velocity on the ulnar and radial arteries symmetrically on both sides with a pronounced increase of peripheral resistance, indicating a severe angiospastic syndrome to generalized.

Гігієнічна оцінка умов праці працівників процесу механічної переробки відходів ПЕТФ-пляшки

Polymer processing belongs to the category of hazardous industries and requires a deep and comprehensive analysis of the production environment from a hygienic point of view in order to minimize the negative impact on human health and components of the biosphere. The purpose of the study. It is important to study a set of adverse factors that affect employees in the process of processing polymer waste, to establish the relationship with the development of general and occupational diseases. Results and discussion. It has been established that the working conditions of the process of processing polymer waste have a combined effect on the body caused by a set of adverse production factors of different actions. The main ones are: dust in the air of the working area with polymer dust with mixed and unstable composition over time, noise, cooling microclimate, difficulty of work. The excess of maximum permissible concentration for dust load on the body of workers in the process of mechanical processing of PPV is from 1.35 times to 1.74 times, at the workplaces of the baler and shredder and unloading-packing operator (working conditions class 3.1). Exceedance of the sound pressure level in the range from 2 dBA to 15 dBA was recorded at all workplaces (working conditions class 3.2). The parameters of the microclimate at all workplaces, except for the forklift operator, belong to the harmful class of working conditions 3.1. According to the severity of the labor process, the working conditions of employees vary from allowable 2 (operator of the technological process) to harmful 3.2 (baler and shredder operator). In terms of intensity, the working conditions of all employees belong to harmful class 3.2, due to the significant noise load, which prevents the capture and transmission of information between participants in the processing process, as well as timely receipt of audio signals from the process operator and equipment. Mostly working conditions of employees in the process of processing PPV mixtures belong to class 3.2, except for the forklift operator (class 3.4). As for the integrated assessment, according to the hygienic classification, working conditions of operators of unloading-packing, crushing, technological process and baler are evaluated according to class 3.2, and the truck operator - 3.4 according to state sanitary rules and regulations "Hygienic classification of labor according to the indicators of harmfulness and danger and the intensity of the labor process" (order of the Ministry of Health dated 08.04.2014 No.248,), which can lead to the development of work-related diseases

Hygienic Characteristics of the Acoustic Environment in the Mi-8 Helicopter Cabin

Introduction: The Mi-8 helicopter generates high-intensity broadband noises by its turboshaft engines whereas a comprehensive hygienic assessment of the acoustic environment in the helicopter cabin has not been conducted. The purpose of the study was to assess the acoustic environment in the Mi-8 helicopter cabin. Materials and methods: Acoustic measurements were carried out on the ground, inside the central cabin of the Mi-8 helicopter in three operating modes of the turboshaft engines: at startup, in the idle mode, and during cruise flight in the “right correction” mode. Measuring microphones were placed during the recording of the signal on a stand at the level of the human ear at six points located next to the reclining seats in the cabin. Acoustic indicators were measured using an SVAN-945A digital sound level meter and a GRAS 40AZ microphone. The collected data were processed in accordance with the requirements of sanitary and epidemiological rules, sanitary standards, and general tactical and technical requirements of the Air Force. Results: Values of regulated noise indicators at the seats of the Mi-8 helicopter crew, sound pressure levels of the most significant tonal frequencies in its central compartment were measured. To establish the presence of tonal noise, a one-third octave analysis of the recorded acoustic signals was carried out. In the central compartment of the helicopter, the values of the regulated infrasound indices and the general sound pressure level were measured in the entire regulated frequency range. Discussion: It was found that the sound pressure levels in almost all sound octaves and the equivalent sound level in all operating modes of the helicopter engines exceed the permissible exposure limits while in the infrasound region they are within the normal range (except for the frequency of 16 Hz). Thus, the class of working conditions by noise corresponds to hazard class 3.3, and by infrasound – to class 2. According to the sanitary regulations, helicopter crews should use noise suppressors to protect themselves from high noise exposures through air and bone conduction. Conclusion: The existing risks of developing a noise and infrasound-induced diseases necessitate constant monitoring of working conditions and health of the crews of Mi-8 helicopters.

Occupational risk and early signs of disadaptation in young traffic police officers working in a shift schedule

Introduction. In the course of their professional activities, traffic police inspectors of State Road Safety Inspectorate (SRSI) are exposed to harmful working conditions. The aim of study is to provide scientific justification for the periods of service of inspectors that are important for the diagnosis of early signs of professionally caused diseases. Materials and methods. The study was carried out in a group of traffic police inspectors of the traffic police in accordance with the ethical standards set forth in the Declaration of Helsinki, 1975 (with additions, 1983), a positive conclusion of the ethical committee. The age of the traffic police officers was 24-50 years old, the experience was 1-19 years (average values 34±0.46 and 8.21±0.40 years). Results. In the course of the study, a class of working conditions was determined-3.4. low-level traffic police officers showed signs of disadaptation, a high risk of morbidity with temporary disability and professionally caused pathology of the cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, nervous, endocrine, and digestive systems. Conclusions. It is advisable to conduct an in-depth preventive medical examination of inspectors after 1-2 years of service. The first 4 years of service are important for preventive measures.