ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ ОЦЕНКИ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНЫХ РИСКОВ РАБОТНИКОВ ОБЪЕКТОВ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ АТОМНОЙ ЭНЕРГИИ

Abstract

Purpose: Substantiate the indicators of occupational risks of employees of nuclear energy use facilities. Material and methods: In order to methodologically substantiate the indicators of professional risk assessment, data from literary sources and normative and methodological documentation were used. Results: It is established that the existing system of professional risk assessment in the nuclear industry needs to be improved. The currently used results of a special assessment of working conditions for harmfulness and danger should be supplemented with the results of a special assessment of working conditions for the radiation factor, taking into account the category of potential radiation hazard of the object. When choosing biomedical indicators of occupational risks, the data of periodic medical examinations and mandatory psychophysiological examinations should be taken into account first of all. At the same time, the health status of the employee should be assessed not only by the presence/absence of nosological forms of diseases, but also by prenosological criteria. It is proposed to use as such indicators the level of psychophysiological adaptation of an employee and his cytogenetic status, estimated according to the buccal micronucleus test of the frequency of occurrence of cells with pronounced genome damage (chromosomal aberrations, micronuclei, nuclear protrusions). Conclusion: A conceptual model of indicators of occupational risks of employees is proposed, which includes: 1) class of working conditions according to the harmfulness and danger according to the results of the special assessment of working conditions; 2) class of working conditions according to the effects of IR according to the results of the Special assessment of working conditions; 3) category of radiation hazard of the object; 4) health group according to the results of periodic medical examinations; 5) class of prenosological condition according to the results of periodic psychophysiological examinations. The scientific novelty of the proposed model lies in its complexity and taking into account the early signs of an employee’s health condition, which makes it possible to increase the effectiveness of professional risk assessment and management.