ГИГИЕНИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ СПЕЦИАЛЬНОЙ ОЦЕНКИ УСЛОВИЙ ТРУДА ПРИ РАБОТЕ С ИСТОЧНИКАМИ ИОНИЗИРУЮЩЕГО ИЗЛУЧЕНИЯ

Abstract

Purpose: Substantiation of hygienic approaches to assessing the working conditions of personnel when working with sources of ionizing radiation. Material and methods: The article considers one of the most important components of the complex of measures to solve the problem of ensuring radiation safety – conducting a special assessment of the working conditions (SAWC) of workers exposed to radiation from ionizing radiation sources (IRS) in the course of production activities. The issues of assessing occupational risks for workers in working conditions when working with IRS at nuclear energy use facilities are touched upon. Results: At present, the Procedure for conducting the SAWC is determined by Federal Law No. 426-FZ dated December 28, 2013 «On special assessment of working Conditions» and the Methodology for conducting a special assessment of working conditions (approved by the order of the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation dated November 14, 2016, No. 642n). The established procedure for carrying out the SAWC is based on the hygienic criteria for the classification of working conditions defined by the Guidelines P 2.2.2006-05 and P 2.6.5.07–2019. Working conditions when working with ionizing radiation sources, unlike the effects of other harmful production factors, are characterized by the presence of harmful production factors that do not exceed hygienic standards, and the degree of harmfulness of working conditions is determined not so much by the severity of threshold deterministic effects in workers when irradiating individual organs, but primarily by an increase in the risk of stochastic non-threshold effects. Conclusion: When conducting the SAWC of workers exposed to radiation from ionizing radiation sources in the course of production activities, it is necessary to take into account the following distinctive characteristics of the effects of ionizing radiation: – in contrast to the principles of classification of working conditions set out in P 2.2.755-99 and Federal Law No. 426-FZ, when working with IRS, harmful working conditions are characterized by the presence of production factors that do not exceed hygienic standards; – when working with ionizing radiation sources, the degree of harmfulness of working conditions is determined not only by the severity of the manifestation of threshold deterministic effects in workers, but mainly by an increase in the risk of stochastic threshold-free effects; – the correct conduct of the SAWC and assessment of working conditions according to the indicators of harmfulness and danger when working with IRS are a prerequisite for the quantitative assessment of the occupational risk of employees of the nuclear energy use facilities.