Class Action Research Articles

IMPROVEMENT OF PROSPECTIVE TEACHERS CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS THROUGH PROJECT-BASED LEARNING (PJBL)

To equip prospective mathematics teacher students in solving problems faced both in class and outside the classroom, one of the abilities that need to be improved is critical thinking skills. Critical thinking skill is a high-order thinking skill (HOTS) that is important for students to master because it can place students in charge of reasonable situations or integrate new ideas with previous knowledge. This study aims to describe whether project-based learning (PjBL) in statistics material can improve the critical thinking skills of prospective mathematics teacher students. This research is a class action research with ten students from the class of 2021 as research subjects. The stages in this research are in the form of spiral cycles which include activities (1)planning, (2)implementing actions, (3)observation, and (4)reflection. The research instrument used was a critical thinking skill test and observation sheets for lecturer and student activities. The results of the study show that (1) the use of the PjBL learning model can improve the critical thinking skills of prospective mathematics teacher students class of 2021, as evidenced by the results of the critical thinking test with an increase in the percentage of students who scored a minimum of 76 (B) in the first cycle by 50% to 90 % in the second cycle and (2) the use of the PjBL learning model can increase student learning activity, indicated by an increase in the percentage of student activity from the first cycle of 78% to 85% in the second cycle.

Assessing genotoxic effects of chemotherapy agents by a robust in vitro assay based on mass spectrometric quantification of γ-H2AX in HepG2 cells.

Chemotherapy has already proven widely effective in treating cancer. Chemotherapeutic agents usually include DNA damaging agents and non-DNA damaging agents. Assessing genotoxic effect is significant during chemotherapy drug development, since the ability to attack DNA is the major concern for DNA damaging agents which relates to the therapeutic effect, meanwhile genotoxicity should also be evaluated for chemotherapy agents' safety especially for non-DNA damaging agents. However, currently applicability of in vitro genotoxicity assays is hampered by the fact that genotoxicity results have comparatively high false positive rates. γ-H2AX has been shown to be a bifunctional biomarker reflecting both DNA damage response and repair. Previously, we developed an in vitro genotoxicity assay based on γ-H2AX quantification using mass spectrometry. Here, we employed the assay to quantitatively assess the genotoxic effects of 34 classic chemotherapy agents in HepG2 cells. Results demonstrated that the evaluation of cellular γ-H2AX could be an effective approach to screen and distinguish types of action of different classes of chemotherapy agents. In addition, two crucial indexes of DNA repair kinetic curve, i.e., k (speed of γ-H2AX descending) and t50 (time required for γ-H2AX to drop to half of the maximum value) estimated by our developed online tools were employed to further evaluate nine representative chemotherapy agents, which showed a close association with therapeutic index or carcinogenic level. The present study demonstrated that mass spectrometric quantification of γ-H2AX may be an appropriate tool to preliminarily evaluate genotoxic effects of chemotherapy agents.

Upaya Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Biologi Dengan Menerapkan Model Pembelajaran Discovery Learning Terpadu

The purpose of this study was to determine the improvement of learning outcomes of students in class X MIPA 1 in Integrated Islamic High School of Nurhidayah Sukoharjo by applying the Discovery Learning “TERPADU” model in online learning. This research is a classroom action research model of Kemmis and Taggart which consists of four stages in each action, namely planning, implementation and observation, evaluation, and reflection. The research was conducted in two cycles of action. The subjects of this research were students of class X MIPA 1 with a total of 34 students. This research instrument is in the form of tests and non-tests. The results of this study indicate the achievement of student learning outcomes that have increased from pre-action to cycle I to cycle II, namely: (1) the student's average score of 66.68 (pre-action) increased to 82.72 (cycle I) then increased again to 89.11 (cycle II), (2) the percentage of classical completeness of 51.67% (pre-action) increased to 82.33% (cycle I) then increased again to 100% (cycle II), (3) N-gain of 0.31 in the “medium” category (cycle I) increased to 0.58 or stayed in the “medium” category (cycle II). Based on these results, it can be concluded that the application of the Discovery Learning “TERPADU” model can improve Biology learning outcomes. Based on this study, the researcher provides suggestions: (1) this Discovery Learning “TERPADU” model also needs to be tested in other class action research either conducted in online mode or offline mode (in the classroom) and (2) this research needs to be developed by using information technology and computer-based learning media in offline mode learning.

In the Multitude of Words, Sin is Not Lacking: Are Codes of Ethics Promoting Corporate Responsibility or Providing Legal Shields?

In the wake of corporate governance scandals, questions arise about the effectiveness and intent of corporate ethical codes: Are they genuine governance mechanisms to enhance corporate responsibility, or are they mere shields against legal risks? This study delves into the linguistic choices within ethical codes, positing that these choices serve as communication devices that articulate a firm’s institutional logic. We use stakeholder theory to differentiate between code language that is governed by instrumental (legal-oriented) or normative (behavior-oriented) logic. Upon analyzing the lexicon of Fortune 500 corporate codes, our findings reveal that behavior-oriented codes are associated with a decrease in the number of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) issues. Yet, they correspond to an increase in class action lawsuits. By contrast, legal-oriented codes are linked to an increase in ESG issues but to reduced legal litigation. Notably, firms that blend approaches from both logics experience lower litigation rates. These findings enrich the discourse on stakeholder theory and provide practical guidance for organizations aiming to refine their ethical codes. This refinement seeks to enhance ethical behavior and mitigate corporate risks.

Constructing Based Mathematics Learning Bruner's Theory to Improve Learning Outcomes Grade IV students at SD Negeri 15 Ternate City

This study aims to construct learning mathematics based on Bruner's theory to improve the learning outcomes of fourth grade elementary school students in studying the material for adding fractions with different denominators. The research approach used is a qualitative approach with a class action research design (CAR). Place of research, in SD Negeri 15 Kota Ternate. The subjects in this study were 4 students, taken one high ranking student, two medium ranking students, and one low ranking student. Data collection techniques in this study were student ability tests, observations, and interviews. The collected data were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. This research was conducted in 3 learning actions. Based on the results of this study it is suggested (1) in teaching fraction addition operations material, the teacher needs to relate the knowledge that students already have, namely the concept of fractions and the concept of equivalent fractions, (2) to teach the concept of arithmetic operations for adding fractions with different denominators, the teacher should make a learning plan through three stages of presentation namely the enactive stage, the iconic stage, and the symbolic stage by using a variety of teaching methods so that it is fun for students, (3) the teacher needs to know the difficulties and causes in learning the arithmetic operations of adding fractions with different denominators, and(4) the results of this study can be used as reference material for researchers, teachers who teach mathematics in elementary schools.

Litigation and liability in concussion research and collaboration

ABSTRACT This paper explores, first, the common law principles of personal injury litigation explored through court decisions relating to sports injuries in (primarily) England and Wales and, second, the statutory schemes relating to concussion liability and young players in the United States. It explores the difficulties of using those strategies as a means of establishing liability for injuries arising from sports-related concussion (SRC) and explains why they are of such limited utility. While proposed class actions over historically acquired injuries or individual litigation over recent catastrophic injury may have some merit, and while future amendments to the US laws might remove some of their inherent flaws, the difficulties in establishing liability for personal injury will always be exacerbated by the specific characteristics of SRC and the legal, factual and evidential issues that arise. For those reasons, the paper considers the potential benefits of other means of concussion prevention and mitigation, including no-fault compensation and mandatory insurance, the more widespread use of effective, nuanced concussion protocols, and inter-disciplinary research that engages with doctrinal legal research.

Upaya Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik XI-2 Materi Matriks Melalui Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe STAD Di SMA Negeri 6 Surabaya Tahun Ajaran 2023/2024

The cause of the low learning outcomes of students on matrix material is the lack of understanding of concepts and communication skills. A learning model that overcomes these problems is needed. The STAD type cooperative learning model can increase the interaction between students so that students can communicate and collaborate to understand matrix concepts. This class action research aims to improve students' learning outcomes on matrix material by applying the STAD type cooperative learning model in class XI-2 SMA Negeri 6 Surabaya. The data collection techniques used were observation, learning outcomes test, and documentation. The results showed that by applying the STAD type cooperative learning model can improve the learning outcomes of students of class XI-2 SMAN 6 Surabaya on matrix material. This is indicated by an increase in the value of learning outcomes and completeness of students after being given action in each cycle. There was an increase in learning outcomes by 39.39% from pre-cycle to cycle I and 54.54% from cycle I to cycle II. Learning completeness reached 54.54% in cycle I and 100% in cycle II.

The Effect of Using a Paralon Bow on the Archery Performance of Novice Athletes

Introduction: Archery activities, where the activity is oriented towards the accuracy of the arrows on the target, this requires accuracy and concentration. An archer must be able to take the right action on each arrow fired. Objective: This study is to determine the improvement of archery results at a distance of 10 meters through modifying arrows from used pvc pipes in novice athletes Perpani Tulungagung. Methods: This research includes quantitative research, with the type of research conducted is class action research. The subjects in this study were 15 novice athletes from the Beji Archery Club. The data analysis technique used is the percent technique. Results: the results of data analysis, this study concluded that: The first cycle data of the 10-meter archery performance skill test showed that athletes who reached the minimum completion criteria were only 33.3%, namely 5 athletes who were complete, and 10 athletes who were not complete (66.6%). In the second cycle there was an increase in mastery by 50%, namely 14 athletes completed (93.33%) and 1 athlete (6.66%) was not complete. Conclusion: the research above archery practice using a modified bow and arrow with the basic competencies of archery at a distance of 10 meters, before action and after action shows that athletes experience an increase in the value of shooting test practice.

Implementasi Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Berbantuan Spinning Question Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Kognitif Siswa

The study aims to find out the cognitive learning outcomes of students after using the cooperative learning model assisted by spinning questions and to know the differences between the learning outcome of students with the collaborative learning supported by spin questions and conventional learning on vibration and wave matter. This research is a quasi-experimental class action study with a posttest only control group design design. The researchers conducted research in the full semester of the 2023/2024 academic year involving 40 eighth grade students as research subjects that focused on two classes, including control classes and experimental classes. The tool used to obtain the data is a test of cognitive learning outcomes consisting of 20 elements of a double choice. The results of the study were analyzed descriptively and showed that the cognitive learning outcomes of the students in the experimental class were higher than in the control class and there were differences in learning outcome between the two classes. In experimental classes the average cognitivo learning output was 67,75 (sufficient) compared to 59,25 (less) in control class.

Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik Melalui Pembelajaran Berdiferensiasi Pada Materi Penyajian Data Di Kelas VII-H SMP Negeri 3 Surabaya Tahun Ajaran 2023/2024

The research was carried out on the problem of the ability to understand mathematical material in the students of classes VII-H of the State 3 Surabaya High School. There are students who have the ability to understand material low, medium, and high. There are also students' learning needs that are not fulfilled so that they affect the learning outcomes of students. The aim of this study is to improve the learning outcomes of students through differential learning. The research uses the Class Action Research (PTK) method with a quantitative approach and data collection techniques using the results of individual student tasks. The results of the study using differential learning showed that the increased learning outcomes seen from pre-cycle activities were 18% up to 41% in the first cycle, then in the second cycle showed an increase with a percentage of 82%. From these results it can be concluded that the research using the differentiation learning was successful in improving the learning outcome of students of classes VII-H of the 3rd State Sub-secondary School of Surabaya at the point of mathematics lessons Data Presentation.

Case Study of a class-action lawsuit against Tesla’s Monopolistic practices based on its price discrimination strategy

Case Study of a class-action lawsuit against Tesla’s Monopolistic practices based on its price discrimination strategy

Enhancing Elementary Students' Learning Interest in Science with the 'Make-a-Match' Cooperative Learning Model

The objective of this study is to enhance students' engagement in learning natural sciences through the implementation of the 'Make-a-Match' cooperative learning model. The research was conducted with fifth-grade students at a public primary school in Purworejo, Indonesia comprising 19 students, with 14 males and 5 females. Employing a class action research design, the independent variable was the 'Make-a-Match' cooperative learning model, while the dependent variable was students' learning activity in natural sciences. Data were gathered through observation, documentation, and field notes, with analysis focused on observations of the learning process conducted by both teachers and students. Findings revealed an initial average of 48.75% in the first cycle, increasing to 75.83% in the second cycle. These results demonstrate that the application of the 'Make-a-Match' cooperative learning model effectively enhances students' learning activity in the science subject among fifth-grade elementary school students.

Upaya Meningkatkan Pemecahan Masalah Matematis Siswa melalui Penerapan Model Problem Based Learning

This Classroom Action Research aims to determine the improvement of students' mathematical problem-solving skills through the application of the Problem-Based Learning model. The subjects in this class action research are all students of class XI Merdeka Jaya SMA Negeri 1 Tanjung Morawa even the semester of the 2023/2024 academic year consisting of 35 students (13 male students and 22 female students). This research data is in the form of quantitative data obtained from mathematical problem-solving ability tests with statistics material and qualitative data in the form of student activity data. The data analysis technique used in this research is simple statistical analysis. The results of data analysis showed that there was an increase in students' mathematical problem-solving ability through the application of the Problem-Based Learning model. The results showed an increase in students' mathematical problem-solving ability in each cycle where cycle I amounted to 57.14%, and cycle II amounted to 88.57%. Then the results showed that student activity in the learning process in each cycle where cycle I amounted to 70.83%, and cycle II amounted to 91.67%. So it can be concluded that this class action research, namely through the application of Problem-Based Learning, can improve students' mathematical problem-solving skills on matrix material in class XI Merdeka Jaya SMA Negeri 1 Tanjung Morawa.

Optimizing Students' Speaking Ability Using Padlet in Giving Opinion at Indonesian Junior High School: A Classroom Action Research

This study aims to determine the impact and perceptions of students in English speaking skills, especially giving opinions via Padlet. This study was conducted at Indonesian Junior High School with 20 students as respondents. Data has been obtained using qualitative descriptive methods. Qualitative data has been obtained from interviews, pre-tests, and post-test. To solve the problem, the study has carried out Class Action Research (CAR) which consists of planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. The test only given to students. The result of the study showed that Paddlet has positive impact on students’ speaking ability. It reveals increase about 21.15% from the pre-test. It can be concluded that optimizing students’ speaking ability using Padlet in giving opinion can be an alternative of effective teaching ways. Keywords: CAR, Padlet, Speaking Ability

Eksplorasi Budaya Etnomatika dengan Susu Ladok Khas Trenggalek Diimplementasikan pada Materi Pengolahan Data di Kelas IV SDN 1 Ngantru

As an effort to introduce local culture associated with teaching materials, the teacher made a learning strategy that discussed the exploration of ethnomatic culture with Trenggalek Ladok typical milk which was implemented in data processing materials in grade IV SDN 1 Ngantru. The purpose of this study is to increase students' understanding of local culture through the local culture of ladok milk applied in data processing materials. In this study using the class action method. With research instruments used are observation, interviews, and documentation. The results showed that the implementation of ethnomatic cultural exploration with Ladok milk in data processing material in grade IV SDN 1 Ngantru can increase students' understanding of local culture. This is evidenced by the increase in student learning outcomes and student enthusiasm in participating in learning.

The Improvement Of Student Achievement In Writing Skill By Applying Think Talk Write Strategy At MTs Nurul Qur’an

Mastering writing skill is difficult for new learner of English. This paper focuses on analyzing the use of TTW (think talk write) strategy in enhancing students’ achievement in writing a greeting dialogue. The research was conducted in MTs Nurul Al-Qur'an Jombang. It involved first grade students that consist of 40 students. Action research design was used in conducting this research. The results showed that the use of TTW strategy in teaching writing skill can enhance students achievement in writing skill. The final score of students showed that they got a higher score in writing after applying this theory. Furthermore, based on the questionnaires results show that by using this theory in teaching writing students can enjoy and understand the material well. Junior High School students find it difficult to master the ability to write English. This paper focuses on analyzing the use of TTW strategy in improving students ability to write a dialogue about greeting. This study was conducted at MTs Nurul Al-Qur'an Jombang and involved 40 first graders. Class action research is the design used in this research. The results of this research indicate that the use of TTW strategy in teaching menuis can improve students ' ability to write. Furthermore, based on the results of the questionnaire showed that the use of this theory in learning to write can help students to enjoy the learning process and understand the material well.

Судебные расходы в групповом производстве

The problem of paying legal costs when courts resolve a class action is considered. The need to enshrine in tax legislation a special decision on the amount and procedure for paying state duty when filing a class action is noted. The state fee must be paid at a time when filing a claim, and in a fixed amount, which does not change depending on the joining of group members after the initiation of proceedings in the case. The author criticizes the approach currently formed in judicial practice to determining the amount of state duty according to the rules of the active participation model. Attention is also drawn to the inappropriateness of establishing a rule on the need to comply with the notarial form of an agreement on the distribution of legal costs between participants in a group of persons.

Strategies for Public Law Enforcement in Securities Class Action Amid the Knowledge Economy Revolution

Strategies for Public Law Enforcement in Securities Class Action Amid the Knowledge Economy Revolution

Augmenting sixth graders’ science process skills and learning outcomes on plant breeding materials using the outdoor learning method at SDN 23 Pulubala Gorontalo district

This class action research explores how to augment sixth graders’ science process skills and learning outcomes on plant breeding materials using the outdoor learning method at SDN 23 Pulubala Gorontalo District. It was class action research. 15 students, eight males and seven females, acted as subjects. Data analysis results and discussion led us to conclusions that (1) students who demonstrated science process skills with a Good category after using the outdoor learning method in Cycle I increased by number in Cycle II, from eight (48%) to 14 (93%). In other words, the increase involved six students (40%), (2) students who achieved learning outcomes with a completeness category after using the outdoor learning method in Cycle I also increased by number in Cycle II, from seven (48%) to 13 (88%). The increase hence involved six students (40%), and (3) the number of students attained a good category after using the outdoor learning method in Cycle I increased by number in Cycle II, from 7 (47%) to 13 (88%). The increase thus involved six students (72%).

MENINGKATKAN KEAKTIFAN SISWA KELAS V DALAM PEMBELAJARAN PAI DENGAN METODE NUMBERED HEADS TOGETHER DI SD NEGERI SUKA RUKUN 01

In this study, it aimed at grade V students of SD Suka Rukun 01 Bekasi Regency, the purpose of this study was to increase student activeness in class. In Islamic religious education learning, this research is a Classroom Action Research that collaborates with teachers as implementers of learning and observation as observers This Class Action Research is conducted in two cycles or two meetings. Seeing the problem in grade V SD Negeri Suka Rukun 01 is the lack of student activity in learning PAI. The activeness of the students referred to here is to have high enthusiasm and confidence in learning so that students are able to understand the material presented well. Data collection methods through observation and interviews. The data is tabulated after descriptive analysis in tabular form. Based on the results of the study, there was an increase in student activity in cycles 1 and 2 with an increase of 77.30% and 86.00% respectively. Thus, it can be concluded that the type numbered heads together cooperative method can increase the activeness of grade V students in PAI learning at SD Negeri Suka Rukun 01.