Cladophora Sp Research Articles

Study of acute toxicity of the biomass of Cladophora sp. and phycocyanin for Daphnia magna

In the current economic conditions, an active search is conducted for cost-effective and well-balanced feeds and feed mixtures for fish farming. The development of functional feeds using biomass of wild algae is becoming a central focus in the fish feed production. Although these supplements offer a promising path to sustainable and environmentally friendly fish feeding, their impact on the ecosystem requires detailed research. The aim of the study was to determine the acute response of Daphnia magna to the influence of new feed products derived from the wild algae of the Baltic Sea, phycocyanin on its own, and their binary mixture. The study was conducted using the standard aquatic toxicology method. To establish the 48-hour LC50, the probit analysis method was used. The results showed that D. magna is more sensitive to the effects of phycocyanin, with the following order of toxicity: phycocyanin > the mixture (1:1) > the biomass of Cladophora sp. The median lethal concentrations at 48 h were 100 mg/l, 920 mg/l, and 1720 mg/l, respectively. The obtained data allows to refer the tested compounds to low-hazard substances according to the Globally Harmonized System (GHS). The observed effects were compared with the effects of the mixture noticed in the toxic units (TU) model. In 48 hours, the mixture of the dry biomass of Cladophora sp. and phycocyanin at a ratio of 1:1 exhibited synergism. The obtained results will allow choosing the optimal ratio of the raw materials used in fish feeds without inflicting harm to the aquatic ecosystem and loss of their nutritional value.

Determining the toxicity of the biomass of Cladophora sp.

Finding new or alternative feeds, feed additives, and raw materials safe for health and the environment is significant in intensifying livestock production. At the same time, the fodder base obtained from aquatic ecosystems – algae – deserves special attention. The advantage of using algae as fodder is using small areas for their cultivation and a high reproduction rate. In addition, algae are grown where other plants cannot grow, and the productivity of algae is several times higher than that of higher plants. Algae can produce beneficial compounds and biomass, which are also used to increase the nutritional value of food products. Biomass obtained from algae is a source of necessary vitamins, minerals, proteins, polyunsaturated fatty acids, antioxidants, and other necessary nutrients. The composition of algae depends on the environment from which this biomass is collected, the conditions of algae cultivation, the season, the species of algae, and many other factors. In addition, it should be noted that some algae, out of the total amount, are toxic when consumed. That is why it is essential to research their toxicity. The article presents the results of studying the toxicity of the biomass of Cladophora sp. on the body of guppy fish. When studying the effect of biomass Cladophora sp. on the body of guppy fish, it was established that its use for 96 hours in doses of 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 mg/l did not cause their death, and its LC50 is higher than 100 mg/l. In addition, no changes were detected in the behavior of the fish; they were active, mobile, and actively responding to external stimuli. The fish of the experimental groups were not distinguished from those of the control group.

Unraveling the Interaction Mechanism of the Compounds From Cladophora sp to Recognize Prospective Larvicidal and Bactericidal Activities: In vitro and In Silico Approaches.

The present investigation aims to validate the larvicidal and antibacterial potential of Cladophora sp through in vitro and in silico approaches. The presence of phytoconstituents, functional groups and the compounds responsible for antibacterial and larvicidal activity were assessed through FT-IR and GC-MS analyses which unveiled the existence of active secondary metabolites, hydroxyl, alkane and carbonyl groups. The larvicidal and antibacterial activity of algal extract were examined and revealed complete mortality and substantial zone of inhibition was observed against Culex quinquefasciatus and E. coli. To support the in vitro investigation in silico studies were performed. Molecular docking investigations of the selected compounds from GC-MS which exhibited favorable agreement with drug likeness and ADMET properties indicated robust interactions with the larvicidal and bacterial proteins showcasing considerable binding affinities. Notably, 1,2,4-Oxadiazole, 3-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-5-[(4-iodo-1H-pyrazol-1-yl) methyl]- exhibited strong interactions with the target proteins. Density Functional Theory revealed that the energy gap of the lead compound was reduced and substantiates the occurrence of intermolecular charge transfer. Molecular Dynamic simulations confirms the stability and flexibility of the lead compound. Hence, this investigation offers computational perspectives on the molecular interactions of Cladophora sp, suggesting its suitability as a promising biocontrol agent.

Influence of nitrogen sources on wastewater treatment performance by filamentous algae in constructed wetland system

Although filamentous algae have the characteristics of high nutrient assimilation ability, and adaptation to different conditions, studies on their role in water purification of constructed wetlands (CWs) are limited. In this study, the wastewater treatment capacity under different nitrogen sources was explored by constructing a filamentous algal CW (FACW) system. Results confirmed the fast and stable operation efficiency of the FACW system. Ammonia nitrogen was preferred in Cladophora sp. absorption and assimilation. The nutrient consumption rate (NCR) for total nitrogen (TN) of AG was 2.65 mg g−1 d−1, much higher than that of nitrate nitrogen (NG) (0.89 mg g−1 d−1). The symbiosis of bacteria and Cladophora sp. Contributed to pollutant removal. A stable and diverse community of microorganisms was found on Cladophora sp. Surface, which revealed different phylogenetic relationships and functional bacterial proportions with those attached on sediment surface. In addition, temperature and light intensity have great influence on the purification ability of plants, and low hydraulic retention time is beneficial to the cost-effective operation of the system. This study provides a method to expand the utilization of wetland plants and apply large filamentous algae to the purification of wetland water quality.

Ecofriendly Approach on the Removal of Reactive Orange 107 from Aqueous Solutions Using Cladophora Species as a Novel Biosorbent.

The efficiency of Cladophora species for the removal of Reactive Orange 107 (RO107) from the aqueous solution was evaluated through batch adsorption studies by optimising various process parameters such as pH (3-8), dye concentration (100-500mg/l), biosorbent concentration (100-500mg/l), temperature (25-45°C) and contact time (12-108h). The results revealed that the optimum conditions for RO107 decolourisation (87%) was found on 72h of incubation with 100mg/l dye concentration amended with 200mg/l biosorbent at pH 6 at 25°C. The mechanism of dye adsorption was evaluated using isotherms, kinetics and thermodynamic models. The experimental data fitted well with Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. Thermodynamic studies revealed that the adsorption process was endothermic, spontaneous and feasible in nature. Recovery of RO107 from the Cladophora sp. was maximum when 0.1M HNO3 was used as an eluent. UV-Visible, FT-IR and SEM analyses reveal the interaction between the biosorbent-adsorbate and confirm the process of decolourisation by Cladophora sp. In order to evaluate the nature of the untreated and treated dye solutions, toxicological studies were conducted and the results revealed that the treated dye solution was non- toxic as compared with untreated dye solution. The results of the docking study proved that there was a substantial binding energy between RO107 and the protein (Cytochrome C6) of Cladophora sp. Hence, Cladophora sp. proves to be a promising biosorbent to decolourise RO107 and its potential can be explored in the textile sectors.

Plankton potential as bioindicator of trophic status of Lokop River Leuser Ecosystem

Lokop is one of the villages in East Aceh which has a watershed in the Leuser Ecosystem. Human activities have the potential to disrupt the Trophic Status of Lokop River, such as the use of pesticides for agriculture, household waste and the use of potassium for fishing. It is necessary to research the quality of the waters in the Lokop River. The plankton community present in river waters can be an indicator of environmental pollution by analyzing the saprobic index. This study aims to determine the index of plankton diversity and water quality in the Leuser Ecosystem of the Lokop River through the saprobic index. The research was conducted at three stations. A sampling of plankton was taken in the form of a 10 cc filtrate and five replications were carried out for each study site. Water quality measurements include pH, TDS, Temperature, transparancy, depth, and current. 11 potential species can be used as pollution indicators in the Lokop River, namely Cladophora sp, Diatoma elongatum, Fragilaria capucina, Oedogonium sp., Gonatozygon sp, Lyngbya agardh, Melosira sp., Merismopedia punctata, Microspora sp, Pinnularia sp, Synedra ulna. The plankton diversity index is in the medium category. Based on the Saprobic Index, the level of pollution at the research site was not to lightly loaded of organic pollution and lowly loaded of organic pollution.Keywords:IsoprobikPlanktonBioindicatorLokop

Facile Preparation of Cellulose Bioplastic from Cladophora sp. Algae via Hydrogel Method.

Bioplastic has been widely studied in the past decades as a replacement for non-biodegradable and non-environmentally friendly plastic. One of the promising materials to produce bioplastic is cellulose. However, it is rarely used as the main component for bioplastic production. This study reports a facile process to prepare bioplastic using the pure cellulose content of Cladophora sp. algae via the hydrogel method. The effect of epichlorohydrin (ECH) concentrations as the cross-linking agent was investigated toward the biodegradability, thermal, and mechanical properties of the cellulose bioplastic obtained. The results showed that ECH concentrations affected the properties of the cellulose bioplastic produced due to the number of cross-links formed during the process. The cellulose bioplastic possessed relatively high thermal and mechanical properties. The cellulose bioplastic performed excellent biodegradability, as it was degraded by more than 40% within five days. Thus, the cellulose of Cladophora sp. algae has the potential to be developed as the main component for bioplastic application.

Arsenic Biosorption by the Macroalgae Chondracanthus chamissoi and Cladophora sp.

The biosorption of arsenic (As) with macroalgae has aroused much interest as a clean and low-cost technology. To evaluate arsenic biosorption by Chondracanthus chamissoi and Cladophora sp., approximately 5 kg of algae was collected from Huanchaco’s beach and Sausacocha lake (Huamachuco), La Libertad. As biosorption was carried out in four column systems, with 2 g of algae pellets each, circulating As solutions of 0.25 and 1.25 ppm, respectively, at 300 mL/min cm2. As concentration was determined at 3 and 6 h of treatment by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Data were analyzed using Student’s t-test with 95% confidence. At 6 h, Chondracanthus chamissoi presented an As biosorption of 95.76% in a 0.25 ppm mg/L solution and 85.33% in a 1.25 mg/L solution. Cladophora sp., at 6 h, presented an As biosorption of 95.76% in a 0.25 mg/L solution and 42.03% in a 1.25 mg/L solution. It was concluded that Chondracanthus chamissoi achieves higher percentages of biosorption than Cladophora sp. in solutions of 1.25 mg/L As (p < 0.05), and that there is no significant difference between the biosorption percentages of Chondracanthus chamissoi and Cladophora sp. in a 0.25 mg/L solution of As at 6 h of treatment (p > 0.05).

The Utilization of Green Algae into Bioethanol Fuel with Hydrolysis Reaction of Sulfuric Acid

The increase in population has increased the need for fuel oil and gas, our fossil energy reserve is increasingly decreasing, while its needs continue to increase. This fact opens up a chance to use renewable energy and reduce the use of fossil fuels. In addition to the depletion of the number of fossil fuels, other important reasons for reducing its use are environmental damage issues, ongoing prices, and greater subsidization burden. To overcome the situation, can be pursued in two ways. First reducing the level of consumption and both continue to develop other alternative energy sources, especially renewable energy sources. Lately emerged various findings. Ranging from cassava, sweet potatoes, to corn that is processed into bioethanol. But on its way, the development of the fuel is often burp. The clash with food needs is one of the challenges. While the crop fails and the land needed to be another problem that cannot be underestimated, especially amid the issue of global warming. BioEthanol itself is processed from carbohydrates or starch contained in natural materials. During this time bioethanol is produced by many food crops such as corn, cassava, and sweet potatoes. In fact, these materials are still needed as a support for foodstuffs. Through this study, the author lifted the green algae (Cladophora sp) as one of the alternative solutions in the production of bioethanol which can someday become an alternative fuel. This is because green algae (Cladophora sp) are scattered everywhere and the Carbohydrates content is quite high i.e. 52.54-60.98% (Khuantrairong et al., 2011). In this research researchers utilize the green algae to produce alternative fuels by looking at how the H2SO4 solvent concentration affects the resulting product.

Sustainable bioelectricity generation using Cladophora sp. as a biocathode in membrane-less microbial fuel cell

In this study, the Cladophora sp. is used to provide oxygen to the cathode of the photosynthetic biocathode membrane-less microbial fuel cell (PB-MLMFC). Non-aerated (NA-MLMFC) and mechanically-aerated (MA-MLMFC) MLMFCs are operated under similar operating conditions to evaluate the performance of PB-MLMFC with the presence of Cladophora sp. The PB-MLMFC exhibits the highest dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration, which results in a more efficient oxygen reduction reaction and a significant improvement in the electricity generation performance. The maximum power density of PB-MLMFC is 619.1 mW m−2, which is the highest power density known to be reported for algal cathode MFCs in the literature. The electrochemical analysis shows that theCladophora sp.reduces the charge (Rct) and mass transfer (Rmt) resistances of the PB-MLMFC, and improves the bioelectrochemical activity of the anode microorganisms. The study reveals that Cladophora sp. provides a cost-effective and renewable approach for practical applications of MLMFCs.

Новая ассоциация Phragmitetum altissimi ass. nov. (Phragmito-Magnocaricetea Klika in Klika et Novák 1941) из европейской части России и Западной Сибири

Новая ассоциация Phragmitetum altissimi ass. nov. (Phragmito-Magnocaricetea Klika in Klika et Novák 1941) из европейской части России и Западной Сибири

Abundance of filamentous algae on Kappahycus alvarezii and Eucheuma denticulatum cultivated by vertical net

Filament algae that attach to the Kapapphycus alvarezii thallus are mainly Chaetomorpha crassa, Cladophora sp. and Elachista flaccida. Algae fillament attached to the thallus K. alvarezii affect several factors including nutrient absorption and competition for sunlight. The purpose of this study was to determine the comparison of the number of algal filament attached to the thallus Kapapphycus alvarezii and Eucheuma denticulatum. The results showed that the most dominant filament attached to the thallus E. denticulatum was C. crassa with the highest number of filaments was 155.6 filaments/cm 2 with a wet weight of 2.98 g. the number of filaments of Cladophora sp is 13.8 filaments/cm 2.E. flaccida was found to be widely attached to the talus K. alvarezii. The number of filaments attached to the K. alvarezii thallus is 17.8 filaments/cm2 and was found on the 20th day. The average specific growth rate of K. alvarezii and E. denticulatum is 2% / day. this growth rate is not affected by the presence of algal filaments attached to the thallus. Physical-chemical parameters of the waters during the study showed that the temperature of the waters ranged from 29-30 °C, the brightness at study site was 9.1-9.35 m, the current speed ranged from 0.092 to 0.49 m / s. Salinity ranges from 30-33 ppt, nitrate ranges from 0.0237 to 0.0416 mg/L, Phosphate ranges from 0.0015 to 0.0036 mg/L and DO ranges from 5.7 to 6.4 mg/L. Pearson correlation analysis results confirm that seaweed growth has a positive correlation with current velocity and nitrate.

Preparation and Characterization of Nanocrystalline Cellulose from Cladophora sp. Algae

Nanomaterial is one of the recent technological advancements that attracts the attention of many scientists. Many advanced properties could emerge from the utilization of materials on this scale. Nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) is a cellulose-based nanomaterial currently gaining attention because of its remarkable properties. NCC was prepared by removing the amorphous part of cellulose through acid hydrolysis. Cladophora is a type of algae with a fiber-like body, that could grow rapidly and widely available in the Indonesian coastal area, which is considered a nuisance and has no known high economic value. Cladophora can be used as an alternative source of cellulose because it has a high amount of cellulose. Cellulose could be extracted from Cladophora using 17.5% of NaOH at 100°C, 1 M sulfuric acid hydrolysis at 100°C, and bleaching with 5% hydrogen peroxide at 100°C. Nanocrystalline cellulose could be extracted by sulfuric acid hydrolysis at 100°C, with a concentration of 2 M, 3 M, and 5 M. The duration of the process for each concentration, varied for 5, 10, and 15 hours. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Particle Size Analyzer (PSA), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were used to characterize the resulting hydrolyzed product. The result showed that the increase in acid concentration and processing duration increased the crystallinity while decreased particle length and cellulose diameter. The highest crystallinity and smallest particle size were 96.36% and 189.2 nm, obtained by acid hydrolysis in 5 M sulfuric acid for 15 hours.

Comparative Study of Nutritional Importance of Some Marine Macroalgae as a Novel Natural Source of Amino Acids

This study aimed to investigate the amino acids contents of some brown (Hormophysa cuneiformis, Sargassum muticum, and Padina minor), red (Digenea simplex, Amphiroa anceps, and Corallina mediterranea), and green macroalgae (Codium elongatum, Ulva fasciata, and Cladophora sp.) collected from the Egypt coasts, using an Eppendorf/Biotronik LC 3000 amino acid analyzer. The results showed that the total amino acid content ranged from 11.84 ± 0.55 mg/g dry weight (DW) in D. simplex to 33.43 ± 1.29 mg/g DW in U. fasciata. Threonine and L-methionine were the major essential amino acids (EAAs) in red and brown macroalgae, respectively, whereas in green macroalgae, the major EAAs varied between macroalgae species as follows: L‑lysine in C. elongatum, L-leucine in U. fasciata, and L-valine in Cladophora sp. L-aspartic and L-glutamic acids together represented a large portion of the amino acid content. The high content of EAAs in all the species under study makes them an important resource for nutritional applications.

Bioactive Compounds from Three Green Algae Species along Romanian Black Sea Coast with Therapeutically Properties

During the past years, it became obvious that the ecosystem presents a marine algae excedent, which should be utilized in one way or another. In the marine world, algae have been intensely studied, but the Black Sea seaweeds are not sufficiently harnessed. To survive in such various diverse and extreme environments, macroalgae produce a variety of natural bioactive compounds and metabolites, such as polysaccharides, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and phlorotannins. In the Black Sea there are three species of green algae: Ulvae lactuca sp., Enteromorpha intestinalis and Cladophora sp. The superior exploitation of the marine biomass represents a highly important resource for the pharmaceutical industry, supplying raw material for the extraction of bioactive substances (vitamins, polysaccharides, sterols, phenols and amino-acids) and various other substances. The purity of this compounds is strongly connected to the state of the marine ecosystem. In the present paper are presented the main bioactive compounds existing in the chemical composition of the green algae in the Black Sea studied. The details of the therapeutic properties of the green algae generated by their chemical compositions.

UV-A screening in Cladophora sp. lowers internal UV-A availability and photoreactivation as compared to non-UV screening in Ulva intestinalis.

In the Baltic Sea, two co-occurring green macroalgae Cladophora sp. and Ulva intestinalis grow in the upper eulittoral. Due to regular and high sunlight exposure in their habitat, both species need resistance mechanisms to protect themselves against ultraviolet-B (UV-B)-induced DNA damage. While Cladophora sp. possesses efficient screening of UV-B and ultraviolet-A (UV-A) radiation, U. intestinalis was recently shown to have higher DNA repair by UVA-driven photoreactivation than Cladophora sp. [F. Pescheck and W. Bilger, Mar. Biol., 2018, 165, 132]. In the present study, the hypothesis that the screening of UV-A radiation limits internal UV-A availability for photoreactivation in Cladophora sp. was tested. Both species had identical and much lower fractions of damaged DNA when sampled in situ under direct sunlight as expected based on a photophysical prediction. To quantify the effect of UV-A screening spectrally and physiologically, in vivo UV screening spectra were determined and the UV-A photon flux dependency of photoreactivation was investigated for both species. Identical intrinsic photoreactivation rates were revealed by the applied correction for internal UV-A photon flux density and under irradiation with visible radiation which is not screened by the UV absorbing compounds in Cladophora sp. Natural sunlight was weighted with in vivo action spectra for DNA damage induction and light-dependent repair. The resulting spectrum was further corrected for the apparent UV screening spectra of both species to calculate the species-specific internal ratios of DNA damaging and photoreactivating photons. This photophysical modelling improves the understanding of UV damage and tolerance mechanisms in the two co-occurring green macroalgae under solar irradiation.

PENGARUH KONSENTRASI NaOH PADA PROSES DELIGNIFIKASI TERHADAP SELULOSA MIKROKRISTAL DARI ALGA HIJAU (Cladophora sp.) SEBAGAI PRODUK BAHARI TERBARUKAN

Research on marine natural resources as an excipient material of pharmaceutical product is still rare. One of the marine products is the green algae, Cladophora sp. High cellulose content causes Cladophora sp. which can be used as an alternative material of microcrystalline cellulose (SM). There are two stages to produce SM, namely delignification and hydrolysis. Delignification is the process of removing the lignin of complex compounds. The delignification process is carried out chemically in alkaline situation using a NaOH solution which dissolves lignin, carbohydrates, organic acids, and resins so that cellulose is released from its bonds. This is important because the presence of lignin may inhibit acid penetration prior to hydrolysis. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of delignification by using NaOH solution at various concentrations (2, 4, and 6%) to cellulose content and physical character of microcrystalline cellulose from Cladophora sp. (SMC). In the hydrolysis process, 5% HCl solution was used. SMCs of various concentrations of NaOH were observed and the cellulose levels included alpha, beta and gamma levels. While the physical character observation is done on Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) test. Based on the cellulose content, the higher the concentration of NaOH used, the higher the alpha cellulose will increase. The opposite result occurs on the measurement of beta and gamma cellulose. Based on SEM test, it appears that there is no effect of increasing NaOH concentration on physical character of SMC.

Optimization and Characterization of Cladophora sp. Alga Immobilized in Alginate Beads and Silica Gel for the Biosorption of Mercury from Aqueous Solutions

Biosorption has gained much ground as a wastewater treatment technology. In this work, modified algal biosorbents were synthesized by immobilizing Cladophora sp. alga in alginate beads and silica gel. The resultant biosorbents were evaluated for the retrieval of mercury from aqueous solutions using batch scale experiments. Optimal metal removal was achieved at pH 5, agitation time 60 min, initial metal concentration 100 mg L−1, and temperature 16 °C. Moreover, the experimental data fitted the Langmuir isotherm, pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm thus showing that biosorption occurred on a homogeneous layer and ion exchange was the dominant mechanism. Both biosorbents also had high selectivity for Hg2+ in multi-elemental solutions. This work showed the potential of Cladophora sp. immobilized in alginate beads and silica gel in removing mercury from industrial wastewaters.

Cladophora sp. Biosorption of Metal-contaminated Water

Artisanal and Small-scale Gold Mining (ASGM) activities employing the mercury amal-gamationtechnique have resulted in a significant drop in the quality of water from Ngwabalozi River, Zimbabwe. Mercury levels as high as 0.31 mg L-1have been reported in its waters and the low river pH (pH 3) favors proliferation of microorganisms responsible for methylmercury (a potent neurotoxin) formation. Thus, removal of mercury from contaminated systems is a priority. Therefore, the aim of this study is to develop a low-cost batch reactor for the removal of mercury from mercury contaminated acidic waters tomeet the World Health Organization (WHO) standard of 0.006 mg L-1using Cladophorasp. algae. Optimum reactor parameters were deter-mined by studying the effect of contact time, pH, initial mercury concentration and the presence of competing cations on the adsorption of mercury by Cladophorasp. The mass of algae required in a 1000 Lbatch reactor was then determined at the optimum adsorption conditions for the single and multi-component solution systems. A rapid uptake of mercury by Cladophorasp. algae was displayed. More than 99% of the mercury in solution was removed within the first five minutes of contact and equilibrium was attained after ten minutes. High adsorption capacities (up to 805 mg kg-1at pH 3) were obtained at the optimum mercury concentration of 1.0 mg L-1. Competitive adsorption studies showed that the selectivity of cations by Cladophora sp. was in thefollowing order: Hg2+˃ Fe2+˃ Cu2+˃ Zn2+˃ Co2+. Based on the optimized reactor conditions, nearly 4.8 kg of Cladophorasp. per 1000 Lbatch is required to treat the water in Ngwabalozi River for a mercury only solution. However, for a multi-component system, the mass of Cladophorasp. required was more than triple (17.1 kg) the mass required in a single component solution.

Biosorption of hexavalent chromium and malachite green from aqueous effluents, using Cladophora sp.

ABSTRACTBiosorption potential of green macroalgae Cladophora sp., (GAC) for the removal of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) and malachite green (MG) from aqueous medium was investigated. Optimal conditions for biosorption experiments were determined as a function of initial pH, GAC dosage, temperature and initial concentration of Cr(VI) and MG. The biosorption equilibrium data were fitted with the isotherm models of Langmuir, Freundlich, Kiselev, Frumkin and Jovanovic, while the experimental data were analysed using the kinetic models such as pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Ritchie's and intraparticle diffusion. The Langmuir maximum biosorption capacity was calculated as 100.00 mg/g (Cr(VI)) and 142.85 mg/g (MG). The biosorption kinetic data showed better agreement with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The thermodynamic parameters indicated spontaneous and endothermic nature of the biosorption process for Cr(VI) removal, whereas exothermic in the case of MG removal. Furthermore, the biosorption efficiencies of the GAC reusability were found significant up to five cycles and tested using 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 M HCl, respectively. The results of the present study indicated that GAC is a suitable biosorbent for the sequestration of Cr(VI) and MG from aqueous solutions.