Civic Virtue Research Articles

Mind the gap: The nation form and the Kohn dichotomy

AbstractThe dichotomy between civic Western nationalism and ethnic non‐Western nationalism (also known as “the Kohn dichotomy” after the historian of nationalism Hans Kohn) remains one of the most influential frameworks for understanding nationalism. It is also one of the most controversial: The binary schema has been criticised not only for its conceptual inconsistencies but also for entrenching an ethnocentric hierarchy that depicts Western nations as fountains of civic virtue. This article enriches these longstanding debates by excavating the neglected inverse side of the Kohn dichotomy. Since the late nineteenth century, the idealised Western nation is imagined not only as a civic polity united by common political traditions but also as an organic community blessed with natural boundaries. In short, Western nations are depicted as both civic and ethnic. Meanwhile, non‐Western nations are denied the privilege of being contradictory and deemed to suffer from a perennial mismatch between civic and ethnic elements: Non‐Western nations are depicted either as ethnic communities lacking civic traditions or as artificial political constructions lacking organic roots. Without taking into account this intricate dialectic between the civic and ethnic poles of the nation form, critics of the Kohn dichotomy will struggle to fully grasp its ideological functions or historical longevity.

The Relationship of Job Satisfaction and Quality of Work Life with the Organizational Citizenship Behavior of the Staff Working at Rehabilitation Clinics Affiliated to Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences

Background and Objectives This study was aimed to determine the relationship of job satisfaction and quality of work life with the organizational citizenship behavior of the staff working at rehabilitation clinics affiliated to Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences. Subjects and Methods This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in the first half of 2021. Participants were selected from among all staff working at the rehabilitation clinics affiliated to Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences using census method. Data were collected using Minnesota Job Satisfaction Questionnaire, Walton's Quality of Work Life Questionnaire, and Oregon Organizational Citizenship Behavior Questionnaire. Results The results showed a positive and significant relationship between job satisfaction and organizational citizenship behavior (p < 0.001, r= 0.55) and between quality of work life and organizational citizenship behavior (p < 0.001, r= 0.45). As far as the domains of organizational citizenship behavior were concerned, further analysis indicated that job satisfaction and quality of work life were significantly associated with politeness and consideration (p < 0.001, r= 0.76, p < 0.001, r= 0.66, respectively), civic virtue (p < 0.001, r= 0.52, p= 0.01, r= 0.26, respectively), and altruism (p= 0.009, r= 0.28, p= 0.04, r= 0.21, respectively). Conclusion Managers of health centers are advised to develop specific programs for the enhancement of the quality of work life and job satisfaction in the staff working at rehabilitation centers. This will instill in them the spirit of adopting roles and responsibilities far beyond their routine job description.

Antecedents of organizational citizenship behavior among the academic staff in Begemidir college of teacher education

The purpose of this study was to examine the organizational citizenship behavior of the staff and its precursors at Begemidir College of teacher education. A correlational survey design that involved 96 instructors recruited through a comprehensive sampling technique was employed. Questionnaire was used to collect data that were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The result indicated that instructors demonstrated above-average mean scores in all the dimensions of organizational citizenship behavior. It also revealed that organizational support and job satisfaction had a moderate relationship with altruism, civic virtue and sportsmanship while they had a modest relationship with courtesy and conscientiousness. On the other hand, there was a strong relationship between organizational commitment and altruism, civic virtue, courtesy, and sportsmanship. Overall, while OCB had a strong relationship with organizational commitment, it had a moderate relationship with organizational support and job satisfaction. Whereas organizational commitment has a positive and significant contribution to all organizational citizenship dimensions; job satisfaction did not influence all of them. Organizational support has a significant contribution to altruism, civic virtue, sportsmanship, and organizational citizenship behavior. Hence, it was suggested that the college should constantly work on the functions of organizational commitment and support to promote organizational citizenship behavior and ensure sustainable organizational development.

The Rule of Law in Cities of the Medieval Low Countries: Community-Building in Context

Urban communities were established in the twelfth and thirteenth century with the aid of legal concepts that comprised early notions of the rule of law. Cities were envisaged as “communes”, which referred to popular sovereignty. In a first period, urban citizenship was flexible and closely related to place of residence. From around 1220 this model came under increasing pressure. In order to safeguard the interests of the most affluent citizens, large guilds were established. Status determined rights, and there were significant inequalities even among citizens. Ideas of democratic democracy and the civic virtues of citizenship were fostering reforms after 1250. Existing urban governments were expanded to include councils and burgomasters. A framework of checks and balances developed because the commune, now considered as the body of citizens and residents, was seen as a force coexisting with metropolitan institutions. The medieval examples show that, in response to economic and even global conditions, community-building and rule-of-law thinking were solutions offering a “unity-in-diversity”.

KECERDASAN EMOSI DAN ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR PADA KARYAWAN DI KANTOR UNIVERSITAS PATTIMURA AMBON

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Organizational Citizenship Behavior among employees at Pattimura University, Ambon. The participants in this study were 41 employees at the Ambon Pattimura University Office through engineering Saturation Sampling. The data collection method uses the Google Form, where there are 28 items of Emotional Intelligence and 30 items of OCB. The Emotional Intelligence variable is measured using the five dimensions of Goleman (2000), namely; know one's emotions, manage emotions, self-motivation, empathy and build relationships. Meanwhile, the OCB variable is measured using the five dimensions of Organ (1988), namely;altruism, civic virtue, sportsmanship, dan conscientiousness. From the results of this study it was stated that there was a significant positive relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Organizational Citizenship Behavior. In other words, the higher the emotional intelligence, the higher the employee's OCB. Conversely, the lower the Emotional Intelligence, the lower the employee's OCB.

Influence Organization Citizenship Behavior On Performance In Jember Of Government

Along with the development of the times, where consumers will ask for maximum service so that companies will try their best to fulfill these requests. Not only trading companies, but service companies will also provide maximum service. In the world of aviation, the timeliness of departure, arrival and other services is the most important. These problems require communication and teamwork to fulfill consumer demands. Where every company needs productivity in all of its workforce. The objectives in this study include where the independent variable is altruism (concern),conscientiousness (good qualities),civic virtue (awareness),courtesy (politeness), and sportmanship (sportive) does it partially and simultaneously affect performance. This study intends to find out whether employees help each other voluntarily without getting paid and not including work but are useful for increasing company productivity. The analytical method in this study used instrument tests (including reliability and validity tests), multiple linear regression tests, classical assumption tests (including normality tests, heteroscedasticity tests, and multicollinearity tests), and hypothesis testing (including determination tests (R2), F tests , and t test). Based on the results of the data analysis that has been carried out, it can be drawn that out of the 5 independent variables the concentration in this study is on lycivic virtue partially influential and the rest(altruism, conscientiousness, cortesy, and sportmanship) does not affect partially, but these 5 independent variables influence simultaneously on performance in Jember Of Government

How India defines organizational citizenship behaviour: an inductive study from an employee perspective

PurposeOrganizational citizenship behaviour (OCB) holds importance for employees and employers. Although it is culturally relativistic, its definition is West-dominated. Conceptual investigations in non-Western cultures yield different dimensions of OCB. Existing OCB models lack contemporariness and reciprocity. Their perspective may be biased towards management. Practice based on such theory gives poor outcomes. To address these gaps, the authors reconceptualized OCB in the Indian context from an employee perspective.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted a qualitative study to build an employee-centric, inductive OCB model. The authors briefed respondents about the meaning of OCB and sought descriptions of instances of OCB performed or witnessed by them. The authors collected 478 descriptions from 49 private sector employees in India. The thematic analysis developed ten themes, each an OCB component, organized into four super-themes, denoting interpersonal, individual, organizational and community orientations.FindingsFive OCB components are new emic additions by the model: Building social relationships, emotionally mature behaviour, learning and knowledge creation, housekeeping and event management, and higher order citizenship. Organizational governance participation is absent from the model. Housekeeping and relationship building are the most appearing OCBs, while voice is the least. Findings are discussed in relation to temporal and cultural background, respondent characteristics and perspective.Practical implicationsOrganizations can better support employee OCBs by acknowledging OCBs unique to India, investigating low proportions of voice and civic virtue in the Indian model and informing people policies with this new knowledge.Originality/valueThis is the first attempt to build an inductive model of OCB in India from the employee perspective, making significant contributions to organizational theory and practice.

Civic Competence as a Social Service Dimension: Context of a Local Community in the Philippines

This study used convergent mixed approaches to contribute to local studies and provide a reflection that civic competence is an essential dimension of social service. Contextualized in a northern Luzon municipality, Philippines, the purposively selected 94 participants responded to the survey questionnaire and one-on-one interviews, anchored on the four domains of civic competence, such as civic rights, civic virtues, civic responsibilities, and civic participation. The quantitative findings revealed that among all the domains, only the civic rights were fully manifested, while the other three domains were all at a moderate level. Furthermore, the qualitative findings uncovered factors that possibly influenced the level of civic competence. In converging the findings from the two approaches, apart from the results of citizens’ civic competence, this study mirrored experiences of how social services were delivered in a local community. The results suggest that the government may consider local experiences and civic competence levels to plan for policy enhancement for social services during a pandemic or any unprecedented encounters. Future research may use a grounded theory design to form a middle-range theory for civic competence as an essential social service dimension.

Joint Efforts: Can We Succeed? Stimulating Organizational Citizenship Behaviors Through a Psychosocial Safety Climate

Serious emergencies exacerbate the uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity of the external environment, creating survival challenges for organizations and employees. During emergencies, it becomes more difficult for organizations to leverage organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs) from their employees to survive existential crises. From the perspective of resource exchange and investment, we explore the ways that organizations can collaboratively overcome difficulties by motivating their employees to engage in OCBs. Our findings show that (1) a psychosocial safety climate (PSC) that is adopted by an organization can effectively stimulate employee OCBs, which are of greater help to organizations than to coworkers, (2) resilience may be a psychological resource that explains the stimulating effect of a PSC on OCBs, and (3) employee trait gratitude enhances the role of resilience in mediating the relationship between a PSC and helping behaviors (but not civic virtue behaviors). Our findings not only reveal the mechanisms by which organizations can stimulate employee OCBs when the two face survival challenges during serious emergencies but also provide a recommendation for managers to focus on employee mental health and resilience during crises.

The Moderation Effect of Age on the Influence of Shift Work Practices on Organizational Citizenship Behaviour of Medics in Tanzania’s Government Hospitals

This study examines the moderation effect of age on the influence of Shift Work Practices on the dimensions of organisational citizenship behaviours (OCB). Data were collected from 330 randomly-selected medics working in Tanzania’s government hospitals. Results from the analysis conducted using Structural Equation Modelling with AMOS indicate statistically significant direct effects of shift work practices on all the three dimensions of OCB namely, conscientiousness, sportsmanship and civic virtue. Results also show that age significantly moderates the influence of shift-work practices on sportsmanship and civic virtue. The findings imply that how shift-work practices influence OCB behaviours isn't straightforward — it changes depending on the age of the employee. This suggests that managers of government hospitals need to consider employees’ age in designing shift works to enhance employees’ OCB and subsequently service quality.

Organizational Citizenship Behavior of Secondary School Teachers A Case of District Quetta, Balochistan

This study aimed to evaluate the Organizational Citizenship Behaviors (OCB) of secondary school teachers currently serving in the district of Quetta. Using a quantitative research method, the data was gathered from the randomly selected 250 teachers via an adopted questionnaire having 5-points Likert scale. The gathered data (based on the various dimensions of OCB including conscientiousness, sportsmanship, civic virtue, courtesy, and altruism) were analyzed using descriptive techniques and inferential statistical techniques. The findings of the study reveal that teachers currently serving in the secondary schools in the district of Quetta display no significant difference in OCB based on their genders and the sector of their serving schools, that is, private and public. However, there was a significant difference in OCB based on their age and years of experience. The findings of the study recommend the policymakers and school administrations to engage the teachers in the socially betterment of teachers without considering their different characteristics.

EXTRA ROLE BEHAVIOR OF THE APPARATUS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PERATURAN GUBERNUR PROVINSI DKI JAKARTA NOMOR 115 TAHUN 2016 CONCERNING KETUK PINTU LAYANI DENGAN HATI PROGRAM

This article aims to describe the extra role behavior carried out by the apparatus in implementing Ketuk Pintu Layani Dengan Hati Program and the factors that influence it. As an effort to reduce the rate of disease transmission in DKI Jakarta, the DKI Jakarta Provincial Government issued DKI Jakarta Governor Regulation Number 115 of 2016 concerning Ketuk Pintu Layani Dengan Hati Program. The scope of this program includes promotive, preventive, and curative with a door-to-door service mechanism. In implementing the program, it involves Public health center officers and health cadres in the DKI Jakarta province. To explain extra role behavior, Organ's theory of Organizational Citizenship Behavior is used. The research method used is descriptive qualitative. Data was collected by means of interviews, observations, and documents. The technique of determining informants is through purposive sampling, by determining key informants who develop into snowballs. The results of this study indicate that in the implementation of the Ketuk Pintu Layani Dengan Hati Program in DKI Jakarta Province, the apparatus must apply extra role behavior. Doctors, nurses, midwives, and health cadres must carry out their duties beyond their main duties. This can be identified from the dimensions of altruism, sportsmanship, civic virtue, conscientiousness, and participation. While the factors that influence the extra role behavior of the apparatus are cultural factors and organizational climate and job satisfaction factors.

The relationship between internal marketing and Organizational civic virtue An applied study on Egyptian commercial banks

The relationship between internal marketing and Organizational civic virtue An applied study on Egyptian commercial banks

Practicing ecological citizenship through community supported agriculture: Opportunities, challenges, and social justice concerns

AbstractGreen political theorists often highlight local food systems as an exemplar of ecological citizenship. Nevertheless, the topic has received scant systematic and critical treatment within green political theory. Although local food initiatives generally tend to be environmentally friendly, not all such initiatives lead to better environmental outcomes, nor can they be essentially characterized as citizenship practices that foster social justice. This article argues that a situated analysis is necessary to understand how a particular local food initiative promotes ecological citizenship. Through a qualitative study of community supported agriculture (CSA) participants in the greater Edmonton region of Canada, this article analyzes the civic virtues nurtured by this community and interrogates the extent to which their everyday practices resemble ecological citizenship. It concludes that discursive and structural limitations prevent the Edmonton CSA community from achieving meaningful diversity and addressing social justice concerns within its realm.

Analyzing the Effect of Sportsmanship and Civic Virtue Behaviors on Teacher Performance: Moderating Role of Affective Commitment

This study analyzes the effect of sportsmanship and civic virtue behavior on teacher performance. Also, analyzes the effect of sportsmanship and civic virtue behavior on affective commitment. Besides that, this study examines the moderating role of affective commitment in the relationship between sportsmanship and civic virtue behavior on teacher performance. This study is designed using a quantitative approach through a survey questionnaire. The data were collected using non-probability sampling on 45 people from Budi Mulia Al-Azhar Syifa Budi Foundation in Samarinda. The data analysis technique used is the SEM method, namely PLS (Partial Least Square), assisted by Smart PLS software. The results showed that sportsmanship and civic virtue behavior positively and significantly affected performance. Civic virtue behavior had a positive and significant effect on affective commitment, and affective commitment had a positive and significant effect on performance. This study also obtained positive and significant results between affective commitment mediating the effect of sportsmanship and civic virtue behavior on teacher performance.

On Rule of Law, Civic Virtues, Trust, and Happiness

AbstractIn literature, there is a long and ongoing dispute over whether free market institutions encourage or discourage civic virtues. On the one hand, the so-called doux commerce thesis states that free market institutions have a favorable influence on civic virtues, such as honesty, respect for private property, and fair dealings. This idea goes back to, amongst others, Adam Smith who famously argued that where commerce is introduced, people are more faithful to their word. Smith also believed that civic virtues foster human happiness. The policy implication would be that free market institutions increase happiness by stimulating civic virtues. On the other hand, the so-called self-destruction thesis states that free market institutions are inimical to the civic virtues, which would mean that free markets decrease human happiness by crowding out civic virtues. Although the debate on free market institutions and civic virtues is very relevant to policy makers, empirical evidence on these opposing propositions is still scarce. In this paper we test both relationships on a sample of 212,431 individuals from 80 countries by using data from the World Values Survey and the European Values Survey over the 1990–2020 period. We focus on one important dimension of free market institutions: rule of law. We find that civic virtues are positively related to rule of law and that happiness increases with civic virtues. In addition, civic virtues indirectly increase happiness by stimulating trust. In addition, trust is directly positively related to rule of law, indicating that both formal institutions (rule of law) and informal institutions (civic virtues) affect trust. An analysis of all the effects of rule of law on happiness shows, however, that the indirect effects through civic virtues and trust are of relatively minor importance in comparison to its total effect.

FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO IRREGULAR MIGRATION

This paper discusses the main factors that encourage Migrant Workers from East Nusa Tenggara Province, especially those from South Central of Timor District to migrate irregularly. We conducted this study in 6 migrant workers' villages in TTS in May 2018. It applied mixed-methods, qualitative and quantitative approaches. The study involved about 360 respondents who are retired migrant workers or the families of migrant workers. The study found that approximately 42% of the 360 ​​respondents answered that the migrant workers from the six villages did not have a birth certificate. About 67% of the migrant workers had an ID card from their area of ​​origin. Surprisingly, approximately 33% of migrant workers from those six villages get their identity cards and migration documents from other provinces in Indonesia. Generally, most of the migrant workers from those villages have low levels of education and skills. As many as 28.3% of respondents answered that their household only holds IDR 100,000 in cash a month. The recruiters understand that rural communities have a low level of cash holdings, so they disrupt the civic virtue of Oko Mama in the Atoni Meto culture. Through the Oko Mama, recruiters give some money to the families, parents, husbands, or wives of migrant workers. That money then becomes a debt for the migrant workers. They should repay the money after working work abroad.

Nurse's Perspective of Organizational Citizenship Behavior during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Saudi Arabia

Context: Outbreaks of epidemics have destroyed civilizations throughout history, wiping out entire peoples. The rapidly evolving needs of patients during the pandemic have led to drastic changes in the organizations and delivery of services, which have placed enormous pressure on hospitals around the globe. One of the most studied phenomena is organizational performance, particularly organizational citizenship behavior (OCB).
 Aim: To assess the organizational citizenship behavior level from the nurses' perspective during the COVID-19 pandemic.
 Methods: In this quantitative cross-sectional descriptive study, a stratified random sample of 315 nurses was selected from two large governmental hospitals in Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia. Data were collected using two self-report questionnaires: Demographic information and an OCB questionnaire.
 Results: Nurses had an overall high level of OCB (3.86±0.35) and high mean scores for all dimensions. However, the highest weighted mean was for courtesy (4.13±0.54), with a mean percentage of 82.63%, while the lowest was for civic virtue (3.54±0.67), with a mean percentage of 70.86%. Furthermore, nurses' OCB levels differ significantly according to their nationalities (p=0.006) and years of experience (p=0.013).
 Conclusion: This study found that the nurses had a high level of OCB during the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, this study shows that nurses' OCB levels differ according to their nationalities, years of experience, and the hospital. This study recommends assigning nurses with the expertise to formal administrative positions and responsibilities and allowing competent staff nurses to engage in educational programs.

워즈워스의 “숭고한” 공화국: 스위스 신화의 정치학

This paper is an attempt to examine the idea of a republic in the Wordsworth’s poetic career in relation with the Swiss myth. The Swiss myth was a popular belief that an ideal democracy is being practiced in the small communities located in the mountainous areas of the Alps each one of which could be called a mini republic, a microcosm of the ancient republics such as Athene or Sparta. Such small republics were peopled by the native inhabitants naturally equipped with civic virtues such as patriotism, a spirit of independence, frugality, and self-government all of which were grown in constant contact with the sublime landscape of the Alps. Wordsworth began his poetic career publishing a topographical poem Descriptive Sketches based upon his trip to the Alps which was made in 1790 under the charm of Switzerland as a country of pure democracy and sublime landscape. The Swiss myth, along with its aesthetic and political ramification, was always the source of inspiration in Wordsworth’s public life particularly in relation with his political sentiments. In this paper, I am trying to explore the significance of the Swiss myth in the transformation of Wordsworth’s political standpoint. I start with E. P. Thompson’s sincere question about Wordsworth’s apparently groundless optimism which managed to survive after all those traumas of political disenchantment. The secret, I argue, is that the Swiss myth provided him with a spiritual model with which to build an alternative Swiss in his native Lake District. Wordsworth’s ambitious project failed, of course, leaving the opprobrium of political apostasy only. It was undeniably an apostasy indeed after a certain point in his life, but his impossible dream for an alternative Swiss in the Lake District, I would like to argue, was dreamed due to his desperate wish to keep his republican idealism alive by building a ‘sublime’ republic of his own in whatever terms.

아리스토텔레스의 ‘시민의 덕’ 개념에 기반을 둔 시민교육

아리스토텔레스의 ‘시민의 덕’ 개념에 기반을 둔 시민교육