Wuhan Research Articles

COVID-19 Complications: Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Mitochondrial and Endothelial Dysfunction.

SARS-CoV-2 infection, discovered and isolated in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, causes acute atypical respiratory symptoms and has led to profound changes in our lives. COVID-19 is characterized by a wide range of complications, which include pulmonary embolism, thromboembolism and arterial clot formation, arrhythmias, cardiomyopathy, multiorgan failure, and more. The disease has caused a worldwide pandemic, and despite various measures such as social distancing, various preventive strategies, and therapeutic approaches, and the creation of vaccines, the novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) still hides many mysteries for the scientific community. Oxidative stress has been suggested to play an essential role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19, and determining free radical levels in patients with coronavirus infection may provide an insight into disease severity. The generation of abnormal levels of oxidants under a COVID-19-induced cytokine storm causes the irreversible oxidation of a wide range of macromolecules and subsequent damage to cells, tissues, and organs. Clinical studies have shown that oxidative stress initiates endothelial damage, which increases the risk of complications in COVID-19 and post-COVID-19 or long-COVID-19 cases. This review describes the role of oxidative stress and free radicals in the mediation of COVID-19-induced mitochondrial and endothelial dysfunction.

Evolution and Prediction of Urban Fringe Areas Based on Logistic–CA–Markov Models: The Case of Wuhan City

The urban fringe is the transitional area from rural form to urban form, and it is also the urban space reserve land in the Territorial Spatial Plan. However, few researchers predict its overall evolution and guide the implementation of the Territorial Spatial Plan. This study attempts to explore the dynamic evolution law of urban fringe, analyze its driving factors, predict its future development, and put forward management suggestions for the implementation of the Territorial Spatial Plan. In this paper, the land use data of Wuhan in 2000, 2010 and 2020 are applied to delimit the urban fringe area of Wuhan by means of a sliding t-test. Fifteen driving factors are selected from three dimensions, natural factors, socio-economic factors and traffic accessibility, and brought into the Logistic model to explore the driving factors of its spatial evolution. The CA–Markov model is used to predict the fringe area of Wuhan in 2035. The results show that the transformation of rural hinterland into urban fringe is obviously affected by the distance from railway stations, highways, commercial centers and urban main roads. It is predicted that the outer boundary of Wuhan’s fringe area in 2035 will be basically the same as the planned urban development boundary. In order to realize the intention of land space planning, the development and construction of the northwest of the Huangpi District, the East Lake Scenic Area, and the west side of the Jiangxia District should be restricted. From the perspective of the evolution of the fringe area, this paper puts forward some management suggestions for the implementation of the Territorial Spatial Plan and makes a beneficial attempt in theory and method to understand the development characteristics of the fringe area and promote the implementation of the Territorial Spatial Plan.

Integrated life cycle assessment with data envelopment analysis for enhancing medical waste management during a public health crisis

The generation of medical waste (MW) is expected to increase significantly during a public health crisis, such as COVID-19, which presents serious challenges to subsequent MW treatment systems. However, little research has been investigated into the sustainability of MW management during emergency crisis. It is crucial to explore the variations brought about by the pandemic and identify proper measures to improve inadequate treatment efficiencies to handle the increased MW burdens, but, this has not been addressed yet. This study developed an integrated model of life cycle assessment (LCA) with data envelopment analysis (DEA) to examine and enhance the efficiency of MW management during a pandemic, with a focus on Wuhan City, Hubei Province, and China. The findings showed that during the peak of the pandemic, environmental and economic impacts of MW treatment were 1.3–5.4 times and 1.9–5.9 times higher, respectively. These variations were mostly caused by steam sterilization to create a high-temperature environment, emphasizing the need to replace conventional fuels with sustainable sources. The LCA-DEA model identified movable organic Rankine cycle (ORC) incinerator as the most efficient option, achieving a full score of 1.0 for both pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency. Additionally, the model quantified potential reductions in environmental impacts, such as global warming and terrestrial acidification, to enhance management efficiency of inadequate strategies. The findings of this study not only reveal variations brought about by the pandemic but also provide effective measures to enhance MW management efficiencies under emergency situations, which can indicate policymakers and practitioners on how to improve MW management during public health crisis.

Assessing urban pluvial waterlogging resilience based on sewer congestion risk and climate change impacts

Urban waterlogging is a critical issue in urban governance, as without proper preventive measures, stagnant water can lead to damage or even casualties. Identifying waterlogging risk points is often desired in urban waterlogging management. Evaluation strategies should be tailored due to the dynamic features of climate warming and high uncertainty in rainfall patterns. An urban pluvial waterlogging resilience (UPWR) analysis framework is proposed as the basis and the tool for dynamically evaluating the spatial distribution of urban waterlogging resilience. UPWR combines hydrological modelling with drainage capacity calculation, extending the original urban waterlogging analysis into a spatial–temporal resilience analysis paradigm for urban waterlogging management in a future climate. An area in Wuhan city, which has suffered from severe waterlogging disaster events for years, was selected for a case study to test the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed approach. This study found that (1) as the drainage network congestion situation intensifies, the UPWR grade decreases in 14% of the study areas; (2) from 2030 to 2100, the UPWR in Wuhan shows a worsening trend under each Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP), and the UPWR under the RCP45 scenario is the worst; and (3) the analysis results can be used to predict future UPWR changes and determine in advance which areas require special maintenance. The novelty of this research lies in the following: (a) the two levels of precipitation and drainage are combined to construct an UPWR assessment framework, providing a quantitative spatial distribution that lays the foundation for exploring urban waterlogging management solutions; and (b) consideration is given to the dynamic change in climate and urban resistance to waterlogging when predicting the future UPWR via a continuous time series, which can provide a basis for urban waterlogging control planning.

First report of Diaporthe acuta causing leaf blight of Acer palmatum in China.

Acer palmatum Thunb. is an important ornamental deciduous tree with colorful foliage, and widely cultivated in Japan, Korea and China (Carlos et al. 2016). In October 2021, a foliar disease of ~95% incidence was observed on A. palmatum in three community parks, Shaoxing, Xuzhou, and Wuhan cities, China. The symptoms appeared as brown necrotic lesions at the tips, margin, and surface of leaves. Thirty leaves with symptoms from three trees were collected from the three parks. Small pieces (3 to 5 mm2) cut from the lesion margins were placed on potato dextrose agar (PDA) after surface-sterilized and incubated at 25°C in the dark, following the protocol described previously (Wan et al. 2022). The same fungus was isolated from 31% of 150 tissue pieces. Pure cultures were obtained from the tip of hyphae. Three representative isolates (WH52, SX13, and XZ96) were obtained and deposited at Nanjing Forestry University. The colony on PDA was white with aerial mycelia, cottony, and the reverse was white. Gray pycnidia developed on the sterile alfalfa stems at 25°C with a 14/10 h light/dark cycle in 30 days. Conidiophores were hyaline, cylindrical, septate, branched, smooth, 14.3-37.2 × 1.5-3.7 μm (n = 30). Conidiogenous cells were cylindrical, 5.6-21.6 × 1.3-2.1 μm (n = 30). Alpha conidia were aseptate, fusiform to oval, 6.5 ± 0.6 × 2.2 ± 0.2 μm (n = 50), bi- or multi-guttulate. Beta conidia were aseptate, hyaline, and curved, 31.0 ± 3.5 × 1.0 ± 0.1 μm (n = 30). Gamma conidia were aseptate, infrequent, botuliform, 12.4 ± 1.2 × 1.4 ± 0.1 μm (n = 10). Morphological characteristics of the three isolates matched those of Diaporthe spp. (Gomes et al. 2013). DNA of the three isolates was extracted and the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), histone H3 (HIS), partial translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1-α), beta-tubulin (TUB), and calmodulin (CAL) genes were amplified with primers ITS1/ITS4 (White et al. 1990), CYLH3F/H3-1b (Glass and Donaldson, 1995; Crous et al. 2004), EF1-728F/EF1-986R (Carbone et al. 1999), Bt2a/Bt2b (Glass and Donaldson 1995), and CAL-228F/CAL-737R (Carbone et al. 1999), respectively. The genomic DNA sequences were deposited in GenBank with Accession Nos. OP522005, OP522447, OP522448, and OP566419 to OP566430 (Supplementary Table 1). BLAST search of the sequences from the three isolates showed high similarities with sequences of Diaporthe acuta Y.S. Guo & G.P. Wang (ex-type PSCG 047). BLAST results were listed in Supplementary Table 1. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian posterior probability analyses using IQtree v. 1.6.8 and MrBayes v. 3.2.6 with the concatenated sequences placed WH52, SX13, and XZ96 in the clade of D. acuta. Based on the phylogeny and morphology, the three isolates were identified as D. acuta. The pathogenicity was tested on potted 3-yr-old seedlings of A. palmatum. Healthy leaves wounded with a sterile needle (1 mm in diameter) were inoculated with 5-mm plugs from the edge of 3-day-old culture of the three isolates. The PDA plugs were used for controls. Three plants were used for each treatment, and three leaves of each plant were inoculated. Each plant was covered with a plastic bag, and sterilized water was sprayed into the bags to maintain humidity in a greenhouse at the day/night temperatures at 25 ± 2°C. The plastic bags were removed on the fifth day. Five days after inoculation, the inoculated leaves appeared lesions similar to those in the field. The controls remained healthy. Diaporthe acuta was reisolated from the lesions on the inoculated leaves and was confirmed based on morphological characteristics and ITS sequence analyses. No fungus was isolated from the controls. Diaporthe acuta was previously reported to cause pear shoot canker in China (Guo, et al. 2020), and D. foliicola, D. monospora and D. nanjingensis caused leaf blight of A. palmatum (Wan et al. 2022). This is the first report of D. acuta causing leaf blight of A. palmatum. This finding will provide an effective basis for developing control strategies for the disease.

Preface

2023 3rd International Conference on Fluid and Chemical Engineering (ICFCE 2023) has been successfully held on July 20-21, 2023, in Wuhan China. Organized by Hubei Zhongke Institute of Geology and Environment Technology, ICFCE 2023 intends to invite worldwide famous scientists, experts, scholars, and researchers for academic presentations.ICFCE 2023 proceeding is a collection of outstanding submissions in the field of biofluid mechanics, chemically reacting fluids and combustion, computational fluid dynamics (CFD), experimental fluid mechanics, flow through porous media, fluid–solid interactions (FSI), geophysical fluid dynamics, granular/suspension flows, heat and mass transfer, hydrodynamics, physical, theoretical and computational chemistry, chemical engineering fundamentals, chemical reaction engineering, chemical engineering equipment design and process design, thermodynamics, catalysis & reaction engineering, particulate systems, crystallization, etc. Around 70 articles were selected from more than 150 submissions after peer-review, and authors and guests participated in ICFCE 2023 with keynote speeches, oral presentations and posters, promoting the communication among researchers and experts from institutes and universities, including Ningbo University, University of Sharjah, China Association for Science and Technology, Tianjin University, China Agricultural University, South China University of Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, etc.Cordial gratitude is delivered to Technical Program Committee of ICFCE 2023 for the professional work on guarantying the high standard of conference as well as the proceedings. We believe the proceedings will enhance the exchange of ideas and state-of-art knowledge on Fluid and Chemical Engineering.Professor Omid MahianXian Jiaotong University, ChinaAssociate Professor Sébastien DéonUniversity of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté, FranceList of Technical Committee, Chair, Editor, International Committee Members are available in this pdf.

Data Collected and Analysis of COVID-19 Infection Status: Case Study of Iraqi Hospital Patients in Diwaniyah and Najaf Governorates

In recent years, the coronavirus (COVID-19) spread in a dangerous and rapidly. It first appeared in the Chinese city of Wuhan in early December 2019, causing many cases of infection and death because of the rapid spread of the virus throughout the world. The conversion of patient information from paper to electronic helps the medical staff and researchers analyze and retrieve information faster. In this paper, we gathered data about patients infected with COVID-19 who were registered in the Iraqi hospitals of two governorates (Diwaniyah and Najaf) from 2020 to 2023. In addition, we used machine learning algorithms that protect the infection of the data entered for the patient. The highest accuracy (average in both datasets od Diwaniyah and Najaf) ) are achieved by both the algorithms Nave Bayes (90%) and Decision tree (90%) , while the K nearest neighbor (89%), Random forest() and artificial neural network (84).

Previous and potential mutations of Sars-cov-2 receptors and their interaction with known inhibitors

SARS-CoV-2, the seventh coronavirus known to infect humans after 229E, NL63, 0C43, HKU1, MERS-CoV, and the original SARS-CoV, has a large positive-stranded RNA genome of 29,891 nucleotides and 9,860 amino acids. It is a strain of coronavirus that causes COVID 19. It was first discovered in the Chinese city of Wuhan. It undergoes several mutations hence posing a great difficulty in finding a suitable inhibitor. This studies previous and potential mutations of Sars-cov-2 receptors and their interaction with known inhibitors. There are four measures to take in generating SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors that might surpass mutation should it arise which includes; a. finding inhibitors with two or more mechanism of inhibition in virus target inhibition b. employing host target inhibition c. complex forming compounds that will interfere with viral-host cell fusion independent of interaction with the host or organism d. human receptor cell lookalikes with higher affinity to the virus (proteins). Employing any of these measures might produce a good inhibitor however, drug resistance may emerge quickly after treatment as a result of the numerous mutations that RNA virus experience but host cell mutations are uncommon, treatments that target the host cells may delay the emergence of drug resistance.

Integrating ecosystem services and ecological risks for urban ecological zoning: a case study of Wuhan City, China

The global ecosystem is facing a severe situation, with increasing ecological risks threatening ecosystem protection. The research is conducted based on land use data and socio-economic data of Wuhan during the three periods of 2000, 2010, and 2020. Various models including the ecosystem service value model, ecosystem risk model, bivariate spatial autocorrelation model, and CA-Markov model are employed to calculate the spatial and temporal evolution as well as the correlation of ecosystem service values and ecological risks in Wuhan City over the past 20 years. Moreover, the study aims to predict the ecosystem service values and ecological risks for the year 2030 and establish an ecological zoning framework accordingly. The results show that: (1) The value of Wuhan’s ecosystem services show a trend of first decreasing and then increasing in the past 20 years. (2) The ecological risks of Wuhan show an overall upward trend, and the ecological risks in the study area are generally characterized by “high in the middle and low around”. (3) There is a significant positive spatial correlation between the value of ecosystem services and ecological risks in Wuhan. The overall ecological risk in the study area in 2030 is relatively alleviated compared with the previous two periods, and the ecological zones with a larger proportion are “low-low” and “low-high” zones. This study can provide critical information for building resilient cities.

Impact of non-pharmaceutical interventions during COVID-19 on future influenza trends in Mainland China

BackgroundInfluenza is a common illness for its high rates of morbidity and transmission. The implementation of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) during the COVID-19 pandemic to manage its dissemination could affect the transmission of influenza.MethodsA retrospective analysis, between 2018 and 2023, was conducted to examine the incidence of influenza virus types A and B among patients in sentinel cities located in North or South China as well as in Wuhan City. For validations, data on the total count of influenza patients from 2018 to 2023 were collected at the Central Hospital of Wuhan, which is not included in the sentinel hospital network. Time series methods were utilized to examine seasonal patterns and to forecast future influenza trends.ResultsNorthern and southern cities in China had earlier outbreaks during the NPIs period by about 8 weeks compared to the 2018–2019. The implementation of NPIs significantly reduced the influenza-like illness (ILI) rate and infection durations. Influenza B Victoria and H3N2 were the first circulating strains detected after the relaxation of NPIs, followed by H1N1 across mainland China. The SARIMA model predicted synchronized H1N1 outbreak cycles in North and South China, with H3N2 expected to occur in the summer in southern cities and in the winter in northern cities over the next 3 years. The ILI burden is expected to rise in both North and South China over the next 3 years, with higher ILI% levels in southern cities throughout the year, especially in winter, and in northern cities mainly during winter. In Wuhan City and the Central Hospital of Wuhan, influenza levels are projected to peak in the winter of 2024, with 2 smaller peaks expected during the summer of 2023.ConclusionsIn this study, we report the impact of NPIs on future influenza trends in mainland China. We recommend that local governments encourage vaccination during the transition period between summer and winter to mitigate economic losses and mortality associated with influenza.

Understanding young Chinese customers’ perceptions of unsafe city image restoration after Covid-19 outbreak

PurposeThis study aims to uncover marketing strategies to restore a positive image in times of pandemic crisis to bring tourists back to a popularly affected tourism city in China, Wuhan in Hubei Province. The paper argues that the process of restoring city image requires understanding the perceptions of Generation Z, a segment of the population who have a high propensity to travel after COVID-19.Design/methodology/approachThis study employed a constructivist grounded theory approach to explore the perspectives of China’s Generation Z consumers of Wuhan’s future image to restart tourism. The data is collected through semi-structured interview of 29 respondents and analyzed with the initial, focused and theoretical coding process.FindingsStart by narrowing the gap between projected and perceived image, the findings suggest that Generation Z could be pulled to visit Wuhan city through four core products such as dark tourism activities, special-interest leisure, heroism and storytelling.Originality/valueThe destination image restoration framework after health-related crisis is creatively proposed. It combines the analysis of crisis and urban characteristics from the perspective of the target audience (Generation Z) and provides specific strategies to restore the tourism city image from cognitive, affective and conative dimensions. Significantly, two novel characteristics of Generation Z (i.e. lighthearted and patriotic) emerge in addition to the typical features of this generational cohort. This study also found a high preference for a technologically oriented type of attraction that reverses the morbid COVID-19 memories into an entertainment tool.

Construction of a schistosomiasis transmission risk assessment system in Wuhan City based on analytic hierarchy process

To construct a schistosomiasis transmission risk assessment system in Wuhan City and preliminary evaluate its application effect, so as to promote the rational allocation of schistosomiasis control resources and accelerate the progress towards schistosomiasis elimination. The schistosomiasis risk assessment indicators were collected through referring schistosomiasis surveillance data of Wuhan City from 2014 to 2020, literature review and expert interviews. Indicators within each criterion and sub-criterion were screened using the Delphi method, and a hierarchical structure model was created based on analytic hierarchy process. Quantitative assignment of each indicator was conducted according to relative importance, and the weight and combination weight of each criterion were calculated in each analytic hierarchy framework to create a schistosomiasis transmission risk assessment system, which was used for the schistosomiasis transmission risk assessment in 12 national schistosomiasis surveillance sites in Wuhan City. A three-level schistosomiasis transmission risk assessment system was preliminarily constructed, which included a target layer, 5 criterion layers and 21 sub-criterion layers. Of all indicators in the criterion layer, transmission route had the highest weight (0.433), followed by source of Schistosoma japonicum infection (0.294); and among all indicators in the sub-criterion layer, S. japonicum infection in Oncomelania hupensis and sentinel mice had the highest combination weight (0.125), followed by prevalence of S. japonicum infection in humans (0.091) and bovines (0.053), snail control by chemical treatment (0.049), positive rate of inquiry examinations (0.048), allocation of schistosomiasis control professionals (0.045), and areas of submerged snail-infested settings (0.041). Of the 12 national schistosomiasis surveillance sites in Wuhan City, there were 5 sites with weights of > 0.8, 4 sites with weights of 0.6 to 0.8, and 3 sites with weights of < 0.6 in 2020. A schistosomiasis transmission risk assessment system has been constructed based on analytic hierarchy process in Wuhan City, which may provide a evidence-based basis for health resource allocation and decision-making for schistosomiasis control.

Model Development of Sports Centers Service Management in Wuhan City under Next Normal Condition

Background and Aim: This research on Developing the Next Normal Service Management Model of the Gymnasium at WuHan is qualitative research with the following objectives: To develop the next level of normal service management model of the gymnasium in Wuhan after the outbreak of COVID-19. Materials and Methods: The population size is about 25,000 people using a random sampling method. The sample is 394 people. The research tools are questionnaires and interviews. The quality of the tool was determined by content validity by 5 experts, the IOC was 0.8-1.00. Results: The Wushu Sports Center's main components of the model include: (1) Basic information about the sports service provided by the stadium. (2) Service demand for Wushu sports center by exercise after COVID-19 outbreak. (3) The satisfaction of sports exercise on the service of sports centers after the COVID-19 outbreak. Conclusion: The research findings were: (1) Problems, shortcomings, and service procedures of Wuhan stadium namely service quality issues and support facilities continue to improve. (2) Service process of Wuhan sports venues Service demand of sports organizations. Demand for sports guidance and physical monitoring. Demand for sports information consultation. (3) service model for Wuhan Sports Center after the COVID-19 epidemic. (4) confirm the service model of Wuhan Sports Center under the Next Normal situation.

The Impact of COVID-19 on Epidemiological Features of Spinal Cord Injury in Wuhan, China: A Comparative Study in Different Time Periods.

Background and Objectives: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe affliction that can have a profound impact on a person's ability to move and feel, affecting a significant number of individuals. However, rehabilitation after SCI treatment remains a critical method to improve motor-sensory functions, which improves the patient's quality of life. This study aims to describe the epidemiological profile of SCI during the COVID-19 pandemic ("COVID-19 period") and before and after the COVID-19 pandemic ("non-COVID-19 period") in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. Materials and Methods: Medical records of 93 patients diagnosed with SCI admitted to the rehabilitation department of Wuhan Tongji Hospital from January 2019 to May 2023 were retrospectively reviewed. Basic demographics and clinical characteristics such as level of injury, American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale, treatment method, and concomitant injuries were analyzed. Results: Forty patients with SCI from the non-COVID-19 period and fifty-three patients from the COVID-19 period were identified. The mean ages were 38.80 ± 17.71 and 44.53 ± 13.27 years, respectively, with a consistent male-to-female ratio of 2:1 across both periods. Notably, falls accounted for the most prevalent mechanism of injury, constituting 50% of cases during the non-COVID-19 period and 37.74% during the COVID-19 period. The most common initial ASIA grade was B in the non-COVID-19 period and grade C in the COVID-19 period. In addition, the final ASIA grade after treatment was grade C in the non-COVID-19 period and grade D in the COVID-19 period. Conclusions: A greater proportion of males suffer from SCI, and the primary causes are falls and traffic accidents. Workers are the most vulnerable group to SCI among all patients. Prevention strategies should be customized based on the unique characteristics of SCI patients. This study highlights the importance of SCI rehabilitation.

"We are in the forgotten corner!" a qualitative study of experiences and challenges among Chinese older women at the onset of acute myocardial infarction.

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a common and serious cardiovascular disease (CVD) that is one of the leading causes of death among women globally and in China. However, there are sex-associated differences and inequalities in the detection and management of AMI, especially in older people. There is little research demonstrating how challenges and barriers affect older women's help-seeking behavior and health-related procedures in China. The objective of this study was to explore the experiences of older women with AMI, focusing on their perception, challenges, and coping strategies at the onset of AMI in Wuhan, China. This study utilized a qualitative research design approach and conducted semi-structured, in-depth, and audio-recorded interviews with 18 women aged 65-84 years, purposively selected from two tertiary hospitals in Wuhan City from November 2021 to April 2022. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was used in this study to analyze the data on 18 participants and three major themes were generated: disease perception disorder, negative coping strategies, and barriers due to social-environmental contexts. To reduce older women's delay in seeking help, healthcare professionals should provide public health education that emphasizes sex-related disparities, and age-specific knowledge-attitude aspects to high-risk groups. Policy-based and health administration recommendations, including e-health information support, access to care, and social-environmental factors, should be highlighted to promote women's health behavior.

Peranan Camat dalam Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Corona Virus Disease (Covid-19) di Kecamatan Gido, Kabupaten Nias

Corona Virus Disease (Covid-19) is an epidemic that has an infectious nature. Covid - 19 first appeared in the city of Wuhan, Hubei Province, China and has spread to 190 countries in the world including Indonesia. Officially, WHO as the world health agency named this virus as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-related Coronavirus-2 (SARS_CoV-2) or Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19). The Covid-19 virus outbreak is known to have clinical symptoms in human respiration, even to the point of severity causing death. On March 14, 2020 the Indonesian government declared the Covid-19 outbreak a national disaster. As a result of the Covid-19 outbreak, the Indonesian government took strategic steps to prevent wider cases by issuing PSBB and PPKM policies. This policy aims to break the transmission rate of Covid-19. As an issue and problem, Covid-19 has also not escaped the attention of the Gido District government, so this study aims to find out the role of the sub-district head in preventing and controlling Corona Virus Disease (Covid-19) in Gido District, Nias Regency and to find out the obstacles experienced by the Head of Gido subdistrict in the prevention and control of Corona Virus Disease (Covid-19) in Gido District, Nias Regency. This researcher uses a qualitative method that is descriptive in nature, namely to provide a clear picture of the problem under study. Data collection techniques used are observation, interviews and documentation. The results showed that the role of the sub-district head in prevention and control was effective. This is marked by the activeness of the camat in providing advice and outreach and collaborating between various parties such as the Koramil and puskesmas as well as village government officials to jointly prevent the transmission of Covid-19 and provide health facilities for the community such as masks and hand sanitizers. The sub-district head also took firm action against immigrants to self-isolate. The sub-district head also plays a role in monitoring the process of recusing village funds to be diverted to communities affected by Covid-19 so that people can receive social assistance evenly. The inhibiting factor experienced by the sub-district head is that there are still many people who do not understand the dangers of Covid - 19 and the solution for this is that the sub-district head cooperates with the puskesmas to participate in explaining about Covid-19 and how it is transmitted as well as ways to prevent and overcome it.

Solar Photo-Voltaic and thermal (PVT) system facilitated with novel coaxial condensing heat pipe (CCHP): Thermo hydrodynamic modelling and parametric optimization for overall operation performance

Heat pipes offer tremendous potential for utilization in the energy and construction industries due to their excellent heat transmission efficiency. The current study involved the development of a theoretical model for thermal transport in a coaxial condensing heat pipe (CCHP) connected with solar photovoltaic and thermal (PVT) systems. Subsequently, parameter studies were conducted to analyze their impact on system performance, including irradiation intensity, surrounding temperature, inlet temperature, mass flow rate and PV coverage factor. In addition, temperature variation, thermal and electrical conversion capabilities of the CCHP/PVT system on typical days were discussed utilizing meteorological conditions in Wuhan city as inputs for the analysis. Our findings showed that the morning is when thermal efficiency is at its highest across the seasons, and it remained between 50% and 55%. Compared to natural cooling and conventional heat pipe cooling, the CCHP/PVT system reduced the temperature of the PV panels by approximately 30.3% and 16.3%, respectively. The proposed CCHP/PVT system has a respectively 14.4% and 5.2% enhancement in thermal and electrical efficiencies in comparison with those conventional heat pipes. Here, theoretical results agree well with former published ones, with average errors of no more than 10%. Our parametric investigations were then put into practice to assess the overall performance and to serve as a theoretical foundation for later development. It was really beneficial to boost the efficiency of solar energy utilization in the Yangtze River, China, where solar potentials were relatively poor than north western China.

Identifying the integrated visual characteristics of greenway landscape: A focus on human perception

Understanding the integrated landscape characteristics and spatial sequences of greenways and the surrounding visual environments is crucial for connecting fragmented natural spaces within cities and enhancing residents’ natural experiences. However, previous studies have mostly predominantly focused on individual perceptions of greenway landscapes, rather than considering the integrated visual characteristics of both the inner and the visible surroundings. This disparity often deviates from people's actual perception of these spaces. To address this gap, we have adopted a new approach to identify the integrated greenway visual characteristics in inner and surrounding landscapes from a human perception perspective, in the city of Wuhan, China. Our methodology involved the utilization of deep learning systems, text semantic analysis, and other techniques to integrate multi-source data, including street view images, remote sensing images, and perceptual comments, to quantitatively assess the landscape sequences and naturalness of landscape changes along the greenway paths. We identify the positions and characteristics of unique landscape nodes within the greenway. The findings of our study revealed ten main landscape types of greenways in Wuhan, with over 72 % of the greenways comprising more than five types. As the length of the greenways increases, the number of landscape types initially experiences rapid growth before reaching a stable state. Furthermore, the frequency of landscape change exhibits a linear and positive correlation with greenway length. Notably, the naturalness of the majority of greenway inner landscapes closely aligns with that of the surrounding visible environment. The openness of all greenways was positively correlated with the proportion of farmland and grassland in their surrounding areas. Furthermore, people exhibit higher positive sentiment responses to greenways that maintain a high level of natural consistency between the inside and outside environments. Additionally, over 47 % of the unique nodes primarily coincide with a specific landscape type and play a vital role in shaping the rhythm of greenway landscape change. These findings provide valuable insights to support the construction and management of greenway landscapes, as well as guidance for urban planners and designers aiming to harness natural resources effectively in the development of urban greenways.

IMPACT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON TEACHERS' MENTAL HEALTH

On December 30, 2019, the Chinese city of Wuhan became the center of an outbreak of the zoonotic Coronavirus disease 2019 – Covid-19. A series of international studies have been researching the emotional repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic on health professionals, and on vulnerable population groups in general. In Brazil, research on teachers’ health gained proportions from 2006 onwards, and the country currently has several studies on the topic. In national literature, the term “teacher malaise” is related to the illness and psychological suffering of teachers with the observation of a considerable increase in mental disorders. Objectives: Identify and analyze the main impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic on the mental health of basic education teachers, according to national and international literature in Health Sciences and Education. Methodology: integrative review of studies on the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on mental health. Result and Discussion: The integrative review highlighted 13 studies, whose results point to the impacts of the pandemic on changes in routine, gender issues, family relationships and the mental health of school teachers. Conclusions: Today, 2 years and 8 months after the alert of the first cases of pneumonia in the city of Wuhan in December 2019, the psychological impacts of the pandemic on different segments of society are notorious, therefore after the most critical part it is inferred as the main I challenge the analysis of the frequency with which negative feelings such as sadness, anxiety, depression, hopelessness, among others, have affected the teaching population.

COVID-19 and Mental Health Consequences: The Way Forward

On 31 December 2019, the WHO China Country Office was informed of cases of pneumonia of unknown etiology detected in Wuhan City in Hubei Province of its territory. The Chinese authorities isolated a new type of coronavirus on 7 January 2020. The consequences of this viral infection were later termed as COVID-19 disease. Direct and indirect psychological and social effects can affect mental health now and in future. COVID-19 can infect brain and can affect brain function. During and after this pandemic, harmful behaviors like suicide and self-harm are likely to increase. SARS (2003) had 30% increase in suicide in those over 65 years. Half of the recovered patients remained anxious; 29% health care workers experienced emotional distress. When a person becomes infected with COVID-19 disease, s/he is also at higher risk for sleep problems owing to acute stress responses. Anxiety and depressive symptoms constitute common reactions for people with COVID-19 diagnosis, especially for those who may be hospitalized, due to concerns for one’s own health or the health of others, the need for physical isolation. Other concerns include the potential risk of death, concerns over the risk of infecting others, and concerns over leaving family members alone who may need care. Stress-related psychiatric conditions including mood and substance use disorders which are associated with suicidal behavior. COVID-19 survivors may also be at elevated suicide risk during and after the pandemic. The suicidal behaviors are likely to be present for a long time and peak later than the actual pandemic. Lifestyle during the pandemic is characterized by prolonged inactivity, increased eating and consequent obesity, alcohol and other substance abuse. All of these behavioral characteristics are included in maladaptive coping strategies.&#x0D; Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Med. Coll. J. 2022;1(1):01-03