City Of Voronezh Research Articles

АРХИТЕКТУРНО-ПЛАНИРОВОЧНОЕ РЕШЕНИЕ ОБЪЕКТОВ ОГРАНИЧЕННОГО ПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ

Green spaces in cities perform many different useful functions: noise-proof, dust-absorbing, have an impact on the processes of insolation, they enrich the air with phytoncides, and also play a huge aesthetic role, which has a beneficial effect on the psychological state of people.
 In matters of planning and improvement of various objects, much attention is paid to landscaping. Green spaces can be used in planning and architectural solutions. Therefore, it is necessary to take a more careful approach to gardening and landscaping. This is especially true for objects where children are staying for a long time. This object is the Palace of creativity of children and youth of the city of Voronezh, the territory of which served for research. Such objects must be maintained in an appropriate sanitary and aesthetic condition, which will improve the quality of perception of the territory. Unsettled areas of institutions have a negative impact on the mood and General well-being of children and their parents, and may also contain a potential danger to the person at the time of stay. In particular, the unsatisfactory condition of plantings, roads, and small architectural forms is dangerous.
 Therefore, it is necessary to assess the state of the territory and recommend measures for landscaping and improvement, taking into account the requirements, as well as to develop an architectural and planning solution. As a result, a landscape and environmental assessment was performed, which consists in determining the type of spatial structure, assessing the state of plantings, aesthetic and sanitary assessments, the stage of digression, and recreational capacity. Based on the results of the study, functional zoning was developed. The balance of the territory was determined and it was found that the percentage of greenery does not meet the required standards. The condition of the plantings on the site was assessed as satisfactory. Therefore, it is necessary to Supplement the number of plantings with the most stable types of tree and shrub vegetation, taking into account their decorative and aesthetic value. It is necessary to properly carry out the improvement of the object, to develop an architectural and planning composition of the territory of the Palace of creativity of children and youth.

Analysis of cardiovascular morbidity in the pediatric population of the city of Voronezh

Aim: To perform a territorial comparison of the incidence rates of certain cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in the pediatric population of the city ofVoronezh.Material and Methods. The morbidity rates in the pediatric population over certain inner-city zones were assessed using a differentiated approach. This tactic was chosen taking into account historical background as a high percentage of the population (75.8% of the total population in the city district of Voronezh) was registered at particular clinics based on a territorial logic. Of these, 11 pediatric clinics in Voronezh provided care for over 160,000 children under the age of 14 years (about 79% of children residing in the city district of Voronezh) on a territorial basis. The ranking of indicators was performed using a specially designed software developed at the Voronezh State Medical University named after N.N. Burdenko. The territories at risk were identified based on the results of this analysis by the level and dynamics of morbidity in the pediatric population. Results. Cardiovascular diseases were below the top five leading disease classes and were ranked 8–9 in children in the context of overall morbidity structure in the city ofVoronezh. The study showed that the incidence of cardiovascular diseases increased in the adult population of Voronezh relative to the value for the same period analyzed last year: the growth rate in the number of medical care encounters was 14.65% with 14.05% of diagnoses established for the first time in life. The average long-term level of cardiovascular mortality in theVoronezh city district was 24.79 ± 1.40 cases per 1,000 children under 14 years of age.Conclusion. The differences, found in the morbidity rates from the individual intra-city territories provided with pediatric polyclinics, can be explained by the various factors such as the age structure of the population residing in a particular region and human resources of a medical organization including the availability of a pediatric cardiologist. Knowledge of information regarding pediatric disease incidence in certain inner-city territories allowed us to rationally optimize the resources of the urban health system to improve the availability and quality of medical care to the population, particularly the young segments, suffering from cardiovascular diseases at the pre-hospital stage.

Preface

The international scientific conference Energy Management of Municipal Facilities and Sustainable Energy Technologies EMMFT 2019 took place in Voronezh State Technical University on 28-30 November 2019 in the city of Voronezh. This annual scientific event brought together guests and participants from Russia and different foreign countries providing them with a platform to discuss the following topics: Energy Management Systems in Construction, Construction Materials, Building Physics, Physics in Technology, Thermal Physics, Climate and Geophysics, Statistical Methods in Experimental Physics, Applied Mechanics, Transportation Engineering, Electrical and Electronic Technology, Telecommunications and Data Transmission. The objective of the conference was to exchange the latest scientific achievements, strengthen academic relations between scientists of different countries, create favorable conditions for collaborative researches and implement collaborative projects. Young scientists, doctoral and post-graduate students got an opportunity to share their scientific and practical work related to the field of new energy technologies. During the event, the newest equipment was demonstrated and the latest technologies of thermal protection of buildings were shared. Over than 500 papers were submitted for the conference. All papers passed strict scientific and technical review. Finally, 112 papers were accepted for publication in the Journal of Physics: Conference Series (JPCS). Within the framework of technical review all papers were thoroughly checked for the following attributes: compliance with the subject of the conference; plagiarism (acceptable minimum of originality was 90%); acceptable English language. At the same time, papers were checked by a technical proofreader (for the quality of images, absence of Cyrillic, etc.). All the participants and organizers express their gratitude to the Journal of Physics: Conference Series (JPCS) for publishing the proceedings of the conference. Murgul, Vera, Pukhkal, Viktor (Eds.)

Research on the influence factors of technogenic environmental pollution on population health based on statistical panel data analysis

A statistical analysis of the incidence rate of various types of diseases in a population for different age groups was carried out: children (up to 14 years old inclusive), adolescents (15-17 years old), adults (18 years old and older), depending on environmental factors such as concentration of atmospheric impurities, as well as drinking water quality indicators. A dynamic autoregressive model for panel data was used to determine the quantitative dependence of the incidence rate in a population on environmental pollution factors. Panel data on population morbidity indicators, air pollution and the drinking water quality were built on the basis of official statistics for the districts of the Voronezh region and the city of Voronezh over a multi-year period. Considering that the incidence levels in the districts of the Voronezh region and in the city of Voronezh linearly depend on determining factors, linear dynamic models were constructed to describe the level of the disease classes recorded for the year, depending on the level of the corresponding disease classes for the previous year, as well as those registered for the analyzed year of concentrations of chemical impurities in the atmosphere or, accordingly, the values of drinking water quality indicators. As a result of the analysis, statistically significant quantitative dependences on the recorded factors of technogenic environmental pollution were obtained for certain classes of morbidity.

КРИТЕРИИ ОЦЕНКИ БИОГЕОЦЕНОТИЧЕСКИХ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ФУНКЦИЙ ПОЧВ ПОД ДРЕВЕСНО-КУСТАРНИКОВЫМИ ИНТРОДУЦЕНТАМИ

The paper presents the results of ranking the criteria for assessing the ecological functions of soils. This ranking is presented for the first time. The authors propose to evaluate the ecological functions of soils by the degree of variability of their basic properties compared to the background using a six-point scale. The object of the study is leached chernozem, low-humus, powerful loamy soil on a cover carbonate loam, occurring on the territory of the Botanical Garden of Voronezh State University named after B.M. Kozo-Polyansky in the city of Voronezh under the collections of tree-shrub introducers. Based on the proposed criteria, the following biogeocenotic functions of leached chernozem have been evaluated: 1. Soil functions as a source of nutrients and compounds; 2. Depot of moisture, batteries and energy; 3. Stimulant and inhibitor of a number of biochemical processes; 4. Soil functions due to its physicochemical properties. Based on the results obtained, practical recommendations have been proposed for improving the biogeocenotic functions of leached low-humus powerful loamy chernozem as a whole and especially under coniferous, shrub and coniferous-shrub vegetation

Analysis of the impact of technogenic environmental factors on public health in the territory of the Voronezh region

The article presents the results of a study on the degree of influence of environmental factors on public health in the Voronezh region. Nowadays, people are often exposed to numerous harmful environmental factors that have a negative impact on their health. The main of the leading factors are air pollution and the hygienic condition of drinking water. The analysis of the sanitary-epidemiological situation was carried out and the incidence rate in the territory of the Voronezh region from 2016–2018 was estimated. We also analyzed the data of observation of air pollution, drinking water at observation posts of organizations of Rospotrebnadzor located in the city of Voronezh. As a result of the study, an analysis was made of the environmental situation in more than 30 districts of the Voronezh region. At the same time, the tendency of the incidence rate in these territories was studied. The presence of endemic diseases of certain classes was revealed. The results of the study indicate the leading factors that have a negative impact on the health of the population living in different regions. In conclusion, it was noted that over the past 4 years, the environmental situation in the territory of the Voronezh region has remained unfavorable. The increased content of certain substances in the air and water of the area entails a high incidence rate for specific classes of diseases. The relationship of environmental pollution indicators with the incidence rate of the population of certain areas was also identified and the dependence of the content of certain substances in the air, water and the purity of the manifestation of specific classes of diseases in various parts of the region was established.

The Study of the Environmental Risk of Urban Areas on the Example of the City of Voronezh

Studied the regularity of formation of socio-environmental conditions that affect the environmental safety of cities on the example of the city of Voronezh. The results obtained in the course of many years of monitoring studies are summarized in the GIS “Environmental and socio-economic conditions of the city of Voronezh”. GIS consists of a system of hierarchically subdivided sections of databases and thematic mapping tools, reflecting the natural resource potential, socio-economic and environmental-hygienic situation of urbanized territories. The basis is Earth remote sensing data, and official statistics from environmental agencies. For mathematical cartographic modeling, an array of official statistical information was selected for a 20-year period, from 1998 to 2018.

HIGIENIC PROBLEMS OF USING PACKED WATER AND PUBLIC ATTITUDES TOWARDS BOTTLED WATER SELLING AT RETAIL CHAINS

Water is one of the most important compounds of the environment, the quality of which determines the health and life of all living things on the plane. That is why the quality and safety of water are subject to special requirements established at the legislative level. And if initially only the quality of water in the centralized and non-centralized water supply of the population was normalized, now requirements are also imposed on bottled water that is sold in retail chains. The goal is to identify the main hygienic problems of using bottled water by the population. Methods: General scientific, hygienic, sociological using questionnaires, analytical. Results: In the presented scientific work, we evaluated the attitude of the population of the city of Voronezh and the region to the use of bottled water. The majority of respondents prefer to buy bottled water in the volume of 5 liters more often in home stores or large supermarkets for drinking and cooking, focusing on the price and not focusing on the manufacturer and shape of the bottle. We have analyzed the main hygienic requirements for packaged water. The technical regulation of the Eurasian economic Union 044/2017 describes the requirements for organoleptics, Microbiology, chemical composition, impurities, etc. In contrast to SanPiN 2.1.4.1116-02 in the technical regulations, quality and safety requirements are regulated depending on the purpose of bottled water: water for children under 3 years of age, water for children over 3 years of age and just drinking water. Conclusion: based on the data obtained, we have developed an algorithm for the population aimed at protecting consumer rights when purchasing bottled water in retail chains.

The concept of «love» in the language consciousness of a Junior school student

One of the aspects of studying and describing the language personality of a Junior school student, and in dynamics from grade 1 to 4, is the cognitive aspect, which includes the study of the language consciousness of a child of this age, including cultural concepts relevant to the child's language picture of the world («conscience», «soul», «happiness», etc.). The article considers the emotional concept of «love», which is among the basic values of the Russian people, affecting the formation of the meaning of human life. The paper offers a brief lexicographic analysis of the word «love» (data from the philosophical, psychological, and explanatory dictionaries). The following is a description of the results of an experiment conducted among students of grades 2-4 of educational organizations in the city of Voronezh. The analysis of the received materials allows us to distinguish the following components of the concept: 1) a sense of self-sacrificing, heartfelt attachment; 2) the person who inspires this feeling; 3) inclination, addiction to something; 4) moral qualities. Based on the data of a directed associative experiment, the image and value component of the concept "love" in the language consciousness of a younger schoolboy are determined, and the age specificity of this concept is revealed. In addition, as part of the research, children were asked to Express their opinions about love in a free form. The article presents the responses of children, which clearly reflect the collective language consciousness.

Remote Sensing of the Earth as a Method of Assessing Environmental Quality of Urban Areas

Introduction: Spatial zoning of an urban area by the level of anthropogenic burden using land-based research methods is very time-consuming. Since the end of the 20th century, the usage of the Earth remote sensing (ERS) techniques has served as their more efficient alternative. The study objectives included geoinformation zoning and evaluation of the level of technogenic changes in the areas according to NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) values. Materials and methods: The cities of the Voronezh Region and their suburban ten-kilometer territories were chosen as the study objects. For the spatial analysis of the area of anthropogenically modified territories based on the example of the cities of the Voronezh Region we created an archive of multichannel satellite images taken by the Landsat-7 and Landsat-8 satellites. The data were borrowed from the Website of the US Geological Survey. Space images were grouped by two periods (the years of 2001 and 2016). Depending on NDVI values, territories with high and low anthropogenic burden, natural framework zones, and water bodies were distinguished. Results: We established that the smallest percentage of areas of the natural framework and their poor location was observed in the city of Voronezh. The largest area occupied by the natural framework was identified within the town of Borisoglebsk. This fact is attributed to the sensible policy of ensuring environmental and hygienic safety of the population implemented by the regional and municipal authorities. Discussion: At present, it is still impossible to fully use space monitoring data to assess health risks of technogenic factors; they can only be used simultaneously with ground monitoring that includes instrumental and laboratory monitoring of environmental quality indicators within the framework of the socio-hygienic monitoring. Conclusions: The analysis of changes in the proportion of areas with a high anthropogenic burden relative to the natural framework performed using satellite images taken in 2001 and 2016 showed an increase in the technogenic burden on the urban environment.

New Data on the Distribution of the Tropical Bed Bug Cimex hemipterus and the Western Conifer Seed Bug Leptoglossus occidentalis (Heteroptera: Cimicidae, Coreidae) in the European Part of Russia

Two alien harmful species, the tropical bed bug Cimex hemipterus (Fabricius, 1803) (Cimicidae) and the western conifer seed bug Leptoglossus occidentalis Heidemann, 1910 (Coreidae), are recorded from Voronezh oblast (city of Voronezh) for the first time. A key for the identification of C. hemipterus and the cosmopolitan bed bug C. lectularius Linnaeus, 1758 is given. L. occidentalis lives in urban conditions in the forest-steppe zone of the European part of Russia, but it was not found in natural ecosystems there.

Health Risks for the Population of the Voronezh Region Related to Drinking Water Quality

The object of the study was the centralized drinking water supply system of the Voronezh Region. The purpose of the study was to assess health risks for the population of the Voronezh Region associated with drinking water quality. Materials and methods: The data of the regional drinking water quality monitoring system, which included monthly sampling and testing of water samples at 553 sites in 32 administrative districts and the city of Voronezh for 8 priority sanitary and chemical indicators (total hardness, concentrations of iron, manganese, nitrates, nitrites, boron, fluorine, and ammonium ions) for the years 2010-2019 were used. To achieve the objective based on monitoring studies of drinking water quality in the water distribution system, four generally accepted stages of risk assessment were implemented including hazard identification, evaluation of dose-response relationship, exposure assessment, risk quantification and characterization. When evaluating the exposure, four calculation scenarios were considered and probable body burdens for children and adults were calculated using the average long-term concentration and 95 percentile of concentration in a separate administrative territory. Results: Regional non-carcinogenic risks estimated on the basis of the average regional concentrations of priority pollutants did not exceed acceptable values (HQ < 1) for 6 of 7 ingredients. Unacceptable risk levels were observed in two of 33 administrative districts due to the presence of nitrates in drinking water (HQ ranged 1.34 to 2.95 for children and equaled 1.26 for adults). Detailed information for separate settlements (control points) using an aggravated scenario helped identify 4 rural settlements in 2 administrative districts with unacceptable risks for the child population of iron in drinking water (HQ up to 2.31), 230 settlements in 27 districts – of nitrates (HQ up to 9.51), one settlement – of boron (HQ = 1.17), and 35 settlements in 13 districts – of fluorine (HQ up to 4.17). Discussion: Summarizing the results of the regional studies of health risks for the population associated with the quality of drinking water, one can testify the shift of the problem to rural settlements where water treatment is practically null. The use of average concentrations of chemicals in drinking water in administrative districts proved to be insufficiently objective and having significant uncertainties. The reduction of uncertainties was achieved by a detailed review of the information for each monitoring site and the use of the 95th percentile concentration of the chemical to assess the health risks for children and adults. Conclusions: With a sufficient degree of certainty, the priority regional indicators determining the unacceptable level of non-carcinogenic risk (HQ > 1) associated with the quality of drinking water include elevated levels of nitrates, fluorine, boron, and iron. Key words: drinking water, centralized water supply, water quality, public health risk.

Theory and practice of heritage renovation of landscape and recreational spaces in the city of Voronezh. Renovation project for the Park named after A. Durov

The article is devoted to the problem of renovation of public recreational spaces classified as historic heritage involving the use of systematic approach and analysis. This approach can scientifically justify the place and public significance of a rather specific and relevant type of architectural and urban planning activity consisting in harmonization and interaction between people (population) and landscape recreational environment inhabited by them [1,2]. The purpose of the research is identifying the integrity of historic spaces through analysis of interaction of industrial, household, recreational, and communicational processes in view of their restoration and choosing methods and techniques with specific examples from design practice in Voronezh.

Influence on the Microclimate of the Number of People at Different Occupancy Temples

Heat, water and gas supply in temples and churches are considered, taking into account the different number of people present at the Liturgy and burning candles. The formulas for determining the above-listed proceeds from paraffin candles depending on the mass of single instances. For the reconstructed Church of St. John, the Baptist at Holy Protection Cathedral in the city of Voronezh is designed of harmful emissions, and air exchange for their assimilation at different occupancy rates and given the average statistics of bought room of candles. Expressions for summary determine the total heat and moisture depending on the number of parishioners. It is recommended to use split and multi-split air conditioning systems in reconstructed and restored churches without disturbing the aesthetics of frescoes and the location of icons. The cooling capacity of such installations should be selected to ensure the required parameters of the microclimate with the occupancy of temples less than 75 % of the calculated taking into account the regulatory requirements for individual volume.

The analysis of circulatory system morbidity in adult population in the city of Voronezh

The analysis of circulatory system morbidity in adult population in the city of Voronezh

Estimation of the equivalent dose rate of gamma radiation in the open territory of the city of Voronezh

The aim of the study was to identify patterns of distribution of the magnitude of the the equivalent dose rate of gamma radiation in an open area of urban space, depending on the functional purpose of the inner-city territory and the type of artificial coating. Materials and methods. Measurements of the equivalent dose rate of gamma radiation (gamma background) in the city of Voronezh were carried out at 70 points, conventionally classified by functional use (industrial area, transport area, residential area, recreational area), as well as the type of coverage in open areas (granite stone blocks , asphalt pavement, paving slabs, open ground) For carrying out radiation monitoring, a highly sensitive portable search device was used – a search measuring gauge microprocessor ICP-PM1401MA. To assess the reliability of differences in the average values of the indicator by functional inner-city zones and types of artificial turf, the methods of parametric statistics (Student’s criterion) are used. Parametric methods of statistics in comparison with nonparametric methods allow statistically unambiguous interpretation of the results. There is no need to use other statistical tools in this regard. Results. The results of the evaluation of the radiation background show that the equivalent dose rate of gamma radiation (gamma background) in the city of Voronezh is from 0.06 to 0.14 µSv / h and it does not exceed the permissible value (0.3 µSv / h). Significant differences in the average values of indicators in the industrial, transport, residential functional areas in relation to the recreational area were not found (tcalc. < ttabl., P < 0.05). The maximum levels of gamma background (0.09-0.14 µSv / h) in the territory of the city of Voronezh were found in those places where processed natural stones (granite) were used for the improvement of the territory. When solving the problem of identifying the dependence of the indicator of the equivalent dose rate of gamma radiation in an open area of an inner-city space on the type of coating, in order to reduce uncertainties in the future, it is necessary to take into account the formulation of materials, especially the fraction of granite chips.

GEOINFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES AS A MECHANISM FOR ASSESSING ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS TO PUBLIC HEALTH IN THE CONDITIONS OF TECHNOGENIC AIR POLLUTION IN CITIES

ic health requires processing large amounts of data from long-term research, which necessitates the use of modern geoinformation technologies. Geoinformation technologies are a mechanism for assessing environmental risks to public health in conditions of man-made air pollution in cities. The results obtained in the course of long-term monitoring studies are summarized in the GIS environment “Environmental and socio-economic conditions of cities in Central Russia”. The collection of information to characterize the functional and planning structure and landscape and environmental conditions for the model regions was carried out on the basis of special field research, processing of stock, including cartographic, material of regional integrated and sectoral environmental agencies. Currently, Russia and the world have different approaches to assessing the environmental risk for the population living in industrial cities. In Russia, the methodology of the center for hygiene is most widely used. Erisman, as well as the methodology for assessing environmental risk developed by Professor V. Prevalence. Of studies environmental and social conditions in the city of Voronezh, conducted by researchers of Voronezh state University under the direction of Professor S.A. Kurolap collected in electronic health-environmental GIS-Atlas of the city of Voronezh. The Atlas contains maps showing the state of the environment, public health, and environmental risks in various parts of the city of Voronezh. Currently, various researchers have proposed a number of methodologies for geoinformation assessment of environmental safety of the population of large cities. At the same time, there is no unified approach to assessing environmental comfort that covers its various components, which makes it advisable to develop an integrated methodology based on the data available to us.

Rational maintenance and management of heating networks of the city

The solution of specific tasks of management and rational maintenance of energy systems of cities can be ensured by a constantly updated unified urban geographic information system. The article discusses the main possibilities of using geographic information systems to determine the reliability indicators of heat supply networks, increase their efficiency and manageability by the processes of their operation. The analysis of the technical condition of the heat network of the city of Voronezh, the statistics of accidents and repair work on sections of the pipeline. The main shortcomings of the existing reliability accounting system, which does not imply the process of managing repair and restoration work, are identified. The expediency of making operational decisions on the basis of up-to-date information on the condition of sections of the heating network in different areas of the city and different periods of installation and repair is proved. The necessity of creating a constantly updated, updated and updated database of all systems of the city of Voronezh using geographic information technologies is justified. The analysis of factors leading to the need for reconstruction of heat supply systems is carried out. It has been established that the most common reasons leading to the need for reconstruction of heat supply systems are: change in the number of connected consumers; change in flow, temperature or pressure in the heating network; mismatch of energy indicators of the system with modern requirements.

To the issue of assessing health risks of tobacco smoking for adolescent schoolchildren

Nowadays, tobacco smoking is an acute social problem, especially among young people. As a rule, the habit of using tobacco products forms at the school age. The current trend in developing tobacco addiction is not only the decrease in the age at onset of the tobacco use, but also the prevalence of smoking among school-age girls. In combination with other environmental factors, this can not only lead to the development of diseases but also affect their reproductive health in the future. The article describes the results of a sociological study of adolescent schoolchildren, Grades 9–11, of a lyceum in the city of Voronezh and an evaluation of the nicotine intake and exposure among schoolchildren of different ages. The number of cigarettes smoked per day was used as the basis for health risk assessment (age at risk, risk groups, and the time of risk acceleration) according to MR 2.1.10.0033–11, Health risk assessment of lifestyle factors. We established that the age at risk of addiction was 15 years while adolescents smoking more than 10 ± 1 cigarettes per day formed the risk group and the time of the risk acceleration was 3–4 years. Based on the results of our research, we proposed comprehensive actions aimed at the promotion of a healthy lifestyle among adolescents in educational institutions including interaction of schoolchildren with universities, future employers, and parents using mass media, the Internet, and outreach events. The article develops the scientific direction of establishing a method approach to assessing tobacco smoking as a health risk factor for schoolchildren aged 15–18.

Million-city site plan problems (Voronezh Case)

The paper elaborately explores the problems of a million-city site plan by the example of the city of Voronezh. This topic was selected due to the questioned expediency of today’s site plans of Russian major cities raised in political and professional communities in late 2018. The site plan’s role and place in the strategic territorial planning was defined, features and specifics of this document were specified. Using the case of the city of Voronezh, acute problems — that must be considered when designing urban planning documentation — are listed. Commonly, designing a site plan of a major city must be preceded by consideration of matters related to sustainable growth in the urbanized region, including ensuring environmental reliability of agglomeration development regulation solutions. The set of specific factors that (a) require deep examination and consideration in site plans of major cities, and (b) condition the feasibility of the land use a planning document in relation with other fundamental documents.